考研考博-考博英语-湘潭大学模拟考试题含答案46

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1、考研考博-考博英语-湘潭大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题Lateral thinking (thinking in a roundabout way), first described by Edward de Bono in 1967, is just a few years older than Edwards son. You might imagine that Caspar was raised to be an adventurous thinker, but the de Bono name was so famous, Caspars parents worried that

2、any time he would say something bright at school, his teachers might snap, “Where do you get that idea from?” “We had to be careful and not overdo it，” Edward admits.Now Caspar is at Oxford, which once looked unlikely because he is also slightly dyslexic. In fact, when he was applying to Oxford, non

3、e of his school teachers thought he had a chance. “So then we did several thinking sessions,” his father says, using my techniques and, when he went up for the exam, he did extremely well.” Soon after, Edward de Bono decided to write his latest book, Teach Your Child How to Think, in which he transf

4、orms the thinking skills he developed for brain-storming businessmen into informal exercises for parents and children to share.Thinking is traditionally regarded as something executed in a logical sequence, and everybody knows that children arent very logical. So isnt it an uphill battle, trying to

5、teach them to think? “You know,” Edward de Bono says, “if you examine peoples thinking, it is quite unusual to find faults of logic. But, the faults of perception are huge! Often we think ineffectively because we take too limited a view.” Teach Your Child How to Think offers lessons in perception im

6、provement, of clearly seeing the implications of something you are saying and of exploring the alternatives.1.What is true about Caspar?2.Caspar succeeded in applying for admission to Oxford because（ ）.3.Which of the following statements shows Edward de Bonos view, according to paragraph 3?4.Lateral

7、 thinking involves all the following except（ ）.问题1选项A.He is Edwards son.B.He is an adventurous thinker.C.He first described lateral thinking.D.He is often scolded by his teacher.问题2选项A.he was careful and often overworkedB.all of his school teachers thought he had a chanceC.he used in the exam the te

8、chniques provided by his fatherD.he read the book, Teach Your Child How to Think, before the exam问题3选项A.Everybody knows that children arent very logical.B.It is an uphill battle trying to reach children to think.C.Thinking is something executed in a logical sequence.D.We often think ineffectively be

9、cause we take too limited a view.问题4选项A.improving ones perception in thinkingB.following a logic sequence while thinkingC.seeing the implication of what you are sayingD.knowing the implied meaning of using the alternatives【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。本题询问关于Caspar哪个说法正确。A选项意为“他是爱德华的儿子”；B选项意为“他

10、是一个开拓型思维的人”；C选项意为“他首次描绘了水平思考法”；D选项意为“他经常受到他的老师的叱责”。根据原文“Lateral thinking (thinking in a roundabout way), first described by Edward de Bono in 1967, is just a few years older than Edwards son. You might imagine that Caspar was raised to be an adventurous thinker, but the de Bono name was so famous, C

11、aspars parents worried that. 1967年，爱德华德波诺(Edward de Bono)首次描述了横向思维(以迂回的方式思考)，他只比爱德华的儿子大几岁。你可能会认为卡斯帕从小就被培养成一个敢于冒险的思想家，但德博诺这个名字太有名了，卡斯帕的父母担心”可知 Caspar 是 Edward的儿子这一点是正确的，A选项正确。2.细节事实题。本题询问Caspar申请牛津大学成功的原因。A选项意为“他仔细认真并且经常学习刻苦过度”；B选项意为“他所有的老师都认为他能考上”；C选项意为“他在考试中运用了他父亲提供的技巧”；D选项意为“他在考试之前阅读了教会孩子如何思维这本书。根

12、据原文“So then we did several thinking sessions,” his father says, “using my techniques and, when he went up for the exam, he did extremely well. 然后我们进行了几次思考，”他的父亲说，“用我的技巧，当他去参加考试时，他做得非常好。”可知是因为运用了他父亲教的方法所以Caspar成功申请到牛津大学，C选项正确。3.细节事实题。本题询问根据第三段内容，下列选项能够表达Edward de Bono的观点的陈述是哪一个。A选项意为“人人都知道孩子的思维是不太有逻辑

13、的”；B 选项意为“试图教会孩子思考是一场艰苦的战斗”；C选项意为“根据传统的观点，人们认为思维要按照一定的逻辑顺序进行”；D选项意为“我们经常无法有效地思考是因为我们的视野过于狭隘”。根据原文 “Often we think ineffectively because we take too limited a view.” Teach Your Child How to Think offers lessons in perception improvement, of clearly seeing the implications of something you are saying

14、and of exploring the alternatives. 我们常常思考效率低下，因为我们的视野太有限。“教你的孩子如何思考可以提高他们的感知能力，让他们清楚地看到你所说的东西的含义，并探索其他选择可可知Edward认为我们经常无法有效地思考是因为我们太限制了自己的视野，D选项正确。4.细节事实题。本题询问水平思考法不包括下列哪一项内容。A选项意为“改善一个人的思维感知”；B选项意为“按照一定的逻辑顺序思考”；C选项意为“明白你所说内容的含义”；D选项意为“明白使用其他替换对象的隐含意义”。根据原文Your Child How to Think offers lessons in p

15、erception improvement, of clearly seeing the implications of something you are saying and of exploring the alternatives. 我们的孩子如何思考提供了认知改善的课程，清楚地看到你所说的东西的含义，并探索其他选择。”可知水平思考法包括了其他三项内容，B选项没有提及，B选项符合题意。2. 单选题Why the inductive and mathematical sciences, after their first rapid development at the culminat

16、ion of Greek civilization, advanced so slowly for two thousand years and why in the following two hundred years a knowledge of natural and mathematical science has accumulated, which so vastly exceeds all that was previously known that these sciences may be justly regarded as the products of our own

17、 timesare question which have interested the modem philosopher not less than the objects with which these sciences are more immediately conversant. Was it the employment of a new method of research, or in the exercise of greater virtue in the use of the old methods, that this singular modem phenomen

18、on had its origin? Was the long period one of arrested development, and is the modem era one of normal growth? Or should we ascribe the characteristics of both periods to so-called historical accidentsto the influence of conjunctions in circumstances of which no explanation is possible, save in the

19、omnipotence and wisdom of a guiding Providence?The explanation which has become commonplace, that the ancients employed deduction chiefly in their scientific inquiries, while the modems employ induction, proves to be too narrow, and fails upon close examination to point with sufficient distinctness

20、the contrast that is evident between ancient and modem scientific doctrines and inquiries. For all knowledge is founded on observation, and proceeds from this by analysis, by synthesis and analysis, by induction and deduction, and if possible by verification, or by new appeals to observation under t

21、he guidance of deductionby steps which are indeed correlative parts of one method; and the ancient sciences afford examples of every one of these methods, or parts of one method, which have been generalized from the examples of science.A failure to employ or to employ adequately any one of these par

22、tial methods, an imperfection in the arts and resources of observation and experiment, carelessness in observation, neglect of relevant facts, by appeal to experiment and observation these are the faults which cause all failures to ascertain truth, whether among the ancients or the modems; but this

23、statement does not explain why the modem is possessed of a greater virtue, and by what means he attained his superiority. Much less does explain the sudden growth of science in recent times.The attempt to discover the explanation of this phenomenon in the antithesis of “facts” and “theories” or “fac

24、ts” and “ideas”in the neglect among the ancients of the former, and their too exclusive attention to the latterproves also to be too narrow, as well as open to the charge of vagueness. For in the first place, the antithesis is not complete. Facts and theories are not coordinate species. Theories, if

25、 true, are factsa particular, class of facts indeed, generally complex, and if a logical connection subsists between their constituents, have all the positive attributes of theories.Nevertheless, this distinction, however inadequate it may be to explain the source of true method in science, is well

26、founded, and connotes an important character in true method. A fact is a proposition of simple. A theory, on the other hand, if true has all the characteristics of a fact, except that its verification is possible only by indirect, remote, arid difficult means. To convert theories into facts is to ad

27、d simple verification, and the theory thus acquires the full characteristics of a fact.1.The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is（ ）.2.According to the author, one possible reason for the growth of science during the days of the ancient Greeks and in modem times is（ ）.3.The differe

28、nce between “fact” and theory”（ ）.4.According to the author, mathematics is（ ）.问题1选项A.Philosophy of mathematicsB.The Recent Growth in ScienceC.The Verification of FactsD.Methods of Scientific Inquiry问题2选项A.the similarity between the two periodsB.that it was an act of GodC.that both tried to develop

29、the inductive methodD.due to the decline of the deductive method问题3选项A.is that the latter needs confirmationB.rests on the simplicity of the formerC.is the difference between the modem scientists and the ancient GreeksD.helps us to understand the deductive method问题4选项A.an inductive scienceB.n need o

30、f simple verificationC.a deductive scienceD.based on fact and theory.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章主要是在对为什么从希腊文化顶峰时期后两千年来归纳法和数学科学发展如此缓慢，而后的两百年又超越了前人这一问题进行科学探究，所以D选项 “科学探究的方法” 适合做文章标题。2.推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Or should we ascribe the characteristics of both periods to so-called historical accident

31、sto the influence of conjunctions in circumstances of which no explanation is possible, save in the omnipotence and wisdom of a guiding Providence? 或去我们是否点当把两个阶段的特点归因于所谓的历史的偶然性-归因于客观环境结合的影响。这一点除非以指导一切的上帝的智慧和无限权利来解释，否则难以说清楚。”确定B选项这是上帝的行为正确。3.细节事实题。根据文章最后三句“A fact is a proposition of simple. A theory,

32、 on the other hand, if true has all the characteristics of a fact, except that its verification is possible only by indirect, remote, arid difficult means. To convert theories into facts is to add simple verification, and the theory thus acquires the full characteristics of a fact.” “事实是一个提议。而理论，若是真

33、理论，就有事实的一切特性（除非其证实只能通过非直接的，遥远的和困难的方式实现），把理论转成事实必须用简单的证实，理论因此具有事实的一切特性。”确定A选项 “后者需要证实”是事实和理论之间的区别。4.推理判断题。根据文章第一句话“Why the inductive and mathematical sciences.”可以推断出数学不是inductive science，排除A选项；根据上一题可知需要简单证实的是理论，排除B选项；D选项 “数学基于理论和事实”这一观点没有在文章中体现，排除；所以通过排除法得出C选项正确。3. 单选题Some cinema-goers in Leipzig eve

34、n confessed that the film had made them feel emotional and slightly（ ）for their recent past.问题1选项A.nostalgicB.instinctiveC.intuitiveD.mirthful【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析。A选项 “乡愁的，怀旧的”； B选项 “本能的，天生的，直觉的”; C选项 “直觉的”; D 选项“愉快的，高兴的”；根据关键词emotional和their recent past以及句意莱比锡的一些电影观众甚至承认，这部电影触动了他们的情感，有点怀念他们的过去确定A选项正确。4.

35、单选题A human being is quite（ ）creature, for the gloss of rationality that covers his or her fears and（ ）is thin and often easily breached.问题1选项A.a frail.insecurityB.a valiant. phobiasC.an ambitious.moralityD.a ludicrous.laughter【答案】A【解析】形容词和名词词义辨析题。A选项的frail脆弱的，身体虚弱的”；insecurity “不 安全，无保障”；B选项的valiant

36、 “勇敢的”；phobia “恐惧，厌恶”；C选项的ambitious “有野心的，有强烈欲望的，有抱负的”; morality “道德，品行”; D选项的ludicrous “滑稽的，荒唐可笑的”; laughter “笑，笑声”。根据句意 人类是一种极为脆弱的生物体，因为掩盖着其恐惧心和不安全感的那层理性的外表是那么的薄弱，且常常易于破裂确定A选项正确。5. 单选题Antarctica has actually become a kind of space station- a unique observation post for detecting important changes

37、in the worlds environment. Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that prevail elsewhere, Antarctica makes possible scientific measurements that are often sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world.Growing numbers of

38、scientists therefore see Antarctica as a unique observation distant-early-warning sensor, where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north. One promising field of investigation is glaciology. Scholars from the United States, Switzerland, and France are pursui

39、ng seven separate but related projects that reflect their concern for the health of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, a concern they believe the world at large should share.The Transantarctic Mountain, some of them more than 14,000 feet high, divide the continent into two very different regions. The par

40、t of the continent to the east” of the mountains is a high plateau covered by an ice sheet nearly two miles thick. West of the mountain, the half of the continent south of the Americas is also covered by an ice sheet, but there the ice rests on rock that is mostly well below sea level. If the West A

41、ntarctic Ice Sheet disappeared, the western part of the continent would be reduced to a sparse cluster of island.While ice and snow are obviously central to many environmental experiments, others focus on the mysterious dry valley of Antarctica, valleys that contain little ice or snow even in the de

42、pths of winter. Slashed through the mountains of southern Victoria Land, these valleys once held enormous glaciers that descended 9,000 feet from the polar plateau to the Ross Sea. Now the glaciers are gone, perhaps a casualty of the global warming trend during the 10,000 years since the ice age. Ev

43、en the snow that falls in the dry valleys is blasted out by vicious winds that roar down from the polar plateau to the sea. Left bare are spectacular gorges, rippled fields of sand dunes, clusters of boulders sculptured into fantastic shapes by 100-mile-an-hour winds, and an aura of extraterrestrial

44、 desolation.Despite the unearthly aspect of the dry valleys, some scientists believe they may carry a message of hope of the verdant parts of the earth. Some scientists believe that in some cases the dry valleys may soak up pollutants faster than pollutants enter them.1.What is the point the author

45、made in Paragraph One?2.How are east and west of Transantarctic Mountain different from each other?3.What would the result be if the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared?4.Which of the following about dry valleys is true?5.What is the best title for this passage?问题1选项A.Antarctica is a space station

46、established by USA .B.Antarctica imitates world environment.C.Antarctica has serious pollutions.D.Antarctica is a better place to do certain scientific research.问题2选项A.East side is warmer than west side.B.East side is more than 14000 feet high.C.Ice in east side is above sea level.D.Ice in west side

47、 is above sea level.问题3选项A.The western part of the continent would be disappeared.B.The western part of the continent would be reduced.C.The western part of the continent would become scattered Islands.D.The western part of the continent would be reduced to a cluster of Islands.问题4选项A.they have noth

48、ing left inside and becomes discarded.B.they may be the hope of environmental problems in our planet.C.they never held glaciers in its long history.D.They are useless to scientists as nothing is left behind.问题5选项A.Antarctica: Earths Early-Warning station. .B.Antarctica and environmental Problems.C.A

49、ntarctica: a Unique Observation Post.D.Antarctica: a Mysterious Place.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。题目提问作者在第1段中提出了什么要点？文章第一段大意是“南极洲实际上已经成为一种太空站：一个独特的观测站，用来探测世界环境的变化。南极洲远离污染，又不同于其它任何地方，普遍存在着复杂的地质和生态环境，所以，这里可以得到更敏锐又易解释的科学测量结果。”所以作者提出的要点是D选项“南极洲是进行某些科学研究的更好之地”。2.细节事实题。题目提问跨南极山脉的东西有何不同？根据文章第三

50、段中第二句和第三句“The part of the continent to the east of the mountains is a high plateau covered by an ice sheet nearly two miles thick. West of the mountain, the half of the continent south of the Americas is also covered by an ice sheet, but there the ice rests on rock that is mostly well below sea leve

51、l. 山脉“东部”的大陆部分是一个被近两英里厚的冰原覆盖的高原。在山脉的“西部”，美洲南部大陆的一半也被冰原覆盖，但是那里的冰主要是在低于海平面的岩石上。”确定C选项“东部的冰高于海平面” 正确。3.细节事实题。题目提问如果南极西部冰盾消失，结果会是什么？根据文章第三段中最后一句“If the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared, the western part of the continent would be reduced to a sparse cluster of island. 如果南极西部冰盖消失，大陆西部将会变成一个稀疏的岛屿群。”确定D

52、选项“大陆西部成为一群岛屿”正确。4.细节事实题。题目提问关于干河谷，下列哪个是真的？根据文章第五段第一句“Despite the unearthly aspect of the dry valleys, some scientists believe they may carry a message of hope of the verdant parts of the earth. 尽管这些干谷看上去不像地球，但一些科学家认为，它们可能为地球上青翠的地方带来了希望。”确定B选项“他们可能为地球上绿色地区带来了希望的信息”正确。5.主旨大意题。题目提问这篇文章最适合的标题是？文章谈论南极洲科

53、研考察的重要性，以及介绍其相关的环境特色和问题，所以B选项“南极洲和环境问题”是最适合的标题。6. 单选题China and U.S. made a（ ）trade agreement.问题1选项A.unilateralB.unanimousC.sophisticatedD.reciprocal【答案】D【解析】A选项 “单边的，单方面的”； B选项 “无异议的”； C选项 “精致的，久经世故的”； D 选项“互惠的”；根据句意中国和美国达成了互惠贸易协定。确定D选项正确。7. 单选题One argument used to support the idea that employment w

54、ill continue to be the dominant form of work, and that employment will eventually become available for all who want it, is that working time will continue to fall. People in jobs will work fewer hours in the day, fewer days in the week, fewer weeks in the year, and fewer years in a lifetime, than th

55、ey do now. This will mean that more jobs will be available for more people. This, it is said, is the way we should set about restoring full employment.There is no doubt that something of this kind will happen. The shorter working week, longer holidays, earlier retirement, job-sharingthese and other

56、ways of reducing the amount of time people spend on their jobsare certainly likely to spread. A mix of part-time paid work and part-time unpaid work is likely to become a much more common work pattern than today, and a flexi-life pattern of work-involving paid employment at certain stages of life, b

57、ut not at otherswill become widespread. But it is surely unrealistic to assume that this will make it possible to restore full employment as the dominant form of work.In the first place, so long as employment remains the overwhelmingly important form of work and source of income for most people, it

58、is very difficult to see how reductions in employees working time can take place on a scale sufficiently large and at a pace sufficiently fast to make it possible to share out the available paid employment to everyone who wants it. Such negotiations as there have recently been, for example in Britai

59、n and Germany, about the possibility of introducing a 35-hour working week, have highlighted some of the difficulties. But, secondly, if changes of this kind were to take place at a pace and on a scale sufficient to make it possible to share employment among all who wanted it, the resulting situatio

60、nin which most people would not be working in their jobs for more than two or three short days a weekcould hardly continue to be one in which employment was still regarded as the only truly valid form of work. There would be so many people spending so much of their time on other activities, includin

61、g other forms of useful work, that the primacy of employment would be bound to be called into question, at least to some extent.1.The author uses the negotiations in Britain and Germany as an example to（ ）.2.At the end of the passage the author seems to imply that as a result of shorter working time

62、（ ）.3.The authors attitude towards future full employment is generally （ ）.问题1选项A.support reductions in employees working timeB.indicate employees are unwilling to share jobsC.prove the possibility of sharing paid employmentD.show that employment will lose its dominance问题2选项A.employment may not reta

63、in its usual importanceB.employment may not be regarded as valid workC.people can be engaged in far less unpaid workD.people can be engaged in far more unpaid work问题3选项A.supportiveB.waveringC.skepticalD.unclear【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。本题是问作者用英国和德国的谈判这个例子的目的是什么。由本文最后一段中的内容“it is very difficult to see how reductions in employees working rime can take place on a scale sufficiently large and at a pace sufficiently fast to make it possible to share out the available paid employment to everyone who wants it. Such negotiations as there have recently been, for example in Britain and Germany,