考研考博-考博英语-东北大学模拟考试题含答案49

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1、考研考博-考博英语-东北大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题Fiber-optic cables can carry hundreds of telephone conversations （ ）.问题1选项A.simultaneouslyB.spontaneouslyC.homogeneouslyD.contemporarily【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项simultaneously“同时地”；B选项spontaneously“自发地；自然地；不由自主地”；C选项homogeneously“同样地”；D选项contemporarily“当今；时下；眼前”。句意：光缆能同时地传递数以

2、百计的电话交流。结合句意，A选项正确。2. 翻译题Stanford opened its doors in 1891, and more than a century later, it remains dedicated to finding solutions to the great challenges of the day and to preparing our students for leadership in todays complex world.Stanford students stand out for their academic excellence. They

3、 come from throughout the United States and the world, representing demographic, economic and cultural diversity. Students are admitted on a need-blind basis, and the university ensures that no admitted student is unable to attend. Once here, students discover that exploration, challenge and curiosi

4、ty are limited only by their desires.Stanford is unusual among great universities in having seven schools on one campus: Humanities and Sciences, Law, Medicine, Business, Earth Sciences, Engineering and Education. This breadth provides students with unparalleled freedom to cross departmental boundar

5、ies and discover intellectual and personal passions. Creative thinking, problem-solving, and research are central to the academic programs at Stanford and learning takes place in an environment of intimate collaboration.From Nobel Prize winners to undergraduates, all members of Stanford are engaged

6、in creating new knowledge, whether in sciences, business, arts or wherever their interests lie. Stanford is particularly noted for its openness to multidisciplinary research not only within its schools and departments, but also in its laboratories, institutes, libraries and research centers.Living a

7、nd learning are intimately intertwined at Stanford. Extra-curricular programs, organizations, performances, forums and athletics beckon students, faculty and staff, as well as neighbors from the communities around us.Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese and write the answer on

8、your ANSWER SHEET.【答案】【参考译文】斯坦福大学成立于1891年，在之后的一个多世纪，一直致力于寻求应对如今巨大挑战的方法并且为学生在当今复杂世界中成为领导阶层而做准备。斯坦福大学的学生因其优异的学业而引人注目。他们来自于美国及世界各地，体现着人口、经济和文化的多样性。该校招生不考虑学生支付能力，并确保所有被录取学生都能上学。只要进入这里，学生们发现探索、挑战和好奇的唯一制约因素就是自身的渴望。和其他著名大学的不同在于，斯坦福大学一个校区有七所学院：人文科学院、法律学院、医学院、商学院、地球科学院、工程学院和教育学研究院。这使得学生可以自由跨越不同的学院界限，发掘个人的求知欲

9、。在斯坦福大学的课程体系中，创造性思维、问题解决和研究能力是非常重要的，而学习也是在一种密切协作的环境中进行的。斯坦福大学的所有成员，从诺贝尔奖得主到在校本科生，都致力于创造新知识，不论是在科学、经济还是艺术领域，还是在任何其兴趣所在的领域。斯坦福大学因其公开性的多领域研究而著名。研究既可以在院校范围之内进行，也可以在实验室、研究所、图书馆或者研究中心进行。在斯坦福大学，生活和学习是互为一体的。课外活动、组织机构、表演、论坛以及体育运动不仅吸引着学生和教职员工，也吸引着附近社区的邻居。3. 单选题The schoolmaster（ ）the girls bravery in his openi

10、ng speech.问题1选项A.applaudedB.enhancedC.elevatedD.clapped【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项applaud“赞同；称赞”；B选项enhance“提高；加强；增加”；C选项elevate“提高；举起；抬高”；D选项clap“拍手；鼓掌；轻轻拍打某人”。句意：校长在开幕致辞上称赞了这个女孩的勇敢行为。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题Now a paper in Science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly from（ ）on earth rather than ba

11、cteria on Mars.问题1选项A.configurationB.constitutionC.condemnationD.contamination【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项configuration“配置；结构；外形”；B选项constitution“宪法；体制；构造；结构”；C选项condemnation“谴责；定罪；非难的理由”；D选项contamination“污染，玷污；污染物”。句意：如今科学杂志上有一篇论文认为，岩石中的有机化合物大多数来自地球本身的结构，而不是火星上的细菌。结合句意，B选项正确。5. 单选题The jungle frightened th

12、e travelers because it seemed（ ）.问题1选项A.abismalB.abbysmalC.abyzmalD.abysmal【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A，B以及C选项不是正确的英文单词；D选项 abysmal“深不可测的”。句意：这个丛林使旅行者惊恐万分，因为它似乎是深不可测的。根据句意，D选项正确。6. 单选题What is the best wood to burn in the home fireplace? Choose the kind of wood to burn is like choosing a bottle of wine. Each

13、 choice you can make has something different to offer. Woods differ in the scent they give off and in the heat they provide. The kind of wood you will choose depends on your own needs and tastes.Pine, spruce, and fir are soft and easy to light. They burn quickly with a hot flame. However, a fire bui

14、lt from these woods burns out quickly. This kind of fire requires a lot of attention. It needs new logs added to keep the fire burning. A fire built from softwoods might be ideal for you at certain times. You may want a quick warming fire that will burn out before you go to bed.For a long-lasting fi

15、re, it is best to use heavier woods. These would be ash, beech, birch, maple, and oak. These woods dont burn as fast. Oak gives the most even and shortest flames. It also produces steady, glowing coals. When you have several oak logs burning in your grate, you can settle back for a steady show of fl

16、ame.If you want a good-smelling fire, use the wood from fruit trees. Apple, cherry, and nut trees all produce pleasant scents. Their smoke usually smells like the trees fruit.By mixing softwoods with hardwoods, you can get a long-lasting, easy-to-light fire. Later, by adding some fruitwood, you can

17、produce a pleasant scent as well.As a rule, no more than four logs are needed to make a good fire. Adjust the logs to maintain the flames. Push the ends of the logs in the flames from time to time. Add kindling and new logs as needed to rekindle a dying flame. Rake coals toward the front of the grat

18、e before adding new logs and put new logs at the rear. There they will reflect light and heat into the room.Let only an inch or two of ash collects at the bottom of the grate. Any more than this can ruin the andirons. Too much ash blocks the flow of air to the fire. Some ash is needed to form the be

19、d for the glowing coals that drop through the grate. They help to hold the heat and direct drafts of air up to the base of the fire.1.What is the main idea of this article?2.Spruce burns with a （ ）.3.In order to get more heat out of your fireplace, you should （ ）.问题1选项A.Fruitwood does not burn well

20、in the fireplace.B.Wet wood is easy dried in a home fireplace.C.You should choose your fireplace wood carefully.D.Heavier woods can keep a long-lasting fire.问题2选项A.cold flameB.hot flameC.short flameD.steady flame问题3选项A.add new logs to the back of the fireB.clean your chimney once a yearC.rake coals

21、toward the rear of the fireplaceD.ruin the andirons【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A【解析】1.【试题解析】主旨大意题。本文主要谈及壁炉选择木材取决于需要和品味。可以得知C选项“你应该仔细选择你的壁炉木材”符合题意。2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键词spruce可以定位到文章第二段中“Pine, spruce, and fir are soft and easy to light. They burn quickly with a hot flame.”，中文翻译为：松树、云杉和冷杉因柔软而容易点燃。它们迅速燃烧，火焰很热。因此B选

22、项正确。3.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数二段“As a rule, no more than four logs are needed to make a good fire. Adjust the logs to maintain the flames. Push the ends of the logs in the flames from time to time. Add kindling and new logs as needed to rekindle a dying flame. Rake coals toward the front of the grat

23、e before adding new logs and put new logs at the rear. There they will reflect light and heat into the room.”，中文翻译为：一般说来，生一堆好火不需要超过四根木头。调整原木以保持火焰。不时地把木柴的末端推入火焰中。添加引物和新的原木，以重新点燃即将熄灭的火焰。在添加新原木之前，把煤耙到炉排前面，并把新原木放在后面。在那里，它们将把光和热反射进房间。故A为正确选项。7. 单选题The （ ）consists of two main houses and 100 acres of meado

24、w.问题1选项A.estateB.embassyC.enterpriseD.establishment【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项estate“房地产；财产；身份”；B选项embassy“大使馆；大使馆全体人员”；C选项enterprise“企业；事业；进取心”；D选项establishment“确立，制定；公司；设施”。句意：这个地产包含两个主房和100英亩牧场。结合此处语境，A选项正确。8. 单选题On an average of six times a day, a doctor in Holland practices “active” euthanasia: inten

25、tionally administering a lethal drug to a terminally ill patient who has asked to be relieved of suffering. Twenty times a day, life-prolonging treatment is withheld or withdrawn when there is no hope that it can affect an ultimate cure. “Active” euthanasia remains a crime on the Dutch statute books

26、 punishable by 12 years in prison. But a series of court cases over the past 15 years has made it clear that a competent physician who carries it out will not be prosecuted.Euthanasia, often called “mercy killing”, is a crime everywhere in Western Europe. But more and more doctors and nurses in Brit

27、ain, Germany, Holland and elsewhere readily admit to practicing it, most often in the “passive” form of withholding or withdrawing treatment. The long simmering euthanasia issue has lately boiled over into a sometimes fierce public debate, with both sides claiming the mantle of ultimate righteousnes

28、s. Those opposed to the practice see themselves up-holding sacred principles of respect for life, while those in favor raise the banner of humane treatment. After years on the defensive, the advocates now seem to be gaining ground. Recent polls in Britain show that 72 percent of British subjects fav

29、or euthanasia in some circumstances. An astonishing 76 percent of respondents to a poll taken late last year in France said they would like the law changed to decriminalize mercy killings.Reasons for the latest surge of interest in euthanasia are not hard to find. Europeans, like Americans, are now

30、living longer. The average European male now lives to the age of 72, woman to almost 8A.s Derek Humphrey, a leading British advocate of “rational euthanasia”, says, “lingering chronic diseases have replaced critical illness as the primary cause of death.”And so the euthanasists have begun to press t

31、heir case with greater force. They argue that every human being should have the right to “die with dignity”, by which they usually mean the right to escape the horrors of a painful or degrading hospitalization. Most advocates of voluntary euthanasia have argued that the right to die should be accord

32、ed only to the terminally and incurably ill, but the movement also includes a small minority who believe in euthanasia for anyone who rationally decides to take his own life.That right is unlikely to get legal recognition any time in the near future. Even in the Netherlands, the proposals now before

33、 Parliament would restrict euthanasia to a small number of cases and would surround even those with elaborate safeguards.1.According to Paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true?2.Euthanasia is, often called “mercy killing”, which implies that（ ）.3. “Boiled over” (Line 4, Para. 2) means （ ）.4.

34、Most advocates of voluntary euthanasia hold that （ ）.5.The authors attitude towards euthanasia is （ ）.问题1选项A.“Active” euthanasia is regarded as a crime by Dutch law.B.The doctor who carries out euthanasia will be charged.C.An unqualified doctor carrying out euthanasia will be accused.D.“Active” euth

35、anasia executives will be sentenced to 12 years imprisonment.问题2选项A.people should show sympathy for a terminally ill patientB.some doctors murder patients shielding themselves from mercyC.humane treatment to dying patients should be requiredD.the dying patients are suffering from the pain and they d

36、ont want to live on问题3选项A.burst (into)B.make the water hot enough to boilC.cause great angerD.fight one another问题4选项A.only terminally ill patients can have euthanasiaB.if anyone who rationally decides to end his life, he can have euthanasiaC.people should respect lifeD.no matter what punishment they

37、 get, they will carry out euthanasia to patients问题5选项A.positiveB.negativeC.objectiveD.uncertain【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。A选项“主动的安乐死被荷兰法律认为是一种犯罪”和D选项“主动安乐死的执行者将被判12年的监禁”可以定位到文章首段中 “ Active euthanasia remains a crime on the Dutch statute books punishable by 12 years in prison.”中文翻

38、译为：主动的安乐死在荷兰的法典上仍然是一种需判刑12年的监禁。C选项“实行安乐死的不合格医生将会被控告”可以定位到文章首段“But a series of court cases over the past 15 years has made it clear that a competent physician who carries it out will not be prosecuted.”中文翻译为：但是过去15年的一系列法庭案件却明确表示，实行安乐死的称职医生将不被指控。同时可知B选项“实行安乐死的医生将会被起诉”与文章不符合，故选B。2.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干关键词“me

39、rcy killing”可以定位到原文第二段“while those in favor raise the banner of humane treatment.”中文翻译为：而那些安乐死的支持者却高举人道对待的旗帜。可知C项正确，译为“垂死的病人应该需要人道的对待”。3.【试题解析】词汇题。A：爆发（成）；B：让水热得足以沸腾；C：造成巨大的愤怒；D：相互打架。题干关键词“boil over”意为：爆发。因此A选项正确。4.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键词most advocates of voluntary euthanasia可以定位到原文倒数第二段中“Most advocates

40、of voluntary euthanasia have argued that the right to die should be accorded only to the terminally and incurably ill”，中文翻译为：大多数自愿安乐死的支持者认为，去死的权利应该只给予晚期绝症病人，可以得知A选项“只有晚期绝症病人可以安乐死”正确。5.【试题解析】观点态度题。A: positive“积极的”；B: negative“消极的”；C: objective“客观的”；D: uncertain“不确定的”。全文作者都是用客观的态度来描述安乐死这个话题，因此可以推测出C选项

41、正确。9. 单选题When bread prices rose, Vladkhleb, a bakery, asked the krai and city for help in holding down prices. Here is a letter it wrote, published in the Vladivostok Times Sept. 9, 2007Dear Residents of Vladivostok:The staff and Board of Directors of Vladkhleb cant keep silent in the current wild s

42、ituation when prices for all existing products are skyrocketing unbelievably. And while we somewhat indifferently watch enormous figures on price tags for delicacy products, every kopeck of extra charge for the staples causes a real panic. We perfectly realize that, and thats why we have kept bread

43、prices affordable for all this time. Even after the rise of prices we have tried to keep the past prices for as long as possible.At the moment all our reserves are exhausted. Stocks of bread-baking ingredients such as flour, sugar, butter and the like are running out. To buy what we need at reasonab

44、le prices is virtually impossible today.However, we cannot temporize. We all need bread every day, which means we will be forced to buy everything we need at much higher prices. What this means perhaps doesnt need to be explained.The cost of bread closely depends on ingredients. Another financial cr

45、isis has led to a 50%300% increase of prices for butler, vegetable oil, all types of margarine, yeast and other as of September 1. All these prices continue to grow every hour.Because of this, Vladkhleb came to the critical point where it is necessary to raise prices of its products. Otherwise, we w

46、ill just destroy a most powerful bread enterprise. Should Vladkhleb shut down, the bread price will get out of hand.Our economists projected the situation for the near future considering the growing flour cost. With the cost of flour at 2.18 rubles per kilogram at the start of September, the retail

47、bread price was to be 4.36 rubles. With an increase of flour cost to 4 rubles per kilogram, bread price will grow to 6.17 rubles. Further growth will be possible.So it turns out that bread may rank with delicacy products. Is there another way out? Yes. It is already put into practice by leaders of o

48、ther cities and regions. For example, Moscow Mayor Yury Luzhkov used the press in the very first days of the crisis to tell the residents that he had decided to subsidize the bread industry so that not to allow prices for this type of food to rise. There were no objections. So did Khabarovsk there t

49、hey pay subsidies for bread baking ingredients.Incidentally, the city and krai administrations already have the experience of supporting our plants. Rather than artificially holding back prices, they employed loans and waivers and the like. At this point all the city and krai offices of authority as

50、 well as deputies at all levels could consider our propositions such as:Granting waivers on taxes to krai and city budgets;Establishing lower prices for electric and thermal energy for a program of bread production;Facilitating in reception of customs duty and tax waivers from the federal government

51、 for imported grain;Recovery of Pacific Fleets debts in the amount of 6 million rubles (calculated as of August 2007) for supplied products;Lowering rent for premises and plots.Any of these possible measures will help Vladkhleb contain the growth of prices for its products. Despite of our SOS signal

52、, no measures have been taken as yet. We have found ourselves in the same situation as any of you. We see the situation changing steadily for the worse. We will not cope with that alone.We see one recourse: Raise the bread price minimally and cancel our free plastic bag service. But what is next? Th

53、is is the concern of all the 700 employees and the board of Vladkhleb.Every extra kopeck in the cost of bread upsets you and us very much. Making our sincere apologies for a forced increase of the bread price, we hope for your understanding and support. Today and tomorrow we are with you, as usual.T

54、he Staff and Board of Vladkhleb1.In this open letter Vladkhleb explains to the people of Vladivostok that （ ）.2.A possible solution to the crisis, Vladkhleb suggests is （ ）.3.“So it turns out that bread may rank with delicacy products,” means （ ）.4.Vladkhleb has decided not to shut down because, the

55、y say, （ ）.5.One of Vladkhleb propositions to the local authorities “Recovery of Pacific Fleets debts in the amount of 6 million rubles (calculated as of August 2007) for supplied products.” Means （ ）.问题1选项A.they can no longer supply breadB.the price of bread will trebleC.all reserves of bread-makin

56、g ingredients have been depletedD.it will have to close down问题2选项A.to use ingredients of a lower qualityB.to cut the workers wagesC.to urge people to eat less breadD.to have the bread price subsidized by the authorities问题3选项A.that bread has become much tastier in recent monthsB.that bread has become

57、 as expensive as caviarC.that bread has become an article many people can no longer affordD.that bread has become more crispy in recent months问题4选项A.the organization still has a lot of outstanding debtsB.otherwise the price of bread may get out of handC.otherwise the distribution of bread may end up

58、 in the hands of the mafiaD.their employees are loyal and hard-working问题5选项A.that the army still owes the bakery a lot of money for bread delivered in the pastB.that Vladkhleb still owes a lot of money to the army for ingredients that it supplied in the pastC.that the local authorities should ask fo

59、r more funds from Moscow which would otherwise end up with the Pacific FleetD.that the local authorities should pay back the debt immediately【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文第四段“At the moment all our reserves are exhausted. Stocks of bread-baking ingredients such as flour, su

60、gar, butter and the like are running out.”中文翻译为：此刻，我们所有的储备已用完。诸如面粉、糖、黄油和类似的面包烘焙原料正在耗尽。因此C选项“所有面包制作的原料已经被耗尽”符合题意。2.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第九段“For example, Moscow Mayor Yury Luzhkov used the press in the very first days of the crisis to tell the residents that he had decided to subsidize the bread indu

61、stry so that not to allow prices for this type of food to rise.”中文翻译为：例如，莫斯科市长Yury Luzhkov在危机出现的头几天里通过新闻界告诉居民，他已决定补助面包行业，以便不让这类食品的价格上涨。对应D选项“让面包价格受到政府补助”。因此D项符合题意。3.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到文章第八段“With an increase of flour cost to 4 rubles per kilogram, bread price will grow to 6.17 rubles. Further growt

62、h will be possible.”中文翻译为：随着面粉价格上涨至每公斤4卢布，面包的价格将上涨至6.17卢布。进一步的价格上涨将是可能的。可知答案为C项“面包已变成一种很多人不再能负担得起的商品”。4.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到原文第七段“Should Vladkhleb shut down, the bread price will get out of hand.”中文翻译为：如果Vladkhleb面包店停业，那么面包价格将失去控制。因此B项“否则，面包价格可能失去控制”正确。5.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到原文倒数第五段“Recovery of Pac

63、ific Fleet s debts in the amount of 6 million rubles (calculated as of August 2007) for supplied products.”中文翻译为：收回太平洋舰队因产品供应欠的六百万卢布债务（计算截止时间为2007年8月）。因此可知答案为C“当地政府应该向莫斯科要求更多资金，否则，最终要求莫斯科支付太平洋舰队所欠当地政府的债务”。10. 翻译题Our country assumes a practical and active posture in the pursuit of world peace. The Un

64、ited Nations has had no more consistent supporter than this country for its charter and the work of its specialized agencies. We take part in many UN activities and have served on many of its bodies, including the Security Council. (1) Among the specialized agencies and subsidiary bodies what we support are those assisting