考研考博-考博英语-西北工业大学模拟考试题含答案39

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1、考研考博-考博英语-西北工业大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题Cyberspace, data superhighways, multimediafor those who have seen the future, the linking of computers, television and telephones will change our lives forever. Yet for all the talk of a forthcoming technological utopia little attention has been given to the implication

2、s of these developments for the poor. As with all new high technology, while the West concerns itself with the how, the question of “for whom” is put aside once again.Economists are only now realizing the full extent to which the communications revolution has affected the world economy. Information

3、technology allows the extension of trade across geographical and industrial boundaries, and transnational corporations take full advantage of it. Terms of trade, exchange and interest rates and money movements are more important than the production of goods. The electronic economy made possible by i

4、nformation technology allows the haves to increase their control on global marketwith destructive impact on the have-nots.For them the result is instability. Developing countries which rely on the production of a small range of goods for export are made to feel like small parts in the international

5、economic machine. As “futures” are traded on computer screens, developing countries simply have less and less control of their destinies. So what are the options for regaining control? One alternative is for developing countries to buy in the latest computers and telecommunications themselves so-cal

6、led “development communications” modernization. Yet this leads to long-term dependency and perhaps permanent constraints on developing countries economies.Communications technology is generally exported from the U.S. Europe, or Japan; the patents, skills and ability to manufacture remain in the hand

7、s of a few industrialized countries. It is also expensive, and imported products and services must therefore be bought on credit-credit usually provided by the very countries whose companies stand to gain.Furthermore, when new technology is introduced there is often too low a level of expertise to e

8、xploit it for native development. This means that while local elites, foreign communities and subsidiaries of transitional corporations may benefit, those whose lives depend on access to the information are denied it.1.From the passage we know that the development of high technology is in the intere

9、st of（ ）.2.It can be inferred from the passage that（ ）.3.Why does the author say that the electronic economy may have a destructive impact developing countries?4.The development of modern communications technology in developing countries may（ ）.5.The authors attitude toward the communications revolu

10、tion is （ ）.问题1选项A.the rich countriesB.scientific developmentC.the eliteD.the world economy问题2选项A.international trade should be expandedB.the international of the poor countries have not been given enough considerationC.the exports of the poor countries should be increasedD.communications technology

11、 in the developing countries should be modernized问题3选项A.Because it enables the developed countries to control the international market.B.Because it destroys the economic balance of the poor countriesC.Because it violates the national boundaries of the poor countries.D.Because it inhibits the industr

12、ial growth of developing countries.问题4选项A.hinder their industrial productionB.cause them to lose control of their tradeC.force them to reduce their share of exportsD.cost them their economic independence问题5选项A.positiveB.riticalC.indifferentD.tolerant【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第二段最后

13、一句提到“信息科技使得电子经济成为可能，这将让富裕国家加强对全球市场的控制，而对贫困国家则是毁灭性的影响”（The electronic economy made possible by information technology allows the haves to increase their control on global marketwith destructive impact on the have-nots），由此可知，高科技的发展意味着富裕国家的利益不断增加，选项A符合题意。第2题:推理判断题。文章第一段提到对于那些看得见未来的人来说，计算机、电视和电话将永远改变我们的

14、生活；但是却很少有人关注这些科技的发展对穷人的影响（for those who have seen the future, the linking of computers, television and telephones will change our lives forever. Yet for all the talk of a forthcoming technological utopia little attention has been given to the implications of these developments for the poor），由此可知贫困国家

15、的利益并没有得到重视，选项B符合题意。第3题:推理判断题。文章第二段最后一句提到“信息科技使得电子经济成为可能，这将让富裕国家加强对全球市场的控制，而对贫困国家则是毁灭性的影响”（The electronic economy made possible by information technology allows the haves to increase their control on global marketwith destructive impact on the have-nots），由此可知，由于电子经济会使得全球市场掌控在富裕国家手中，因而贫穷国家的利益将会受到损害，选项

16、A符题意。第4题:细节事实题。文章第三段主要讲述了通信技术对发展中国家的影响。文章提到发展中国家对自己命运的掌控越来越少，为了重新获得控制权，它们会考虑通信现代化（“development communications” modernization），但是这样做的后果是会导致长期依赖和对本国经济永久地制约（Yet this leads to long-term dependency and perhaps permanent constraints on developing countries economies），由此可知选项D“付出了经济独立的代价”符合题意。第5题:观点态度题。文章讨论

17、的主要内容是通信技术对发展中国家的负面影响，作者对此是持否定态度的，因此，选项B“批判的”符合题意。2. 单选题Heavy rainfall in the south of England means that flooding is（ ）.问题1选项A.imminentB.momentousC.transientD.prospective【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。imminent “即将发生的；迫近的”；momentous “重要的；重大的”；transient “短暂的；路过的”；prospective “未来的；预期的”。句意：英格兰南部的暴雨意味着即将有洪水发生。选项A符合

18、题意。3. 单选题The police chief announced that the deaths of two young girls would soon be inquired（ ）.问题1选项A.aboutB.ofC.intoD.after【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。inquire about “询问；查问；打听 ”；inquire of “询问；打听” inquire into “ 调查；追究”； inquire after “问候；询问起”。句意：警察局长宣布着两位年轻女孩的死因将马上被调查。选项C符合题意。4. 写作题Read the following passage

19、carefully and then write a summary of it in English in about 120 words. The summary you make should demonstrate your verbal skills in organizing the original information and keep the word limit. Write your summary on the ANSWER SHEET.Developments in 19th century Europe are bounded by two great event

20、s. The French Revolution broke out in 1789, and its effects reverberated throughout much of Europe for many decades. World War began in 1914. Its inception resulted from many trends in European society, culture, and diplomacy during the late 19th century. In between these boundariesthe one opening a

21、 new set of trends, the other bringing long-standing tensions to a headmuch of modern Europe was defined.Europe during this 125-year span was both united and deeply divided. A number of basic cultural trends, including new literary styles and the spread of science, ran through the entire continent.

22、European states were increasingly locked in diplomatic interaction, culminating in continent wide alliance system after 1871. At the same time, this was the century of growing nationalism, in which individual states jealously protected their identities and indeed established more rigorous border con

23、trols than ever before. Finally, the European continent was to an extent divided between two zones of differential development. Changes such as the Industrial Revolution and political liberalization spread first and fastest in Western EuropeBritain, France, the Low Countries, Scandinavia, and, to an

24、 extent, Germany and Italy. Eastern and southern Europe, more rural at the outset of the period, changed more slowly and in somewhat different ways.Europe witnessed important common patterns and increasing interconnections, but these developments must be assessed in terms of nation-state divisions a

25、nd, even more, of larger regions, differences. Some trends, including the ongoing impact of the French Revolution, ran through virtually the entire 19th century. Other characteristics, however, had a shorter life span.Some historians prefer to divide 19th century history into relatively small chunks

26、. Thus 1789-1815 is defined by the French Revolution and Napoleon; 1815-48 forms a period of reaction and adjustment; 1848-1871 is dominated by a new round of revolution and the unifications of the German and Italian nations; and 1871-1914, an age of imperialism, is shaped by new kinds of political

27、debate and the pressures that culminated in war. Overriding these important markers, however, a simpler division can also be useful. Between 1789 and 1849 Europe dealt with the forces of political revolution and the first impact of the Industrial Revolution. Between 1849 and 1914 a fuller industrial

28、 society emerged, including new forms of states and of diplomatic and military alignments. The mid-19th century, in either formulation, looms as a particularly important point of transition within the extended 19th century.【答案】【参考例文】The French Revolution and World War played important roles in devel

29、opments in 19th century Europe. Social, cultural and diplomatic factors formed modern Europe. From 1789 to 1914, Europe span was both united and deeply divided. European states were relatively stable until 1871. At the same time, nationalism appeared. Western Europe developed fast, while Eastern and

30、 Southern Europe changed slowly. During this period, some trends lasted for a long time, such as the French Revolution, while other trends had a shorter life of span. Some historians prefer to divide 19th century history into four chunks: 1789-1815, 1815-48, 1848-1871, 1871-1914. There was also a si

31、mpler and useful division: 1789-1849 and 1849-1914. In either formulation, the mid-19th century is an important point of transition in the European history.5. 单选题The police, trying to（ ）exactly who was at the party, are investigating every person concerned.问题1选项A.ascertainB.arrestC.imagineD.count【答案

32、】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。ascertain “确定；查明”；arrest “逮捕；阻止”；imagine “想象；猜想”；count “计算；认为”。句意：警察试图查明有谁参加了那场聚会，正在调查每一个人。选项A符合题意。6. 单选题Taking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some very prevalent myth. At the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is measured by your ability to solve complex pro

33、blems; to read, write and compute at certain levels; and to resolve abstract equations quickly. This vision of intelligence asserts formal education and bookish excellence as the true measures of self-fulfillment. It encourages a kind of intellectual prejudice that has brought with it some discourag

34、ing results. We have come to believe that someone who has more educational merit badges, who is very good at some form of school discipline, is “intelligent”. Yet mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates. A truer indicator of intelligence is an eff

35、ective, happy life lived each day and each present moment of every day.If you are happy, if you live each moment for everything its worth, then you are an intelligent person. Problem solving is a useful help to your happiness, but if you know that given your inability to resolve a particular concern

36、 you can still choose happiness for yourself, or at a minimum refuse to choose unhappiness, then you are intelligent. You are intelligent because you have the ultimate weapon against the big N.B.D. Nervous Break Down.“Intelligent” people do not have N.B.D. s because they are in charge of themselves.

37、 They know how to choose happiness over depression; because they know how to deal with the problems of their lives.You can begin to think of yourself as truly intelligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances. The life struggles are pretty much the same for each

38、of us. Everyone who is involved with other human beings in every social context has similar difficulties. Disagreements, conflicts and compromises are a part of what it means to be human. Similarly, money, growing old, sickness, deaths, natural disasters and accidents are all events which present pr

39、oblems to virtually all human beings. But some people are able to make it, to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences, while others collapse or have a N.B.D. Those who recognize problems as a human condition and dont measure happiness by an absence of problems are the

40、most intelligent kind of human we know; also, the most rare.1.According to the author, the conventional notion of intelligence measured in terms of ones ability to read, write and compute（ ） .2.It is implied in the passage that holding a university degree（ ） .3.The author thinks that an intelligent

41、person knows（ ） .4.In the last paragraph, the author tells us that（ ） .5.What kind of people are rare according to the passage?问题1选项A.is widely held but wrong conceptB.will help eliminate intellectual prejudiceC.is the root of all mental distressD.will contribute to ones self-fulfillment问题2选项A.may r

42、esult in ones inability to solve complex real-life problemsB.does not indicate ones ability to write properly worded documentsC.may make one mentally sick and physically weakD.does not mean that one is highly intelligent问题3选项A.how to put up with some very prevalent mythsB.how to find the best way to

43、 achieve success in lifeC.how to avoid depression and make his life worthwhileD.how to persuade others to compromise问题4选项A.difficulties are but part of everyones lifeB.depression and unhappiness are unavoidable in lifeC.everybody should learn to avoid trying circumstancesD.good feelings can contribu

44、te to eventual academic excellence问题5选项A.Those who dont emphasize bookish excellence in their pursuit of happiness.B.Those who are aware of difficulties in life but know how to avoid unhappiness.C.Those who measure happiness by an absence of problems but seldom suffer from N.B.D.s.D.Those who are ab

45、le to secure happiness though having to struggle against trying circumstances.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:细节事实题。题目问的是“在传统概念中，智力是根据人的读、写和计算能力来衡量的，作者对此的看法是什么？”文章第一段第一句提到“掌控自己能让一些流行的错误观念结束” （Taking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some very prevalent myth），接着作者又提到位于这些错误观念之首的便是智力的诠释。

46、因此，在作者看来，认为“智力是根据人的读写和计算能力来衡量”是错误的，选项A符合题意。第2题:推理判断题。题目问的是“文章中暗示拥有大学学位意味着什么？”文章第一段提到“我们开始相信一个拥有教育荣誉徽章并且擅长某一学科的人是有智力的。然而精神病院很多病人拥有所有形式的证书”（We have come to believe that someone who has more educational merit badges, who is very good at some form of school discipline, is “intelligent”. Yet mental hospi

47、tals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates），由此可知，学历并不代表智力。选项D符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为拥有智力的人知道什么？”文章第二段第一句提到“如果你快乐，如果你每时每刻都为值得的一切生活，那么你就是一个有智力的人”（If you are happy, if you live each moment for everything its worth, then you are an intelligent person），所以在作者看来，有智力的

48、人知道怎样让自己的人生有价值，选项C符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。题目问的是“作者在最后一段告诉了我们什么？”文章最后一段第二、三句提到“我们每个人都要为生存而斗争，这都是一样的。每个人都与他相关联的人有着相似的困难”（The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us. Everyone who is involved with other human beings in every social context has similar difficulties），说明每个人在生活中都会遇上困难，但这只是生活的一部分，选项A符

49、合题意。第5题:细节事实题。题目问的是“由文章可知哪种人很少见？”文章最后一段最后一句话提到“坦诚问题是生活状况的一部分，并且不以没有问题作为衡量快乐的标准的人是有智力的人，但是这种人很稀少”（Those who recognize problems as a human condition and dont measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of human we know; also, the most rare），因此选项B“意识到生活中的困难，但是知道如何避免不快乐的人”符

50、合题意。7. 单选题The proposal was accepted with（ ）approval. Everybody believed it would help revive the national economy.问题1选项A.unanimousB.doubtfulC.pleasantD.searching【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。unanimous “意见一致的”；doubtful “令人生疑的；可疑的”；pleasant “令人愉快的；舒适的”；searching “搜索的；彻查的”。句意：毫无异议地，这项提议被通过。所有人都认为它能振兴国家经济。选项A符合题意。

51、8. 单选题John Fisher, a builder, and his wife Elizabeth wanted more living space, so they left their small flat for an old-metre-high castle tower. They have spent five years turning it into a beautiful home with six floors, winning three architectural prizes.“I love the space, and being private，” Eliz

52、abeth says. “You feel separated from the world. If Im in the kitchen, which is 25 metres above the ground floor, and the doorbell rings, I dont have to answer it because visitors cant see Im in!”“There are 142 steps to the top, so if I go up and down five or six times a day, its very good exercise!

53、But having to carry heavy things to the top is terrible, so I never buy more than two bags of shopping from the supermarket at a time. Apart from that, its a brilliant place to live.”“When we first saw the place, I asked my fathers advice about buying it, because we couldnt decide. After paying for

54、it, we were a bit worried because it looked awful. But we really loved it, and knew how we wanted it to look.”“Living here can be difficult-yesterday I climbed a four metre ladder to clean the windows. But when you stand on the roof you can see all the way out to sea on a clear day, and thats a wond

55、erful experience. Im really glad we moved.”1.What is the writer trying to do in the text?2.From this text, a reader can find out（ ） .3.Which of the following best describes Elizabeths feelings about the tower?4.What problem does Elizabeth have with living in such a tall building?5.How will John and

56、Elizabeth advertise their tower if they sell it?问题1选项A.Describe how to turn an old tower into a house.B.Recommend a particular builder.C.Describe what it is like to live in a tower.D.Explain how to win prizes for building work.问题2选项A.why visitors are not welcome at John and Elizabeths houseB.why Eli

57、zabeth exercises every dayC.why Elizabeth asked her father to buy the towerD.why John and Elizabeth left their flat问题3选项A.She wanted it as soon as she saw it.B.She likes most things about it.C.She has been worried since they paid for it.D.She finds it unsuitable to live in.问题4选项A.Her visitors find i

58、t difficult to see if she is at home.B.She feels separated from other people.C.She cannot bring home lots of shopping at once.D.It is impossible to clean any of the windows.问题5选项A.B.C.D.E.png style=max-width: 100%;D.E.png style=max-width: 100%;D.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。文章第一段介绍了Joh

59、n Fisher和他的妻子Elizabeth买了一座城堡，并且花了五年时间将它改造成为一栋六层楼的房子；接着介绍了他们在这栋房子里的生活体验，比如可以不用理会门铃是否会响，买东西不能买太重，因为台阶太多等等。由此可知文章主要在讲述生活在城堡塔的经历，选项C符合题意。第2题:推理判断题。文章第一段第一句话提到“建筑工人John Fisher 和妻子Elizabeth想生活的空间变大一点，所以他们离开了之前的小公寓到了这座又古老又高的城堡”（John Fisher, a builder, and his wife Elizabeth wanted more living space, so the

60、y left their small flat for an old-metre-high castle tower），由此可知选项D符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。文章第二段第一句话提到“我爱这个空间，有私人空间”（I love the space, and being private）；第四段最后一句提到“但是我们真的很爱它”（but we really loved it），由此可知，Elizabeth喜欢这座城堡的大部分东西。选项B符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。文章第三段第二句话提到“但是拿重物上顶楼太恐怖了，所以我一次去超市购物不会超过两袋东西”（But having to carry

61、heavy things to the top is terrible, so I never buy more than two bags of shopping from the supermarket at a time），选项C符合题意。第5题:推理判断题。文章第一段提到“他们花了五年的时间把这座城堡改建成了一座精美的六层楼房子，这栋房子的设计获了三次奖”（They have spent five years turning it into a beautiful home with six floors, winning three architectural prizes），由此可

62、知选项A中的“需要改进”（needs some improvement）不符合，排除；选项C中的“海景”（with sea views）不符合，排除；选项D中的“改造成六个小公寓”（turned into six small flats）不符合，排除。因此选项B符合题意。9. 单选题The palm tree looked as if it （ ）for a long time.问题1选项A.hasnt wateredB.didnt waterC.hadnt been wateredD.wasnt watered【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。As if 引导一个表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的

63、句子。主语的谓语动词是一般过去时，因此虚拟语气的谓语动词要用过去完成时。选项C符合题意。10. 单选题Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a（ ）.问题1选项A.scarcityB.minorityC.minimumD.shortage【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。scarcity “不足，缺乏”；minority “少数，少数派”；minimum“最小值”；shortage “不足，缺少”。句意：大部分护士是女性，但是在更高级别的医疗职业中，女性却只有少数。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题As a general rule, Dad is generous, but as a merchant, he usually drives a hard（ ）.问题1选项A.bargain