考研考博-考博英语-东北大学模拟考试题含答案24

《考研考博-考博英语-东北大学模拟考试题含答案24》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研考博-考博英语-东北大学模拟考试题含答案24（24页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、考研考博-考博英语-东北大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题As with any subject, people learn faster when concentration is high and were actively interested in learning. Being interested and relaxed helps too. In intensely verbal courses the teachers are most effective when they act as a facilitator. Their prime task is to grab at

2、tention, help make sure that the activities are interesting and provide background information, which helps students to actively participate in the lesson and plan and implement effective, complementary home study programs. The student is responsible for keeping himself or herself “Under Pressure” i

3、n the ways mentioned above. Of course this requires that students understand the types of pressure they should take upon themselves and when to back off. Imposed pressure is different in quality to self-imposed pressure, and it is the latter which is appropriate for adult learners, and children too,

4、 I suspect.In the typical actively verbal language class, understanding of the processes needed for effective language acquisition is necessarily inferred by the students. Communicating clearly with everyone in the class is difficult enough, so talking about why an activity is useful is quite likely

5、 to confuse and bemuse rather than enlighten students in a language course. For this reason transparent, open-ended activities with clear task goals form the foundation of any intensely verbal course. In other words, short demonstrations are followed by pair and group work doing the demonstrated act

6、ivity and it is up to the students to make sure they involve themselves while the teacher is trying to target the activities so they are appropriate, allowing the students to discover for themselves ways in which the activity helps achieve their language target. Making activities appropriate is the

7、key, meaning that students should be able to quickly realize that they can vary and extend what they are doing that the example is a starting point, not a prescriptive pattern but a working start point which points them in a direction of exploration.1.What do you think the author has most probably t

8、alked about previously, according to the passage?2.When teachers are mentioned to act as a facilitator, they should be acting （ ）.3.Which of the following statements do you think that the writer will agree to?4.Which of the following statements is true according to the writer of this passage?5.What

9、does the word “transparent” (Para. 2, line 4) mean?问题1选项A.How to learn faster than others.B.How to deal with pressure.C.What to do with interesting subject.D.How to relax oneself while studying.问题2选项A.easilyB.familiarlyC.fastD.helpfully问题3选项A.We should not exert pressure upon ourselves, if possible.

10、B.Imposed pressure and self-imposed pressure are appropriate.C.Imposed pressure may not be helpful in learning things.D.Adults as well as children need certain pressure from outside.问题4选项A.Students should learn verbally by themselves in class.B.Students should be encouraged to follow examples.C.Stud

11、ents should understand all the demonstrations.D.Students should target their activities and achieve them.问题5选项A.opaqueB.unmistakableC.vagueD.questionable【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章首段中“The student is responsible for keeping himself or herself Under Pressure in the ways m

12、entioned above.”，中文翻译为：学生负责通过上面提及的方式来让自己处在压力下。可知B选项“如何应对压力”正确。2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段“Their prime task is to grab attention, help make sure that the activities are interesting and provide background information”，中文翻译为：老师的主要任务是抓住学生的注意力，帮助确保学习活动是有趣的和提供背景信息。可知，D项“有用地”正确。3.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段中

13、“Imposed pressure is different in quality to self-imposed pressure, and it is the latter which is appropriate for adult learners, and children too, I suspect.”中文翻译为：我猜想，被强加的压力在质量上与自我施加的压力不同，且对成年和儿童学习者都合适的是后者。因此C选项“被强加的压力在学习东西上可能是没有帮助的”正确。4.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文倒数第一段中“that the example is a starting

14、point, not a prescriptive pattern but a working start point which points them in a direction of exploration.”中文翻译为：这个例子是一个起点，不是一个指定的模式，而是一个可行的起点，它向他们（即学生）指明了探索的方向。可以得知B选项“学生应该被鼓励去跟随例子”正确。5.【试题解析】词汇题。A: opaque“不透明的”；B: unmistakable“透明的；显然的；坦率的；易懂的”；C: vague“模糊的；不明确的；暧昧的”；D: questionable“可疑的；有问题的”。对应原

15、文倒数第一段中 “open-ended activities with clear task goals”，中文翻译为：有着清楚的任务目标的开放式活动。因此可以推测出B选项正确。2. 单选题He is one of the most active（ ）in the extracurricular activities of the students union.问题1选项A.inhabitantsB.descendantsC.participantsD.tenants【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项inhabitant“居民；居住者”；B选项descendant “后裔；子孙”；C选项p

16、articipant“参与者”；D选项tenant“承租人；房客；佃户”。句意：他是学生会课外活动最积极的参与者之一。结合句意，判断出选项C正确。3. 单选题A recent of home buying patterns（ ）shows that many people under 30 in America are still renting.问题1选项A.statusB.bonusC.chorusD.census【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项status“地位；状态”；B选项bonus“奖金；红利；额外津贴”；C选项chorus“合唱队；齐声”；D选项census“人口普查；

17、普查”。句意：针对住宅购买模式的一项最近普查显示，在美国很多30岁以下的人仍然在租房。由句意可知D选项正确。4. 翻译题Passage OneA beached whale is a whale which has become stranded on land, usually on a beach. Beaching is often fatal for whales, as they become dehydrated and die. Whales have been found beached throughout human history and so many standing

18、s can be attributed to natural and environmental factors. There could be many natural reasons like rough weather, weakness due to old age or infection, difficulty giving birth, hunting too close to shore and navigational mistakes. A single stranded animal can prompt the entire pod to respond to its

19、distress signals and become stranded. In 2004, scientists at the University of Tasmania found a link between whale standings and the weather. It is hypothesized that when cool Antarctic waters rich in squid and fish flow north, whales follow their prey closer towards land making them more prone to s

20、tranding. In some cases predators (such as killer whales) have been known to panic whales, herding them towards the shoreline. Strandings can be grouped into several different types. The most obvious distinctions are between single and multiple standings. Single live strandings are often the result

21、of an illness or injury, which would almost inevitably end in death unless a passer-by knows how to react.Multiple strandings of dead animals in one locality are rare and often cause a great deal of media coverage as well as rescue efforts by sympathetic humans. Even multiple offshore deaths are unl

22、ikely to lead to multiple strandings due to the variable winds and currents scattering the animals across the sea. A key factor in many of these cases appears to be the strong social cohesion amongst toothed whales. If one whale gets into trouble, its distress calls may prompt the rest of the group

23、to follow and become beached themselves. There is no definitive specific cause for mass strandings. Instead they may happen due to numerous factors that can act in combination. Many have been proposed, with some seeking to explain only a subset of cases; however, they are difficult to prove conclusi

24、vely and are sometimes controversial.Passage TwoIt is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a Jaguar XK 4.2-S. So might “Pride and Prejudice” have started had Jane Austen, who was paid 110 (3, 200, or $5,700, in todays money) for one

25、of the bestselling novels ever, been lucky enough to live in an era which offered the mutually beneficial partnership between creative talent and commercial sponsorship known as product placement.See how swiftly the hero runs in his flash new trainers? Notice how luxuriantly the shower gel foams on

26、the heroines back? Thats probably because the companies that make those products have paid the producers of those programs fat fees to portray their wares nicely. Product placement, which gave birth to the original soap operas created to sell washing powders, is back.Digital technology is the reason

27、. Viewers can now effortlessly skip the ads, so broadcasters and the companies that used to buy airtime for commercials are trying to find better ways to catch peoples attention. Product placement is one promising option, but it is controversial. It is allowed in America but mostly banned in the Eur

28、opean Union. Consumer organizations across Europe oppose the introduction of product placement, saving it would undermine trust in broadcasters. European producers and broadcasters complain that this is unfair because their American rivals benefit from a source of income denied to them, and senseles

29、s because American programs anyway appear on European screens. The EU is therefore planning to legalize product placement, but the proposal faces some opposition, viewers watching ads, say the critics, are fair game because they know theyre being sold stuff. When theyre watching programs, by contras

30、t, they dont realize that products are being promoted.But if advertising that slips imperceptibly into peoples brains were to be banned, a great deal of what goes on now would be outlawed. After all, drivers spinning past billboards dont necessarily consciously clock the message theyve seen; often t

31、hey file it unconsciously as you browsing through these pages, may well absorb the notion that an expensive watch or a new phone will change your life in some vague but enticing way. As for people who believe the literal truth of what they see in soap operas well, no amount of regulation can protect

32、 them from themselves.Anyhow, governments dont need to police entertainment content-producers will do it themselves. When Fay Weldon, a novelist, wrote a book for Bulgari, a jewelry manufacturer, a few years ago, it was not widely viewed as a literary gem. Neither she, nor anybody else with a reputa

33、tion worth keeping, has tried that again. Which is just as well: the world would have been a poorer place had Mr. Bing ley been more interested in his ride than in the Bennet girls.Directions: Each of the following two passages has some underlined parts. Translate the underlined parts into Chinese a

34、nd write your translation on the Answer Sheet.【答案】（1） 【参考译文】搁浅的鲸鱼是搁浅在陆地（通常是在海滩上）的鲸鱼。搁浅对鲸鱼来说通常是致命的，因为它们会脱水死亡。在整个人类历史中，鲸鱼一直被发现搁浅，有很多搁浅是由于自然和环境因素。可能有许多自然原因，比如恶劣的天气、年老或感染导致的身体虚弱、分娩困难、猎食离海岸太近以及导航错误。（2） 【参考译文】在一个地方多次搁浅死去的动物是罕见的，经常引起大量媒体报道和同情的人们的救援努力。由于多变的风和洋流将这些动物分散在海中，即使是多次离岸死亡也不太可能导致多次搁浅。其中一个关键因素就是齿鲸之间强

35、大的社会凝聚力。如果一头鲸鱼遇到麻烦，它发出的求救信号可能会促使其他鲸鱼跟随并搁浅。Passage Two（1） 【参考译文】看到男主穿着他的新运动鞋跑得有多快了吗？注意到女主角背上的沐浴露泡沫有多丰富吗？这可能是因为生产这些产品的公司已经向这些节目的制作者支付了大笔费用，以使他们的产品能被很好地描绘出来。让被创造来销售洗衣粉的最初肥皂剧产生的产品植入又回来了。（2） 【参考译文】数字技术是原因。观众现在可以毫不费力地跳过广告，所以以前为商业广告而购买广告时间的广播电台和公司，正在试图找到更好的方法来引起人们的关注。产品植入是一个有前途的选择，但它却有争议。尽管植入式广告在美国被允许，但是在欧

36、盟却通常被禁止。考虑到可能危害广播电台的信用，欧洲的消费者组织反对产品植入。（3） 【参考译文】但是，如果不知不觉地溜进人们大脑的广告将被禁止，那么如今大量进行着的广告将是不合法的。毕竟，转过广告牌的司机没必要有意识地注视他们所见的广告词：他们经常无意识地对广告词进行归档因为，通过浏览这些广告页面，你可能很好地吸收这样的概念，即一块昂贵的手表或一部新的手机将以一些模糊但却诱人的方式来改变你的生活。对于相信自己所看肥皂剧中字面真理的人而言，即使再多的监管也不能让他们免于来自自己本人的伤害。5. 单选题Fiber-optic cables can carry hundreds of telepho

37、ne conversations （ ）.问题1选项A.simultaneouslyB.spontaneouslyC.homogeneouslyD.contemporarily【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项simultaneously“同时地”；B选项spontaneously“自发地；自然地；不由自主地”；C选项homogeneously“同样地”；D选项contemporarily“当今；时下；眼前”。句意：光缆能同时地传递数以百计的电话交流。结合句意，A选项正确。6. 单选题She thought it could do no harm to（ ）her escort a b

38、it, at least on his taste in wines.问题1选项A.complementB.flatterC.flattenD.decorate【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项complement“补足；补充”；B选项flatter “奉承；谄媚；使高兴”；C选项flatten“击败；摧毁；使 平坦”；D选项decorate“装饰；布置”。句意：她认为，稍微奉承下她的陪同不可能带来害处，至少在奉承其对葡萄酒的品味上不可能带来害处。结合此处语境，B选项正确。7. 单选题After years of negotiation, an international agreem

39、ent to conserve species（ ）and ecosystems has finally been adopted.问题1选项A.ventilatedB.imperiledC.utilizedD.modulated【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项ventilated“通风的”；B选项imperiled“处于危险中的”；C选项utilized“被利用的”；D选项modulated“已调的；被调的”。句意：经过多年的谈判，一项保护处于危险中的物种和生态系统的国际协议最终被采用。结合句意，B选项正确。8. 单选题There was much（ ）among the cyc

40、lists after the difficult ride.问题1选项A.camaraderieB.camradeneC.commraderieD.comraderie【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项camaraderie“友情”；B，C和D这三项在英语中不存在。句意：在这个艰难的骑行后，这些骑车者之间产生了很多友情。结合句意，故A选项正确。9. 单选题The （ ） effects of the spa were evident in her rosy cheeks and bouncy steps.问题1选项A.abortiveB.waggishC.salubriousD.po

41、rtentous【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项abortive“失败的；流产的；堕胎的”；B选项waggish“爱开玩笑的；滑稽的”；C选项salubrious“清爽的；有益健康的”；D选项portentous“不祥的；预兆的；令人惊讶的”。句意：水疗有益健康的效果在她红润的脸颊和轻快的步伐上明显地表现了出来。由句意可知C选项正确。10. 单选题The street performer was so bad we had to（ ）him, but did we have to throw the rotten tomatoes at his head?问题1选项A.jeerB.

42、dissolveC.adjournD.guarantee【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项jeer“嘲笑；戏弄”；B选项dissolve“使溶解；使分解；使液化”；C选项adjourn“推迟；使中止”；D选项guarantee“保证；担保”。句意：街头艺人的表演是如此糟糕，所以我们不得不嘲笑他，但是我们不得不向他的头扔腐烂的西红柿吗？结合句意，A选项正确。11. 单选题After so many weeks without rain, the ground quickly（ ）the little rain that fell yesterday.问题1选项A.absorbedB.dr

43、ainedC.digestedD.soaked【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项absorb“吸收；使全神贯注”；B选项drain“耗尽；使流出”；C选项digest“消化；融会贯通”；D选项soak“使浸泡，使浸渍”。句意：在许多个星期无雨后，地面很快地吸收了昨天下的小雨。结合句意，A选项正确。12. 单选题In the college-admissions wars, we parents are the true fighters. Were pushing our kids to get good grades, take SAT preparatory courses and

44、 build resumes so they can get into the college of our first choice. Ive twice been to the wars, and as I survey the battlefield, something different is happening. We see our kids college background as a prize demonstrating how well weve raised them. But we cant acknowledge that our obsession is mor

45、e about us than them. So weve contrived various justifications that turn out to be half-truths, prejudices or myths. It actually doesnt matter much whether Aaron and Nicole go to Stanford.We have a full-blown prestige panic; we worry that there wont be enough prizes to go around. Fearful parents urg

46、e their children to apply to more schools than ever. Underlying the hysteria is the belief that scarce elite degrees must be highly valuable. Their graduates must enjoy more success because they get a better educating and develop better contacts. All that is plausible and mostly wrong. We havent fou

47、nd any convincing evidence that selectivity or prestige matters. Selective schools dont systematically employ better instructional approaches than less-selective schools. On two measures professors feedback and the number of essay exams selective schools do slightly worse.By some studies, selective

48、schools do enhance their graduates lifetime earnings. The gain is reckoned at 2-4% for every 100-point increase in a schools average SAT scores. But even this advantage is probably a statistical fluke. A well-known study examined students who got into highly selective schools and then went elsewhere

49、. They earned just as much as graduates from higher-status schools. Kids count more than their colleges. Getting into Yale may signify intelligence, talent and ambition. But its not the only indicator and, paradoxically, its significance is declining. The reason: so many similar people go elsewhere.

50、 Getting into college isnt lifes only competition. In the next competition the job market and graduate school the results may change. Old-boy networks are breaking down. Princeton economist Alan Krueger studied admissions to one top Ph. D. program. High scores on the GRE helped explain who got in; d

51、egrees of prestigious universities didnt.So, parents, lighten up. The stakes have been vastly exaggerated. Up to a point, we can rationalize our pushiness. America is a competitive society; our kids need to adjust to that. But too much pushiness can be destructive. The very ambition we impose on our

52、 children may get some into Harvard but may also set them up for disappointment. One study found that, other things being equal, graduates of highly selective schools experienced more job dissatisfaction. They may have been so conditioned to being on top that anything less disappoints.1.Why does the

53、 author say that parents are the true fighters in the college-admissions wars?2.Why do parents urge their children to apply to more school than ever?3.What does the author mean by “Kids count more than their colleges” (Line 5，Para. 3)?4.What can you infer from the passage?5.One possible result of pu

54、shing children into elite universities is that （ ）.问题1选项A.They have the final say in which university their children are to attendB.They know best which universities are most suitable for their childrenC.They have to carry out intensive surveys of colleges before children make an applicationD.They c

55、are more about which college their children go to than the children themselves问题2选项A.They want to increase their childrens chances of entering a prestigious collegeB.They hope their children can enter a university that offers attractive scholarshipsC.Their children will have a wider choice of which

56、college to go toD.Elite universities now enroll fewer students than they used to问题3选项A.Continuing education is more important to a persons successB.A persons happiness should be valued more than his educationC.Kids actual abilities are more important than their college backgroundD.What kids learn at

57、 college cannot keep up with job market requirements问题4选项A.Getting into Ph.D . programs may be less competitive than getting into collegeB.Degrees of prestigious universities do not guarantee entry to graduate programsC.Graduates from prestigious universities do not care much about their GRED.Connec

58、tions built in prestigious universities may be sustained long after graduation问题5选项A.they earn less than their peers from other institutionsB.they turn out to be less competitive in the job marketC.they experience more job dissatisfaction after graduationD.they overemphasize their qualifications in

59、job application【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“But we cant acknowledge that our obsession is more about us than them.”，中文翻译为：但我们却不承认我们的痴迷（对上首选大学）更多是关于我们自己而非他们（指自己的小孩）。可以得知D选项“相比小孩自己，他们更关心自己的小孩去哪所大学上学”符合题意。2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段“We see our kids college background as

60、 a prize demonstrating how well weve raised them.”，中文翻译为：我们将自己小孩的大学背景当成展示我们怎样很好地养育他们的一种奖赏。以及原文第二段“We have a full-blown prestige panic; we worry that there wont be enough prize to go around.”，中文翻译为：我们有完全成熟的名誉恐慌，我们担心没有充足的奖赏。可知A选项“他们想增加自己小孩进入著名大学的机会”为正确答案。3.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段“Princeton economist

61、 Alan Krueger studied admissions to one top Ph. D. program. High scores on the GRE helped explain who got in; degrees of prestigious universities didnt.”，中文翻译为：普林斯顿大学的经济学家Alan Krueger对入学一个顶级博士项目的学生的研究发现，美国研究生入学考试的高分数有助于解释谁考上了大学，而名牌大学的学位却没有。可以得知C选项“小孩的实际能力比他们的大学背景更重要”符合题意。4.【试题解析】推理判断题。由B项“著名大学的学位不保证

62、学生进入研究生项目”可以定位到文章第三段中“Princeton economist Alan Krueger studied admissions to one top Ph. D. program. High scores on the GRE helped explain who got in; degrees of prestigious universities didnt.”，中文翻译为：普林斯顿大学的经济学家Alan Krueger对入学一个顶级博士项目的学生的研究发现，美国研究生入学考试的高分数有助于解释谁考上了大学，而名牌大学的学位却没有。故选B。5.【试题解析】细节事实题。根

63、据题干可以定位到文章第四段“One study found that, other things being equal, graduates of highly selective schools experienced more job dissatisfaction.”，中文翻译为：一个研究发现，在其他事情一样的情况下，精英学校的毕业生经历更多的工作不如意。判断出答案为C项“他们在毕业后经历更多的工作不如意”。13. 单选题The woman tripped over the uneven pavement and（ ）her elbow.问题1选项A.distortedB.dislodgedC.disabledD.dislocated【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项distort“扭曲；使失真；曲解”；B选项dislodge“逐出，驱逐；用力移动”；C选项disable“使失去能力；使残废；使无资格”；D选项dislocate“使脱臼；使混乱”。句意：这位妇女绊倒在这个不平坦的人行道上，结果使自己的肘部脱臼。结合此处句意，判断出D选项正确。14. 单选题The