考研考博-考博英语-扬州大学模拟考试题含答案5

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1、考研考博-考博英语-扬州大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题To（ ）is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such good condition that others may also share the enjoyment.问题1选项A.conserveB.conceiveC.convertD.contrive【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项conserve“保存，保护”；B选项conceive“构思，设想”；C选项convert“转变”；D选项contrive“谋划”。句意：保护就是保存和保护，把我们

2、自己喜欢的东西留在如此好的条件下，别人也可以分享我们的乐趣。选项A符合句意。2. 单选题Their diplomatic principles completely laid bare their（ ）for world conquest.问题1选项A.admirationB.ambitionC.aspirationD.orientation【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项admiration“钦佩，赞赏”；B选项ambition“野心，抱负”；C选项aspiration“渴望”；D选项orientation“方向”。句意：他们的外交原则完全暴露了他们征服世界的野心。选项B符合句意。3.

3、 单选题We offer a wide variety of services to fit your request,（ ）web design, graphic design, web development, or anything else.问题1选项A.whether they beB.whether it beC.would they beD.would it be【答案】B【解析】考查语法结构。句意：我们提供各种各样的服务，以满足您的要求，无论是网页设计，图形设计，网页开发，或任何其他。根据句意可知，这里表示的是“无论.”，可首先排除选项C和选项D；其次，原句中并列的几个选择性词

4、组都是单数形式，所以这里的代词也应该使用单数，选项B为正确答案。4. 单选题There（ ） no further questions, the Chair will entertain a motion to approve the Presidents report.问题1选项A.had beenB.would beC.wasD.being【答案】D【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：没有问题的话，主席要提议请大家核准董事会的报告。句子的前半部分在句中做状语成分，为独立主格机构，所以填空处应填入非谓语动词，只有选项D符合要求。5. 单选题When they marry, husbands an

5、d wives have well-developed health histories and well-established congenital and developmental propensities toward good and ill health. Substantial research suggests that, given the existing health propensity and health condition of an individual at a particular time, his or her probability of bette

6、r or worse future health is affected by a variety of socially mediated factors that are subject to influence or manipulation by his or her spouse.Spouses can promote each others health by ameliorating psychological stress. A substantial literature develops strong evidence that psychological stress c

7、auses illness, increase mortality risk, and serves as an important mechanism that links socioeconomic characteristics to health and mortality. Stress-reducing mechanisms include removal of sources of stress, and management of stress by talking about it to a trusted other person, psychological treatm

8、ent, physical exercise, recreation and other means. A spouse can provide or encourage all of these stress-reducing behaviors.Spouses also can promote each others health by providing each other with supportive social contact, and they can facilitate or inhibit each others social contact with supporti

9、ve others. Evidence suggests that health is greatly advanced by supportive social contacts, including positive interaction with relatives, friends, coworkers and acquaintances. Recent experimental data shows that persons with more diverse social networks are more resistant to experimentally introduc

10、ed upper respiratory viruses than persons with less diverse social networks.Spouses can also promote each others health by providing each other with money income, and they can help each other manage money income effectively. Money does not buy health directly, but it can be used to purchase goods an

11、d services that make good health more likely. These goods and services include nutritious food, a hygienic and safe environment, medical care, and amenities that reduce psychological stress. Unless estranged or unusually wealthy, husbands and wives almost always share their financial resources and p

12、urchase and consume many of these health-promoting goods and services jointly. In short, there are many ways in which spouses can influence each others probability of good health.1.What is the passage mainly about?2.According to the author, what is the most effective way for the husband to reduce ps

13、ychological stress?3.Which one is the suitable summary of paragraph 1?4.How can money make good health?5.Which of the following is likely to throw spouses into ill health?问题1选项A.How spouses can promote each others physical condition.B.The spouses probability of future well-being.C.Effects of spouses

14、 hours of work on each others health.D.Spouses influence each other in various ways.问题2选项A.To talk to other person.B.To go to see psychiatrist.C.To take pleasure.D.To talk with his wife.问题3选项A.Spouses influence is of vital importance to each others health.B.Spouses influence has nothing to do with h

15、ealth.C.Healthy spouses will remain health after their marriage.D.There are a variety of socially mediated factors.问题4选项A.Money sometimes may be powerful enough to buy health directly.B.Spouses can manage money income effectively for each others healthC.Money can provide spouses with goods and servi

16、ces, which is likely to make good health.D.For the sake of each others heath, husbands and wives should share everything.问题5选项A.Positive interaction with relatives.B.Appropriate physical exercise.C.Few social networks.D.Nutritious food.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，作者在第一段指出丈夫或妻子的

17、健康状况不仅受到社会因素的影响，还会受到其配偶的影响。接着后面的三个段落分别从三个不同的角度讲述了配偶之间应该如何相互帮助来促进彼此的健康，所以选项C符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第二段的内容，减压机制包括消除压力来源，通过与信任的人谈话来管理压力，还有心理治疗，体育锻炼，娱乐休闲等其他方法。配偶可以提供或鼓励所有这些减轻压力的行为。由此可知，作者认为丈夫减轻心理压力最有效的办法应该是与信任的人也就是妻子进行谈话沟通，所以选项D正确。3.主旨大意题。根据第11题的分析可知，第一段主要是讲丈夫或妻子的健康状况不仅受到社会因素的影响，还会受到其配偶的影响。也就是说配偶的影响对彼此的健康至关重要。所

18、以选项A符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第二句“Money does not buy health directly, but it can be used to purchase goods and services that make good health more likely. 金钱不能直接买到健康，但它可以用来购买使人更有可能获得健康的商品和服务。”由此可知，选项C符合原文。5.细节事实题。A选项“与亲人之间的积极互动”；B选项“适当的体育锻炼”； D选项“有营养的食物”都能够促进配偶的健康状况，只有C选项“很小的社交圈子”可能会让配偶健康状况不佳。所以本题选C。6. 单选题

19、Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, fortunately, the number of such reasons is smallPruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doin

20、g it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way.First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or sizeThe object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or

21、 give it a special shapeSecondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthierYou may cut out diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus causing woundsThe health of a tree may be encouraged by removing the branches that are locking up the center and so preventi

22、ng the free movement of air.One result of pruning is that an open would is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for diseases, but it is a wound that will healOften there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, or that there is a period when

23、the tree is at riskIt should be the aim of every gardener to reduce the risk as far as possibleIt is essential to make the area which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughnessYou should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of th

24、e substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purposePruning is usually done in winter, for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without the interference from the leaves and it is, too, very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleedIf this does happen, it is, of co

25、urse, impossible to paint them properly.1.Pruning is probably usually done to （ ）.2. Trees become unhealthy if the gardener ( ).问题1选项A.make the small branches thicker.B.get rid of the small branches.C.improve the shape of the tree.D.make the tree grow taller.问题2选项A.damages some of the small side bra

26、nches.B.forces them to grow too quickly.C.does not protect them from the wind.D.allows too many branches to grow in the middle.问题3选项A.To help a wound to dry.B.To cover a rough surface.C.To prevent disease entering a wound.D.To make a wound smooth.问题4选项A.regularly every winter.B.occasionally when nec

27、essary.C.as quickly as possible.D.at intervals throughout the year.问题5选项A.To discuss different methods of pruning.B.To explain how trees develop disease.C.To give a general description of pruning.D.To give practical instruction for pruning a tree.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段第一句指出：Fir

28、st, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size (首先，修剪可以确保树有一个理想的形状或大小)。由此可知，修剪通常是为了“改善树的形状”，故选C。2.判断推理题。第二段最后一句指出：The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing the branches that are locking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air (修剪掉挡在中间而阻止了空气自由流通

29、的树枝，可以让树更健康)。由此可知，如果园丁让太多的树枝在中间生长，树就会不健康。D选项正确。3.判断推理题。最后一段第一句指出：One result of pruning is that an open would is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for diseases, but it is a wound that will heal(修剪的一个后果是树上留下一个缺口，这为疾病提供了一个容易的入口，但这是一个可以愈合的伤口)。因此树被涂上一种特殊材料终究是为了“防止疾病通过修剪口侵入”。B项和D项都是干扰项，虽然后面

30、提到：It is essential to make the area which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness (修剪过的区域必须光滑干净，因为粗糙会减缓愈合速度)。但它们并不是最终原因。因此本题选C。4.判断推理题。第一段指出：Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and (只有在有充分和明确的理由时才应该修剪树木)。由此推断，B项“必要时偶尔修

31、剪”正确。5.主旨大意题。本文开头讲了修剪的原因，方法，后面讲了修剪的后果极其处理方法，因此C项“概述修剪”比较能概括本文主旨。7. 单选题Almost as a（ ）to the revival of Greek knowledge and values came the revival of interest in mathematics.问题1选项A.corollaryB.outcomeC.consequenceD.results【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项corollary“推论，必然的结果”；B选项outcome“结局，成果”；C选项consequence“重要性，推论”；

32、D选项results“后果”。句意：希腊知识和价值观的复兴几乎是必然的结果，人们对数学的兴趣也随之复苏。选项A更符合语境。8. 单选题In a society where all aspects of our lives are dictated by scientific advances in technology, science is the essence of our existence .Without the vast advances made by chemists, physicists, biologist, geologist, and other diligent

33、scientists, our standards of living would decline, our flourishing, wealthy nation might come to an economic depression, and our people would suffer provided by science, yet our lives would be altered interminably without them.Health care, one of the aspects of our society that separates us from our

34、 archaic ancestors, is founded exclusively on scientific discoveries and advances. Without the vaccines created by doctors, disease such as polio measles, hepatitis, and the flu would pose a threat to our citizens, for although some of these disease may not be deadly, their side effects can be a vas

35、t detriment to an individual affected with the disease.In addition, science has developed perhaps the most awe-inspiring, vital invention in the history of the world, the computer. Without the presence of this machine, our world could exist, but the convenience brought into life by the computer are

36、unparalleled.Despite the greatness of present-day innovators and scientists and their revelations, it is requisite to examine the amenities of science that our culture so blatantly disregards. For instance, the light bulb, electricity, the telephone, running water, and the automobile are present-day

37、 staples of our society; however, they were not present until scientists discovered them.Because of the contribution of scientist, our world is ever metamorphosing, and this metamorphosis economically and personally comprise our society, whether our society is cognizant of this or not.1.In the first

38、 paragraph the author implies that we（ ）.2.The author uses health care and vaccines to illustrate（ ）.3.Nothing，according to the author ,can match the invention of the computer in term of （ ）.4.The author seems to be unhappy about（ ）.5.The authors tone in the passage is （ ）.问题1选项A.would not survive w

39、ithout scienceB.take the amenities of science for grantedC.could have raised the standards of living with scienceD.would be free of disease because of scientific advances问题2选项A.how science has been developedB.what science means to societyC.what the nature of science isD.how disease affects society问题

40、3选项A.powerB.noveltyC.benefitsD.complexity问题4选项A.peoples ignorance of their cultureB.peoples ignoring the amenities of scienceC.peoples making no contributions to societyD.peoples misunderstanding of scientific advances问题5选项A.criticalB.cognizantC.appreciativeD.paradoxical【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C

41、【解析】第1题:1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。第一段指出：Without the vast advances made by chemists, physicists, biologist, geologist, and other diligent scientists, our standards of living would decline (没有化学家、物理学家、生物学家、地质学家和其他勤奋的科学家所取得的巨大进步，我们的生活水平就会下降)，由此推断C项“有了科学，我们的生活水平才得以提高”正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断推理题。第二段开头指出：Health ca

42、re, one of the aspects of our society that separates us from our archaic ancestors, is founded exclusively on scientific discoveries and advances(医疗保健是社会的一个方面，它将我们与古老的祖先区分开来，它完全建立在科学发现和进步的基础上)，后面又以疫苗为例，其实是为了论证本文主题：科学对社会的重要性。故选B项。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。第三段指出：此外，科学已经发明出也许是世界历史上最令人敬畏、最重要的发明计算机。没有这台机器，世界的

43、确可以存着，但是计算机给生活带来的便利是无与伦比的。因此C项“益处，用处”正确。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。倒数第二段开头指出：尽管如今的创新者和科学家奉献了他们的伟大成就和成果，但我们有必要审查（重视）科学带来的便利，这在我们的文化中往往是被公然漠视的。后面作者又举例说明是科学家们发明了灯泡、电、电话等必需品。因此，B项“人们忽视了科学带来的便利”正确。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】观点态度题。作者通篇都在强调科学对我们的意义和重要性，通过“science is the essence of our existence”以及“ Because of the contributi

44、on of scientist, our world is ever metamorphosing”等字眼可以看出，作者的语气是感激的，欣赏的。故选C。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:9. 单选题The part of the environmental movement that draws my firms attention is the design of cities, buildings and products. When we designed Americas first so-called “green” office building in New York two de

45、cades ago, we felt very（1）. But today, thousands of people come to green building conferences, and the（2）that buildings can be good for people and the environment will be increasingly influential in years to（3）.Back in 1984 we discovered that most manufactured products for decoration werent designed

46、 for（4）use. The “energy-efficient” sealed commercial buildings constructed after the 1970s energy crisis（5）indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint, wall covering and carpet. So far 20 years, weve been focusing on these materials（6）to the molecules, looking for ways to make them

47、（7）for people and the planet.Home builders can now use materials such as paints that release significantly（8）amounts of organic compounds that dont（9）the quality of the air, water, or soil. Ultimately,（10）, our basic design strategy is focused not simply on being “less bad” but on creating（11）health

48、ful materials that can be either safely returned to the soil（12）reused by industry again and again. As a matter of（13）, the worlds largest carpet manufacturer has already developed a carpet that is fully and safely（14）.Look at it this way: No one（15）out to create a building that destroys the planet.

49、 But our current industrial systems are（16）causing these conditions, whether we like it or not. So（17）of simply trying to reduce the damage, we are（18）a positive approach. Were giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices that have a（19）effect on the world. Its n

50、ot just the building industry, either.（20）cities are taking these environmentally positive approaches to design, planning and building. Portland, Seattle and Boston have said they want to be green cities. Chicago wants to be the greenest city in the world.问题1选项A.aloneB.lonelyC.abandonedD.isolated问题2

51、选项A.practiceB.ideaC.outlookD.scheme问题3选项A.goB.arriveC.comeD.continue问题4选项A.indoorB.indoorsC.inwardD.inwards问题5选项A.displayedB.exhibitedC.discoveredD.revealed问题6选项A.backB.nextC.downD.near问题7选项A.comfortableB.safeC.cautiousD.stable问题8选项A.reducedB.descendedC.revisedD.delayed问题9选项A.denyB.dissolveC.depress

52、D.destroy问题10选项A.besidesB.anyhowC.howeverD.anyway问题11选项A.partiallyB.completelyC.exactlyD.superficially问题12选项A.orB.butC.andD.nor问题13选项A.interestB.principleC.factD.course问题14选项A.reprocessedB.researchedC.reusedD.recyclable问题15选项A.startsB.looksC.pullsD.makes问题16选项A.basicallyB.traditionallyC.originallyD.

53、inevitably问题17选项A.becauseB.insteadC.outD.regardless问题18选项A.adjustingB.adoptingC.admittingD.adapting问题19选项A.functionalB.preciousC.beneficialD.sensible问题20选项A.EntireB.FullC.TotalD.Complete【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D第6题:C第7题:B第8题:A第9题:D第10题:C第11题:B第12题:A第13题:C第14题:D第15题:A第16题:D第17题:B第18题:B第19题:C第20题:

54、A【解析】1.考查近义词辨析。A选项alone“孤独的，单干的”；B选项lonely“寂寞的，偏僻的”；C选项abandoned“被抛弃的”；D选项isolated“偏远的，”。根据上下文：20年前，我们在纽约设计了美国第一个所谓的“绿色”办公大楼，我们感觉 。但是现在，成千上万的人加入到绿色建筑会议.。选项A符合语境。2.考查名词辨析。A选项practice“实践，练习”；B选项idea“想法，思想”；C选项outlook“展望，前景”；D选项scheme“计划，诡计”。分析句子结构可知，that在这里引导的是同位语从句做填空处所填词的同位语，由此可知，填空处填入的应该是抽象名词，选项B符合

55、要求。3.考查固定搭配。years to come意为“在接下来的几年时间里”。选项C正确。4.考查固定搭配。indoor意为“室内的”；inward意为“向内的，内部的”。indoor use是固定用法，意为“室内使用”，所以选项A正确。5.考查近义词辨析。A选项display“显示，陈列”；B选项exhibit“展览，显示”；C选项discover“发现”；D选项reveal“揭露，暴露”。根据句意：20世纪70年代能源危机后建造的“节能”密封商业建筑，由于油漆、墙面涂料和地毯等材料造成的室内空气质量问题。选项D揭露问题更恰当。6.考查动词辨析。A选项back to“回到”；B选项next

56、 to“紧挨着，旁边”；C选项down to“直到，下至”；D选项near to“靠近，接近”。根据句意可知，这里指我们所关注的上至材料下至分子，所以选项C正确。7.考查形容词辨析。A选项comfortable“舒适的”；B选项safe“安全的”；C选项cautious“谨慎的”；D选项stable“稳定的”。根据原文可知，涉及到室内空气质量问题，当然是确保材料是安全可靠的，所以选项B正确。8.考查形容词辨析。A选项reduced“减少的”；B选项descended“下降的”；C选项revised“改进的”；D选项delayed“延时的”。根据句意可知，这里是指涂漆所释放的有机化合物的数量明显

57、减少了，选项A正确。9.考查副词辨析。A选项deny“否定，拒绝”；B选项dissolve“溶解”；C选项depress“压抑，使沮丧”；D选项destroy“破坏，毁坏”。根据原文可知，现在的房屋建筑商所用的材料比如释放有机化合物数量明显减少的涂漆这些材料不会 空气、水或土壤的质量。选项D符合语境。10.考查逻辑连接词。A选项besides“除了，此外”；B选项anyhow“总之，无论如何”；C选项however“不管怎样，然而”；D选项anyway“无论如何”。上文提及新的材料不会破坏空气等的质量，下一句说到我们的基本设计策略不仅仅是关注于“不那么糟糕”，前后形成了转折关系，所以选项C符合

58、原文语境。11.考查副词辨析。A选项partially“部分地”；B选项completely “完全地”；C选项exactly“恰好，正是”；D选项superficially“表面地”。句意：然而最终我们的基本设计策略不仅仅是关注于“不那么糟糕”，而是创造出完全安全的材料。选项B符合句意。12.考查固定搭配。根据前面的either可知，这里应该填入连词or，意为“要么要么”。原文句意：要么安全地返回到土壤，要么被工业重复利用。选项A正确。13.考查固定搭配。As a matter of fact意为“事实上”。所以选项C正确。14.考查形容词辨析。A选项reprocessed“再加工的”；B选

59、项researched“研究调查过的”；C选项reused“再生的”；D选项recyclable“可再循环的”。上文提到完全健康的材料要么安全地返回到土壤，要么被工业重复利用，也就是说这种材料是可以回收再循环利用的，所以选项D符合原文。15.考查固定搭配。start out to意为“开始，计划”。所以选项A正确。16.考查副词辨析。A选项basically“主要地，基本上”；B选项traditionally“传统上，习惯上”；C选项originally“最初，起初”；D选项inevitably“必可避免地，必然地”。根据but可知前后构成转折，这里应该是说现在的工业体系不可避免地导致了这些情

60、况。选项D符合语境。17.考查上下文语义。根据句意：因此，我们 简单地试图减少损失，而是采取积极的方式。所以应该用instead of“不是而是.”符合语境，选项B正确。18.考查动词辨析。A选项adjust“调整”；B选项adopt“采取”；C选项admit“承认”；D选项adapt“适应”。根据句意可知，这里是采取积极的措施，选项B正确。19.考查形容词辨析。A选项functional“功能的”；B选项precious“珍贵的”；C选项beneficial“有益的”；D选项sensible“明智的”。根据前面的句意可知，我们提供给人们的是高质量、健康的产品，那这里所做出的选择当然是对社会产

61、生有益的影响，所以选项C正确。20.考查语法结构。A选项Entire“全部的，整个的”，强调没有失去、减少或损坏的事物；B选项Full“完整的”，强调内容充实；C选项Total“总的，彻底的”，强调总量；D选项Complete“完整的，完全的”，强调完整性。这里是指整个城市，选项A最为恰当。10. 翻译题1. Translate the following into Chinese: (10%)Most of us have inherited morality from religion, family, education, or society in general, and usual

62、ly from all these sources, because they share common taboos against killing, stealing, adultery, lying, and so on and a common belief in what constitutes praiseworthy behavior. In some respects, however, these sources can be at odds with each other. Your national assessment of a situation may lead you in one direction, religion, in