考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学模拟考试题含答案49

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1、考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题They artificially（ ）the value of the house so they could “reduce” it and make people think it was a bargain.问题1选项A.enlargedB.underestimatedC.raisedD.inflated【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。enlarge“扩大，增大”；underestimate“低估，看清”；raise“举起，提高”；inflate“膨胀，充气”。句意：他们人为地抬高房子的价格，再“低价”出售，让人们以为这是大减

2、价。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题If she is stupid, shes（ ）pleasant to look at.问题1选项A.at any rateB.by chanceC.at a lossD.by the way【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。at any rate “无论如何，至少”；by chance “偶然，意外地”；at a loss “困惑不解”；by the way “顺便说说，顺便问一下”。句意：即使她很愚笨，至少她很好看。选项A符合题意。3. 翻译题人类是一个不断的自然进化过程的产物，其中包括无数次的遗传转化：这一不可阻挡的过程自45亿年前地球形成以来一直未曾间断

3、过。这一进化过程，受环境因素的影响，经过随机突变，形成了更具适应性的系统，从而保证了其连续性。在动物世界，这导致了更高级物种的进化，并在人类身上达到了极致。我认为人类掌握了自身的命运，因为人类已经获得创新思维的能力。创新思维能力的获得大大加速了自然进化的过程。它导致了人类文明诸多方面的巨大进步。如在艺术、文学、医学、技术上，在属于人类智慧扩展前沿科学上尤其如此。然而，正是科学的这些进步使得人类获得了自我毁灭的功能，导致了消灭人类自身的工具的发展。Put the following passage into English【答案】Human being is a product of the c

4、onstant evolutionary which involves numerous genetic transformations, and has gone uninterrupted since the Earth came into being 4.5 billion years ago. Subject to environmental factors and undergoing random mutation, this evolutionary process develops into a more adoptable system to ensure the conti

5、nuity. In the animal world, this system leads to the evolution of more advanced species and reaches its peak. I think human beings master their own destinies, for they have obtained the creative thinking.Creative thinking greatly accelerates the speed of natural evolution. It leads to great achievem

6、ents in human civilization, such as art, literature, medicine, technology, especially in science which stands for the forefront of the expansion of human intelligence. However, those advancements in science also enable humans to self-destruction, and result in the development of tools for destroying

7、 human beings.4. 单选题In their（ ） the groups old as many records as all the other groups in the country put together.问题1选项A.eulogyB.heydayC.summitD.mundaneness【答案】B【解析】eulogy“颂词”；heyday“全盛期”；summit“顶点”；mundaneness“世俗，平凡”。句意：在他们的全盛时期，这个团队的销售量是本国其他所有团队的销售量总和。选项B符合题意。5. 单选题Although the false banknotes fo

8、oled many people, they did not（ ）to a close examination.问题1选项A.keep upB.put upC.stand upD.look up【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。keep up“保持，继续”；put up“举起，抬起”；stand up“坚持，经得起”；look up“查询，拜访”。句意：尽管假钞欺骗了很多人，但是它们经不住仔细检查。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题The public can rest（ ） that detectives are doing everything possible to find themurd

9、erer.问题1选项A.assuredB.approvedC.guaranteedD.convinced【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。rest assured that “(强调所言确凿无误)尽管放心”。因此选项A符合题意。7. 单选题In the wake of the Sept. 11 attacks, many Americans feel we may begin to see the erosion of some of our civil liberties. There is concern we may be subject to personal searches and

10、increased monitoring of our activities, all in the name of safety and security. On the computing front, I would argue that we already have had to surrender many of our liberties to protect ourselves from computer viruses and other security breaches.As much as vendors and network administrators try t

11、o make scanning for viruses an unobtrusive process for the end user, we still are inconvenienced by the routines mandated by the guardians of our corporate computing security. However, inconvenience takes a back seat to the outright need for security. Viruses are more than inconvenient; they cause r

12、eal damage. Computer Economics estimates the cost of virus attacks on information systems around the world, including cleanup costs and lost productivity, has already reached $10.7 billion so far this year. Compare that figure with $17.1 billion for all of 2000 and $12.1 billion for 1999.I know your

13、e thinking: “Im only one person. How can I spend the necessary time to safeguard my company against viruses and security holes and still do my regular job?”Realistically, you cant. But there are resources to help you.Microsoft has just announced a new initiative called the Strategic Technology Prote

14、ction Program. Among the services being offered are tree technical support related to viruses and a security tool kit that includes patches and service packs that address security vulnerabilities in Windows NT and 2000.The FBI and SANS Institute have just released their top 20 list of the most criti

15、cal Internet security vulnerabilities. The majority of successful attacks on computer systems via the Internet can be traced to exploitation of security flaws on this list. Study the list at www.sans.org.The Center for Internet Security provides methods and tools to improve monitor and compare the s

16、ecurity status of your Internet-connected systems. Find out how to benchmark your organizations status at wvw.cisecurity.org.Software vendors such as Network Associates, Symantec and Computer Associates have very informative virus resource centers. The Symantec Anti Virus Research Center (www.S avce

17、nter) has an online newsletter and in-depth information about viruses. Likewise, the CA Virus Information Center offers tips on managing virus incidents and protecting messaging systems.Just like our national defense, the best protection against a debilitating virus attack is knowledge of the vulner

18、abilities and the means to plug the security holes. Be proactive and vigilant, and make use of the numerous resources at your disposal.1.The writer seems to feel that（ ）.2.The two figures $ 17.1 billion” and “ $ 12.1 billion” are mentioned for the readers to（ ）.3.To obtain detailed information about

19、 viruses，we can resort to（ ）.4.By simply checking the top 20 list， we may（ ）.5.A proper title for this passage might be（ ）.问题1选项A.the concern about the erosion of liberties is unnecessaryB.the routine scanning of viruses causes much inconvenience to end usersC.the need for computing security makes i

20、nconvenience tolerableD.liberty can be guaranteed only if security is achieved first问题2选项A.make sense of the damages that have been done so far this yearB.see the decrease of the cost of virus attacksC.calculate the cost of virus attacks for the year 2001D.pay more attention to anti-virus resources问

21、题3选项A.the Strategic Technology Protection ProgramB.www.sans.orgC.www.cisecurity.orgD.www.S问题4选项A.obtain a picture of major successful attacks on computer systemsB.identify a possible security hole in our computer systemsC.improve the security status of our computer systemsD.protect our computer syst

22、ems from virus attacks问题5选项A.The Aftermath of Sept. 11B.Liberty vs SecurityC.Strategies for Battling VirusD.Virus AttackAnother Form of Sept 11【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】第1题:文章第一段最后一句on the computing front，I would argue that we already have had to surrender many of our liberties to protect our

23、selves from computer viruses and other security breaches, 提到我们需要牺牲一些自由来免受电脑病毒和其他风险的威胁。选项D “有了安全才能有自由”符合题意。第2题:文章第二段提到病毒不仅仅让人们不方便，更严重的是导致了真正的损失。然后列举了有关清理病毒的费用，是为了强调病毒的破坏性。选项A符合题意。第3题:文章倒数第二段第二句话The Symantec Anti Virus Research Center (www. Symantec, com/ avcenter) has an online newsletter and in-dept

24、h information about viruses 提到了了解关于病毒的信息可以到网站上去找，选项D符合题意。第4题:文章第六段第二句The majority of successful attacks on computer systems via the Internet can be traced to exploitation of security flaws on this list 提到之所以这些系统会被病毒侵蚀是因为安全系统中存在漏洞，所以列出的名单中的网址都可能存在一些漏洞。选项B符合题意。第5题:文章主要是在讲述如何战胜电脑病毒，所以选项C符合题意。8. 单选题“See

25、 you _, ”she said, casually.问题1选项A.sometimeB.some timeC.at some timeD.sometimes【答案】A【解析】考查状语的用法。sometime“某个时候”；some time“一段时间”；at some time“在某个时间”；sometimes“有时候”。句意：她很随意地说：“希望以后能再见”。选项A符合题意。9. 单选题1. The programme aims to make the country（ ） in food and to cut energy imports.问题1选项A.self-confidentB.se

26、lf-sufficientC.self-satisfiedD.self-restrained【答案】B【解析】题干中cut energy imports “减少能源进口”可推断出前文是在粮食上自给自足，选项B符合题意。self-sufficient “自给自足的”；self-confident “自信的”；self-satisfied “自满的”；self-restrained “自我克制的”。10. 单选题It was very difficult to find the parts needed to do the job because of the（ ）way the store wa

27、s organized.问题1选项A.logicalB.haphazardC.orderlyD.tidy【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。logical “有逻辑的”； haphazard “偶然的；随意的”；orderly “有秩序的”；tidy “整洁的”。句意：找到这个工作所需要的零件很难，因为商店摆放的方式很随意。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are（ ）.问题1选项A.out of workB.out of stockC.out of reachD.out of practi

28、ce【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。out of work“失业的”；out of stock“无现货的，无库存的”；out of reach“够不着”；out of practice“久不练习，荒废”。句意：很遗憾的告诉你，你预定的材料没有现货了。选项B符合题意。12. 单选题Professor Smith has already retired, but his teachings still（ ）strong influence on his students.问题1选项A.executeB.forsakeC.exertD.forge【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。execute “实行

29、，执行；处死”；forsake “放弃”；exert “运用，发挥；施以影响”； forge “锻造”。句意：Smith教授已经退休了，但是他的教导依然在他的学生中产生重大影响。选项C符合题意。13. 单选题Pioneer men and women endured terrible hardships, and（ ）.问题1选项A.neither did the childrenB.so do their childrenC.also the childrenD.so did their children【答案】D【解析】考查倒装句的用法。前面一句是过去式的肯定句，后面用so提前进行倒装，选

30、项D符合题意。14. 单选题Jack needs straightening out; he has been _ the whole female population of his class.问题1选项A.standing up toB.owning up toC.messing around withD.making up for【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。stand up to“经得起，抵抗”；own up to“承认错误”；mess around with“胡闹，玩弄”；make up for“补偿，弥补”。句意：杰克需要改正错误，因为他一直和班上女生打闹。选项C符合题意。

31、15. 单选题I can（ ）the house being untidy，but I hate it if its not clean.问题1选项A.put in forB.put up withC.put downD.put across【答案】B【解析】考查动词词组辨析。put in for“申请”；put up with“容忍，忍受”；put down“记下，放下”；put across“圆满完成，使被接受”。句意：我可以忍受房子不整洁，但是我讨厌房子不干净。选项B符合题意。16. 单选题You cant count on him; hes liable to_out when thi

32、ngs become difficult.问题1选项A.beB.letC.takeD.opt【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。be out“不在家”；let out“泄露”；take out“取出”；opt out“变卦”。句意：你不能指望他，如果事情变得复杂，他有可能会变卦。选项D符合题意。17. 单选题Her remarkable success as a rock star is partly due to her ability to（ ）the media.问题1选项A.mandateB.meditateC.manifestD.manipulate【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。m

33、andate“授权，托管”；meditate“考虑，计划，企图”；manifest“证明，表示”；manipulate“操作，巧妙处理”。句意：她作为一个摇滚明星取得的杰出成就在于她有能力巧妙处理媒体。选项D符合题意。18. 单选题（ ）I realized the consequences, I would never have contemplated getting involved.问题1选项A.Even ifB.HadC.As long asD.If【答案】B【解析】考查语法知识。even if“即使”；had在这里是表示动词时态的助词；as long as“只要”；if“（表示条件

34、）如果”。句意：如果我意识到了后果，我绝对不会让自己卷进来。选项D符合题意。19. 单选题The name of Florence Nightingale lives in the memory of the world by virtue of the heroic adventure of the Crimea.Had she died as she nearly did upon her return to England, her reputation would hardly have been different； her legend would have come down t

35、o us almost as we know it today that gentle vision of female virtue which first took shape before the adoring eyes of the sick soldiers at Scutari. Yet, as a matter of fact, she lived for more than half a century after the Crimean War； and during the greater part of that long period all the energy a

36、nd all the devotion of her extraordinary nature were working at their highest pitch. What she accomplished in those years of unknown labor could, indeed, hardly have been more glorious than her Crimean triumphs； but it was certainly more important. The true history was far stranger even than the myt

37、h. In Miss Nightingales own eyes the adventure of the Crimea was a mere incident scarcely more than a useful stepping-stone in her career. It was the fulcrum with which she hoped to move the world； but it was only the fulcrum. For more than a generation she was to sit in secret, working her lever: a

38、nd her real life began at the very moment when, in popular imagination, it had ended.She arrived in England in a shattered state of health. The hardships and the ceaseless efforts of the last two years had undermined her nervous system； her heart was affected ； she suffered constantly from fainting-

39、fits and terrible attacks of utter physical prostration. The doctors declared that one thing alone would save her a complete and prolonged rest. But that was also the one thing with which she would have nothing to do. She had never been in the habit of resting； why should she begin now? Now, when he

40、r opportunity had come at last； now, when the iron was hot, and it was time to strike? No； she had work to do； and, come what might, she would do it. The doctors protested in vain； in vain her family lamented and entreated, in vain her friends pointed out to her the madness of such a course. Madness

41、? Mad possessed perhaps she was. A frenzy had seized upon her. As she lay upon her sofa, gasping, she devoured blue-books, dictated letters, and, in the intervals of her palpitations, cracked jokes. For months at a stretch she never left her bed. But she would not rest. At this rate, the doctors ass

42、ured her, even if she did not die, she would become an invalid for life. She could not help that； there was work to be done； and, as for rest, very likely she might rest. when she had done it.Wherever she went, to London or in the country, in the hills of Derbyshire, or among the rhododendrons at Em

43、bley, she was haunted by a ghost. It was the specter of Scutari the hideous vision of the organization of a military hospital. She would lay that phantom, or she would perish. The whole system of the Army Medical Department, the education of the Medical Officer, the regulations of hospital procedure

44、. rest? How could she rest while these things were as they were, while, if the like necessity were to arise again, the like results would follow? And, even in peace and at home, what was the sanitary condition of the Army? The mortality in the barracks, was, she found, nearly double the mortality in

45、 civil life. “ You might as well take 1, 100 men every year out upon Salisbury Plain and shoot them，” she said. After inspecting the hospitals at Chatham, she smiled grimly. “Yes，this is one more symptom of the system which, in the Crimea, put to death 16, 000 men. ” Scutari had given her knowledge

46、； and it had given her power too: her enormous reputation was at her back an incalculable force. Other work, other duties, might lie before her； but the most urgent, the most obvious, of all was to look to the health of the Army.1.According to the author, the work done during the last fifty years of

47、 Florence Nightingales life was，when compared with her work in the Crimea, all of the following except（ ）.2.Paragraph 2 paints a picture of a woman who is（ ）.3.The primary purpose of Paragraph 3 is to（ ）.4.The authors attitude to his material is（ ）.5.In her statement (Paragraph 3, Sentence 8) Miss N

48、ightingale intended to（ ） .问题1选项A.less dramaticB.less demandingC.less well-known to the publicD.more important问题2选项A.mentally shatteredB.stubborn and querulousC.physically weak but mentally indomitableD.purposeful yet tiresome问题3选项A.account for conditions in the armyB.show the need for hospital refo

49、rmC.explain Miss Nightingales main concernsD.argue that peacetime conditions were worse than wartime conditions问题4选项A.disinterested reporting of biographical detailsB.over-inflation of a reputationC.debunking a mythD.interpretation as well as narration问题5选项A.criticize the conditions in hospitalsB.hi

50、ghlight the unhealthy conditions under which ordinary soldiers were livingC.prove that conditions in the barracks were as bad as those in a military hospitalD.ridicule the dangers of army life【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】第1题:南丁格尔女士后五十年的工作，作者认为是费尽心力的，选项B less demanding显然是错误的；作者用legend来形容南丁格尔后来在克里

51、米亚的经历，What she accomplished in those years of unknown labor could, indeed, hardly have been more glorious than her Crimean triumphs; but it was certainly more important,虽然不那么广为人知，但是却更为重要。选项B符合题意。第2题:文章第二段第二句提到南丁格尔女士的身体状况：undermined her nervous system, her heart was affected, fainting-fits, physical

52、prostration，这都说明她的身体是虚弱的，但是她却依然不忘记工作，显然她的精神依然没被击垮，选项C符合题意。第3题:文章第三段主要讲述了南丁格尔女士对军队医疗条件的担忧，选项C符合题意。第4题:作者讲述了南丁格尔女士在克里米亚战后的生活，整篇文章都是对主人公的赞美，但并没有吹捧，选项B排除；选项A与C是否定意味，排除，所以选项D符合题意。第5题:南丁格尔关注的是军队的医疗条件，最后一段最后一句话but the most urgent, the most obvious, of all was to look to the health of the Army，她认为最迫切的问题就是去救

53、助军队里的生命，所以选项B符合题意，她是为了指出普通士兵所生活的不卫生的环境。20. 单选题John glanced at Mary to see what she thought, but she remained（ ）.问题1选项A.manifestB.obnoxiousC.inscrutableD.obscene【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。manifest“明白的，清楚的”；obnoxious“讨厌的，可憎的”；inscrutable“神秘的，难以了解的，不能预测的”；obscene“猥亵的，淫秽的”。句意：约翰瞥了一眼玛丽，想知道她在想什么，但是玛丽仍旧保持着神秘的样子。选项C符合题意。