考研考博-考博英语-南昌大学模拟考试题含答案15

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1、考研考博-考博英语-南昌大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题An astonishing fact that the murderer of the general manager was his own brother.问题1选项A.came outB.found outC.exposedD.came to light【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Come out “出现；出版”；find out “找出”；expose “揭露，揭发”；come to light “暴露，真相大白”。句意：一个惊人的事实被揭露：杀害总经理的凶手竟然是他的兄弟。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题Researche

2、rs have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that will allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory. This is true regardless of age.People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets

3、 them to think about things they are interested in. And someone with a history of doing more than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting the theory to wo

4、rk in their own lives. “The idea is not necessary to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information,” says James Fozard, associate director of the national Institute on Aging. “Most of us dont need that kind of skill. Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain metal al

5、ertness. Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skill, both because they joy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work.Gene Cohen, acting director of the same institute, suggests that people in their old age sho

6、uld engage in mental and physical activities individually as well as in groups. He says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally active as well. Those who do are more likely to maintain their intellectual abilities and to be generally

7、 happier and better adjusted. D.“The point is, you need to do both,” Cohen says. Intellectual activity actually influences brain-cell health and size.”1. People who are cognitively healthy are those .2. According to Fozard, people can make their brains work more efficiently by .3. The findings of Ja

8、mes and other scientists in their work .4. Older people are generally advised to .5. The passage is mainly about .问题1选项A.who can remember large amounts of informationB.who are highly intelligentC.whose minds are alert and receptiveD.who are good at recognizing different things问题2选项A.constantly doing

9、 memory workB.taking part in various mental activitiesC.going through specific trainingD.making frequent adjustments问题3选项A.remain to be further provedB.have been challenged by many other expertsC.have been generally acceptedD.are practiced by the researchers themselves问题4选项A.keep fit by going in for

10、 physical activitiesB.keep mentally active by challenging their brainsC.maintain mental alertness through specific trainingD.maintain a balance between individual and group activities问题5选项A.how biochemical changes occur in human brainB.why people should keep active both physically and mentallyC.how

11、intellectual activities influence healthD.why people should receive special mental training as they age【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段提到当人们动脑筋的时候大脑会发生变化，使其在注意力和记忆等认知区域更有效地发挥作用（Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain th

12、at will allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory），由此可知有善于动脑的人认知上更健康，因此选项C符合题意。2.细节事实题。文章第三段提到了Fozard的观点，他认为普通人没有必要去做大量的记忆训练，只要让思维保持警觉就可以（Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain metal alertness），因此选项B符合题意。3.细节事实题。文章第三段最后一句话提到Fozar

13、d和其他人用不同的精神心理技能来挑战自己的大脑（Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skill, both because they joy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work），因此选项D符合题意。4.细节事实题。根据文章第四段第二句话He says that we are frequently advised to keep

14、physically active as we age可知选项A符合题意。5.主旨大意题。文章第一二段提到研究人员证实当人们动脑筋时，会使得注意力和记忆等认知区域更有效地发挥作用；第三四段提到几位研究人员对这个观点的进一步说明，并且建议随着年纪增长，身体和精神都应该得到锻炼，因此选项B“为什么人们应该在身体和精神上都保持活跃”符合题意。3. 单选题The unfair criticism left Norman quite with anger.问题1选项A.spellboundB.speechlessC.silentD.mute【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。spellbound “出

15、神的；被迷住的”；speechless “说不出话的”；silent “沉默的”；mute “哑的”。句意：不公平的批评让诺曼愤怒无语。选项B符合题意。4. 单选题The decision of the university to close the swimming pool at weekends an angry reaction among students.问题1选项A.nurturedB.provokedC.cultivatedD.stimulated【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。nurtured “培育”；provoked “激起，挑衅”；cultivated “发展；耕作

16、”；stimulated “促进；激发”。句意：学校决定在周末封闭游泳池引起学生激烈的反对。选项B符合题意。5. 单选题The manager lost his when he found that his secretary was half hour late for work.问题1选项A.mannerB.moodC.temperD.passion【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。lose ones temper “发脾气”。句意：发现他的秘书上班迟到半小时，经理发了脾气。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题It is all very well to blame traffic jams, th

17、e cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners in the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheels. It is all very well, again to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the drivers seat is another matter altogether. You mig

18、ht tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate drive, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be kind to other drivers” campaign; otherwise it may get completely out of hand.Road politeness is not only good manner, but good s

19、ense, too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response

20、 to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modem modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays dont even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However, misplaced poli

21、teness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming

22、vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with dead bodies of these grannies.A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if

23、 motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that gives rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists cant even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of roadmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car owne

24、rship explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.1. According to this passage, troubles on the road are mainly caused by .2. The sentence “You might tolerate the odd road-hog.the rule” (Para. A.1) implies that_.3.

25、By “good sense”, the writer means .4. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion, _.5. In the writers opinion, _.问题1选项A.peoples attitude towards road-hogB.the rhythm of modern lifeC.the behavior of the driverD.traffic conditions问题2选项A.our society is unjust towards well

26、-mannered motoristsB.rude drivers can be met occasionallyC.the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hogD.nowadays impolite drivers constitute a majority of motorists问题3选项A.the drivers ability to understand and react reasonablyB.the drivers prompt response to difficulty and severe conditio

27、nsC.the drivers tolerance of rude or even savage behaviorD.the drivers acknowledgement of politeness and regulations问题4选项A.road users should make more sacrificeB.drivers should be ready to yield to each otherC.drivers should have more communication among themselvesD.drivers will suffer great loss if

28、 they pay no respect to others问题5选项A.strict traffic regulations are badly neededB.drivers should apply road politeness properlyC.rude drivers should be punishedD.drivers should avoid traffic jams【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段第一句话“It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost

29、of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible.”可知，公路上的麻烦主要是由司机的行为导致的。因此选项C符合题意。2.推理判断题。文章第一段倒数第二句话提到如今彬彬有礼的驾车者却成了例外（You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate drive, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rul

30、e），由此可推测粗鲁的司机占了大多数，选项D符合题意。3.推理判断题。文章第二段第一句提到道路礼仪不仅是好的态度，还是良好的意识（Road politeness is not only good manner, but good sense, too.），接着又提到当遇到不文明行为时，只有头脑最冷静、脾气最好的司机才能抵制报复的诱惑（It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavio

31、r），说明良好的意识就是能够忍受一些不良的行为，因此选项C符合题意。4.推理判断题。文章最后一段倒数第二句话提到专家几年前就告诫我们汽车数量的增多需要道路使用者相互理解（Years ago the experts warned us that the car ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users），因此选项CB符合题意。5.推理判断题。根据文章第四段第一句话“A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it wo

32、uld help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper.” 一个资深的司机，认为司机应该学会正确加入交通而不会造成令人生气的交通阻塞。可知，作者认为司机应该适当地使用礼貌。因此选项B符合题意。7. 单选题You cannot ignorance as your excuse; you should have known what was happening

33、 all along.问题1选项A.refer toB.defendC.pleadD.persist in【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。refer to “参考，涉及”；defend “辩护；防护”；plead “借口”；persist in “坚持；固执于”。句意：你不能拿无知当借口；你本就应该知道发生了什么事情。8. 单选题Another important issue the new republic is the problem of the education of its citizens.问题1选项A.confiningB.confrontingC.facingD.conf

34、orming【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。confine“限制，禁闭”；confront“面对，遭遇”；face“面对”；conform“遵照，符合”。句意：新共和国面临的一个重要问题是公民的教育。选项B符合题意。9. 单选题While in London, we paid a visit to the hospital founded the nurse Florence Nightingale.问题1选项A.in favor ofB.in honor ofC.in line withD.in place of【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。in favor of “支持，赞同”；in

35、 honor of “为纪念”；in line with “符合，与一致”；in place of “替代”。句意：在伦敦，我们参观了为纪念护士南丁格尔而创立的医院。选项B符合题意。10. 单选题By signing the lease we made a _ to pay a rent of $150 a week.问题1选项A.conceptionB.commissionC.commitmentD.confinement【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。make a commitment “承诺”。句意：根据所签的租赁合同，我们承诺每周付150美元的租金。选项C符合题意。11. 单选题To

36、understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on “persuasive salesmanship” to move as much of these goods as possi

37、ble. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money.Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy th

38、em. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purc

39、hase.This concept does not imply that business is benevolent or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transactionthe firm and the consumerand each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers,

40、however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to consumers. A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985 when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant p

41、ortion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer ruled!1. The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in essence, _.2. What was the main concern of industrialists before the marketing concept was widely accep

42、ted?3. In Paragraph 1, “to move as much of these goods as possible” means .4. What does the restoration of the Classic Coke best illustrate?5. In discussing the marketing concept, the author focuses on .问题1选项A.a form of persuasive salesmanshipB.the consumer-centered approachC.making goods available

43、for purchaseD.the quick movement of goods问题2选项A.The needs of the marketB.The preferences of the dealerC.The efficiency of the productionD.The satisfaction of the user问题3选项A.to redesign these good for large-scale productionB.to transport goods as efficiently as possibleC.to sell the largest possible

44、amount of goodsD.to dispose of these goods in large quantities问题4选项A.Products must be designed to suit the taste of the consumerB.Consumers tastes are often difficult to pleaseC.It takes time for a new product to be accepted by the publicD.Traditional goods have a stronger appeal to the majority of

45、people问题5选项A.its social impactB.its possible consequenceC.its theoretical basisD.its main characteristic【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第二段第三句话提到着眼于消费者的方法被称为营销概念（This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept），因此选项B符合题意。2.判断推理题。文章第一段第二句话提到就在几年前，大多数行业主要集中在产品的高效生产上（Not

46、too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods），因此选项C符合题意。3.判断推理题。根据persuasive salesmanship(富有说服力的推销术)可知move as much of those goods as possible意味着是尽可能多地将物品推销出去，因此选项C符合题意。4.判断推理题。文章最后一段提到可口可乐改变饮料的口味，但是最后不得不又恢复原来的口味这个例子（A striking example of the importa

47、nce of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985 when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink）说明迎合消费者需求的重要性，因此选项A符合题意。5.判断推理题。文章主要讲述了营销概念的特征以消费者需求为导向（eye-on-the-consumer approach），因此选项D符合题意。12. 单选题A joke or two always up a lecture, I think.问题1选项A.raiseB.loosenC.livenD.inspire【答案】C【解析】考

48、查动词词义辨析。raise “提高”；loosen “放松；松开”；liven “使高兴”，liven up “使有生气”；inspire “激发，鼓舞”。根据关键词a lecture，可知是liven up 符合题意。句意：我认为一两个笑话可以使课堂更有生气。选项C符合题意。13. 单选题The _ cause of death today in Britain is heart disease, with cancer in second place.问题1选项A.initialB.previousC.subsequentD.prime【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。initial

49、“最初的，第一的”；previous “以前的，早先的”；subsequent “随后的”；prime “主要的，最好的”。句意：如今，英国人的主要死亡原因是心脏病，癌症位居第二。选项D符合题意。14. 单选题TBA Industrial Products produces asbestos (石棉) textiles for brake linings. The company is just instituting a programme to reduce the asbestos in the air at the plant to a maximum 0.5 fibers per m

50、illiliter of airthe control limit imposed by the Health and Safety Executive irresponsible. With constant exposure to that level, according to a report by an Ontario Royal Commission, between one and four out of 100 people working for 25 years could expect to die of a asbestos-related cancer. Yet Da

51、vid Gee, health and safety officer of the General, Municipal and Boiler-makers Union, accepts that the company should go no lower. Why?Problem number one is assessing the risk and the difference that proposed safety measures would make to it. There are three basic categories, to which the HSEs polic

52、y-makers workin the jargon, corpses, cancers and catastrophes.“Corpses” are the victims of one-off accidents. A wealth of evidence on such accidents exists, and the effects of measures to combat them are easily calculated.“Cancers”, the killer diseases that can arise from working long periods in uns

53、afe environments, are harder to assess. The diseases may not appear until years after the process was first initiated, and the relationship between cause and effect is often controversial.Assessing the potential for “catastrophes” -like Bhopal, Seveso or Flixborough_ in which tens of thousands of pe

54、ople can be affected is harder still. Such events are exceedingly rare so they cannot be predicted on the basis of past experience. Instead engineering experts think of everything that could go wrongand of the things that could go wrong with the precautions. The probability of an accident is then ex

55、pressed in terms of the number of likely catastrophes per 10,000 years, usually a fraction of one. This process yields an estimate of the risk of loss of life for each plant or process. The next stage is to put a money value on it.The classic economists calculation uses what is called the “human cap

56、ital” approach. The dead person is valued as a machine who would otherwise have produced goods.This callous calculus made no allowance for what most people would regard as the main cost of a lost life-the pain, grief and suffering. That has now changed, thanks to work by Professor Michael Jones-Lee

57、and his colleagues at Newcastle University. They asked members of the public what risks they would be prepared to run for what overall rewards. This process yields estimates of the subjective value of lives. The answer seems to come out between lm and 2m.1. Why is TBA Industrial Products about to re

58、duce asbestos levels in the air at their plant?2. “Cancers” are harder to assess than “corpses” because .3. What does the assessment of the potential for “catastrophes” rely on?4. The writer suggests that the “human capital” approach is .5. A typical question posed by Professor Jones-Lee and his col

59、leagues would have been:问题1选项A.To comply with a report by the Ontario Royal CommissionB.Because the Union is demanding stricter safety measuresC.Because present levels are above those set by the HSED.To improve the quality of their brake linings问题2选项A.the safety measures employed vary a great dealB.

60、Tthere are far more of themC.Tthe wealth of evidence has not yet been analyzedD.Iit is difficult to trace the cause of some diseases问题3选项A.An analysis of a few past disasters.B.Mathematical probability calculations.C.A comparison of “cancers” and “corpses”.D.Reports of a companys capital.问题4选项A.unre

61、liable and riskyB.invaluable and subjectiveC.too rough and readyD.clinical and inhumane问题5选项A.How much do you think a persons life is worth?B.Would you say you enjoy taking risks at work?C.How much would you work in an asbestos factory for?D.What reward would you expect for saving someones life?【答案】

62、第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.判断推理题。文章第一段提到公司计划减少工厂排放至空气中的石棉含量，即每毫升空气中纤维含量最多0.5，这是卫生安全局定下的范围（The company is just instituting a programme to reduce the asbestos in the air at the plant to a maximum 0.5 fibers per milliliter of airthe control limit imposed by the Health and Safety Executive irresponsible），因此可以推测目前的含量超过了这个范围，才会需要降低，因此选项C符合题意。2.细节事实题。文章第四段最后一句话提到这些致命的疾病可能要在多年后才出现，而其产生的原因和导致的结果之间的关系具有争议性（The diseases may not appear until years after the proc