考研考博-考博英语-湖北省联考模拟考试题含答案17

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1、考研考博-考博英语-湖北省联考模拟考试题含答案1. 写作题In this part, you are required to write an essay of no less than 200 words on Innovation Consciousness of Ph. D. Students in China. The essay should be based on the outline below:1.1.Importance of innovation consciousness in research work;2.Current situation of innovatio

2、n consciousness of Ph. D. students in China;3.Measures to enhance innovation consciousness of Ph. D. students in China.【答案】Innovation Consciousness of Ph. D. Students in ChinaChina is marching toward an innovative country. Innovation is, so to speak, Chinas national spirit. Without innovation, China

3、 would have no further development. In other words, innovation can promote Chinas social progress and increase its productivity. Its social progress and increase in productivity depend to a large extent on scientific innovation of its Ph. D. candidates. Ph. D. candidates innovation consciousness pla

4、ys an important role in doing their research work well.There is no gainsaying the fact that the overwhelming majority of Ph. D. candidates with innovation consciousness in China have put forward a lot of innovative viewpoints or developed plenty of innovative products, which are undoubtedly conduciv

5、e to the construction of our socialist modernization. But frankly speaking, some Ph. D. candidates lack innovation consciousness. They tend to do what they are told to do by their Ph. D. supervisors. They respect their supervisors so much so that they do not dare to enjoy too much academic freedom,

6、to say nothing of putting forward viewpoints quite different from their supervisors even if theirs are reasonable. Otherwise, they may offend their supervisors and may not be allowed to earn their doctors degrees. Such a phenomenon is undoubtedly bad for the cultivation of innovation consciousness o

7、f Ph. D. candidates in China.Here Id like to make some suggestions on how to enhance innovation consciousness of Ph. D. candidates in China. In the first place, we should create excellent academic atmosphere for Ph. D. candidates. We should encourage those with academic courage to propose creative s

8、cientific ideas conflicting with or even entirely contrary to old-fashioned ones. In the second place, we should award prizes to Ph. D. candidates who have created innovative products and their supervisors. Last but not least, we should not let those who have no creative ideas in their dissertations

9、 get their doctors degrees.2. 单选题Education is one of the key words of our time. A man, without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states

10、“invest” in institutions of learning to get back “interest” in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, is punctuated by textbooksthose purchasable wells of wisdomwhat would civilization

11、 be like without its benefits?So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births; but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on “facts and figures” and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and on the capacit

12、y of a man to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of “college” imaginable. Among the people whom we like to call savages all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to ever

13、y member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is equally equipped for life.It is the ideal condition of the “equal start” which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is bind

14、ing to all. There are no “illiterates”一if the term can be applied to people without a scriptwhile our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of “civilized” nations. This shows how long it was befor

15、e we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the “happy few” during the past centuries.Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry which, in our society, often

16、 hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents, therefore the jungles and the grasslands know of no “juvenile delinquency”. No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children and no father is

17、confronted with his inability to “buy” an education for his child.1.The word “interest” in the first paragraph most probably means（ ）.2.According to the passage, the author seems to be （ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that（ ）. 4.According to the passage, which of the following statements is

18、 true?5.The best title for this passage is（ ）. 问题1选项A.pleasureB.returnsC.shareD.knowledge问题2选项A.against the education in the very early historic timesB.in favor of the educational practice in primitive culturesC.quite happy to see an equal start for everyoneD.positive about our present educational i

19、nstruction问题3选项A.the aim of “equal start” has already been reached among savagesB.savages in ancient times are more civilized than modern peopleC.the modern education system is more democratic than beforeD.there are no illiterates in civilized nations in todays society问题4选项A.Education cant work with

20、out the benefits of textbooks.B.We have not yet decided on our educational models.C.Compulsory schooling is not existent in all nations.D.Our spiritual outlook is better now than before.问题5选项A.Education and Modern CivilizationB.The Significance of Modern EducationC.Educational Investment and the Pro

21、fit It BringsD.Education: A Comparison between Past and Present【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.根据原文句意：由于深信教育的重要性，现代国家“投资”于学习机构，培养一大批开明的，有可能成为领导的青年男女，以此来获得“回报”。“invest”和“interest”相对应，所以选项B正确。2.根据第三段第一句“It is the ideal condition of the “equal start” which only our most progressive forms of modern e

22、ducation try to regain.”这是“平等起步”的理想状态，只有我们最先进的现代教育形式才试图恢复这种理想状态。由此可以推断，作者似乎赞同原始文化中的平等教育传统，所以选项B符合原文。3.根据第二段的最后两句，在我们喜欢称之为野蛮人的人群中，所有由传统继承的知识都为所有人所共享;它被教导给部落的每一个成员，因此在这方面，每个人都是平等地为生活做好准备。由此可知，野蛮人已经达到了“平等起步”的目标，所以选项A正确。4.根据第三段“.our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in Fran

23、ce in 1806, and in England 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of “civilized” nations.”德国于1642年将义务教育列入法律条文，法国在1806年，英国是在1876年，但是在一些“文明”国家仍然不存在。由此可知，并非所有的国家都有义务教育，选项C符合原文。5.结合全文内容可知，本文主要将过去的教育和现代的教育进行对比，指出现代教育的不足之处，选项D最能概括全文，所以正确。3. 单选题The ship was（ ） in a storm off Jamaica.问题1选项A.drownedB.im

24、mergedC.wreckedD.submitted【答案】C【解析】drown淹死，溺死；immerge浸入，浸没；wreck失事；submit使服从。句意：这艘船在离开牙买加的时候，在暴风雨中失事了。选项C符合句意。4. 写作题Directions: You are asked to write an invitation letter to Professor Smith at Oxford University who will attend the International Symposium 2017 on Economy and Environmental Protection

25、, which will be hosted by your university. He will be one of the key-note speakers, and you should provide him with the necessary information about this symposium: duration, accommodation and transportation.1) The title should be “An Invitation Letter”.2) You should write about 150 words on the ANSW

26、ER SHEET.3) Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.【答案】【参考范文】An Invitation Letter5. 单选题Married couples can get a divorce if they find they are not（ ） .问题1选项A.compatibleB.comparableC.comfortableD.communicable【答案】A【解析】compatible能共处的, 兼容的；comparable可比较的, 比得上的；communic

27、able可传达的, 会传染的。句意:已婚夫妇如果发现彼此不能和谐共处, 可以选择离婚。选项A符合语境。6. 翻译题Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese on the ANSWER SHEET.Two years ago, the United Nations warned that a disease called “Panama could destroy” much of the worlds banana crop.

28、 Since then, things have not gotten better. A new outbreak was discovered last year in Australia. The disease started in Asia in the 1990s, and later spread to Africa and the Middle East.World health officials worry the disease could travel to Latin America, one of the top banana producers in the wo

29、rld.(41) The Panama disease is a big concern because bananas are an important source of income and nutrients for millions of people. They are grown in 135 tropical nations. The United Nations lists bananas as one of the most important foods, along with rice, wheat and corn. Bananas also contain a ch

30、emical which it says makes people feel happy.Randy Ploetz, a professor at the University of Florida, is considered by many as Americas top banana expert, or, “top banana.” As he explained Panama disease affects the Cavendish banana, which is the most popular among more than 500 kinds of bananas.“The

31、 industry is waking up to the problem,” Ploetz said Thursday by telephone from Miami, Florida, where he was attending the International Banana Congress.The meeting was supposed to take place in Costa Rica, but was moved at the last minute. There were concerns banana growers could spread Panama disea

32、se from dirt collected on their shoes. Ploetz said.(42) Ploetz(普罗慈) said if the disease spreads to Latin America, it could hurt the worlds economy along with food supplies for millions of people. Still, he said there is reason for hope. Scientists in Australia are working on a genetically engineered

33、 banana that might not be at risk of getting Panama disease. But he wondered if people are ready to accept genetically engineered bananas.Robert Bertram is chief scientist for the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). He said bananas are important to many millions of people all over the

34、 world. “In Africa, Asia and tropical America, bananas are an important food source for more than 100 million people, he told VOA.” As a cash crop, bananas are sold in local, regional and international markets,” Bertram said. Banana exports provide jobs and foreign money that producing countries nee

35、d, he said.Bertram said USAID is organizing a worldwide effort to resist Panama disease. A fungus, known as TR4, causes the Panama disease. Before 2013 Bertram said, it was limited to Asia. Since then, it spread to the Middle East and to Africa. In the 1960s, the same fungus wiped out the Gros Miche

36、l, banana crop, which at the time was the worlds most popular. The Cavendish replaced it.(43) At Wageningen (瓦赫宁根) University in the Netherlands, researchers are looking for Cavendish(卡文迪什) replacements. Their work is difficult. Researchers said the replacements will have to resist Panama disease, a

37、nd survive the shipping time needed to get bananas to stores thousands of miles away from banana fields. And they will have to taste good.【答案】41.【参考译文】香蕉作为一项重大收入来源，同时又是数百万人的营养供给源，因此巴拿马病毒成为当前的一个大问题。全球盛产香蕉的国家有135个。联合国将香蕉，水稻，小麦和玉米列为最重要的作物。香蕉还富含一种能使人感到愉悦的化学物质。42.【参考译文】普罗慈说如果疾病扩散至拉丁美洲，它将威胁到世界经济以及数百万人的食品供

38、应。他说，目前仍有挽救的余地。澳大利亚科学家们正研究可抵御巴拿马疾病的转基因香蕉，但是普罗慈认为人们是否能接受转基因香蕉仍然是一个问题。43.【参考译文】荷兰瓦赫宁根大学的研究人员正在寻找取代卡文迪什香蕉的新品种，这是一项艰巨的工作。研究人员表示，新品种香蕉需抵抗巴拿马疾病并能经得起长时间运输。因为香蕉需运输到几千公里外的市场。当然，得尝起来美味。7. 单选题Wall Street in a conceptual sense represents financial and economic power. To Americans, it can sometimes represent eli

39、tism and power politics, and its role has been a source of controversy throughout the nations history, particularly beginning around the Gilded Age period in the late 19th century. Wall Street became the symbol of a country and economic system that many Americans saw as having developed through trad

40、e, capitalism, and innovation.Wall Street has become synonymous with financial interests, often used negatively. During the mortgage mess from 2007一2010, Wall Street financing was blamed as one of the causes, although most commentators blame an interplay of factors. The U. S. government with the Tro

41、ubled Asset Relief Program bailed out the banks and financial backers with billions of taxpayer dollars, but the bailout was often criticized as politically motivated, and was criticized by journalists as well as the public. One writer in the Huffington Post looked at FBI statistics on robbery, frau

42、d, and crime and concluded that Wall Street was the “most dangerous neighborhood in the United States” if one factored in the $ 50 billion fraud perpetrated by Bernie Madoff. Many complained that the resulting Sarbanes-Oxley legislation dampened the business climate. Interest groups seeking favor wi

43、th Washington lawmakers, such as car dealers, have often sought to portray their interests as allied with Main Street rather than Wall Street. When the United States Treasury bailed out large financial firms, to ostensibly halt a downward spiral in the nations economy, there was tremendous negative

44、political fallout, particularly when reports came out that monies supposed to be used to ease credit restrictions were being used to pay bonuses to highly-paid employees. Analyst William Cohan argued that it was “obscene（肮脏的）” how Wall Street reaped “massive profits and bonuses in 2009” after being

45、saved by “trillions of dollars of American taxpayers treasure” despite Wall Streets “greed and irresponsible risk-taking”. Washington Post reporter Suzanne McGee called for Wall Street to make a sort of public apology to the nation, and expressed dismay that people such as Goldman Sachs chief execut

46、ive Lldyd Blankfein hadnt expressed contrition（悔悟）despite being sued by the SEC （Securities and Exchange Commission）in 2009. McGee wrote that “Bankers arent the sole culprits, but their denials of responsibility and the occasional vague and waffling expression of regret dont go far enough to deflect

47、 anger”.But chief banking analyst at Goldman Sachs, Richard Ramsden, is “unapologetic” and sees “banks as the dynamos（发电机）that power the rest of the economy”. Ramsden believes “risk-taking is vital”. Others in the financial industry believe theyve been unfairly criticized by the public and by politi

48、cians.Images of Wall Street and its figures have loomed large. The 1987 Oliver Stone film Wall Street created the iconic figure of Gordon Gekko who used the phrase “greed is good”, which had an unexpected cultural influence, not causing them to turn away from corporate greed, but causing many young

49、people to choose Wall Street careers.1.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?2.All of the following statements are true EXCEPT（ ） .3.It can be inferred from the passage that the real root of the financial crisis is（ ） .4.In the film Wall Street, Gordon Gekko could best be de

50、scribed as a(n)（ ） .问题1选项A.Physical Layout of Wall Street.B.Wall Street in the Publics Eyes.C.Influences of the Film Wall Street.D.Wall Street as a Financial Center.问题2选项A.Wall Street has aroused considerable public interestB.the bailout program plays a negative role in American politicsC.Wall Stree

51、t is the only offender behind the global economic crisisD.the part Wall Street has played in the American economy is under attack问题3选项A.US governments existing legislation on business climateB.US governments politically-motivated bailout planC.Wall Streets favorable treatment to interest groupsD.Wal

52、l Streets lack of responsibility and humanity问题4选项A.idiotB.idolC.idealistD.gossip【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B【解析】1.结合文章内容可知,第一段主要讲美国公众对华尔街的整体看法,接下来的段落便是具体的描述公众眼中的华尔街。所以选项B最为恰当。2.根据第一段可知选项A正确; 根据第二段第三句“.but the bailout was often criticized as politically motivated, and was criticized by journalists as we

53、ll as the public.”可知选项B正确; 根据第二段的内容可知选项D也正确,只有选项C在文中没有提及,且选项中only表述太绝对。所以本题选C。3.根据第二段分析师William Cohan说的话可知,华尔街金融危机的根源是其贪婪和不负责任的冒险行为所导致的,选项D符合原文。4.根据最后一段的内容可知,电影华尔街塑造了戈登盖柯的标志性人物,他说“贪婪是好的”。这句话产生了意想不到的文化影响,不仅没有让年轻人摆脱集体的贪婪,反而让他们选择来华尔街冒险。由此可知,戈登盖柯被塑造成为了一个偶像,所以选项B正确。8. 单选题Government is an institution resu

54、lting from mans group way of life which maintains a set of social controls in order to prevent chaos. In a small,homogeneous,simple society, these social controls can be imposed and enforced by the family or clan. But in a large, heterogeneous complex society,the institution of government takes over

55、 this function.For purposes of analysis,social control may be divided into moral control and political control. Moral control derives from the internalized beliefs and values of a society and regulations, each individuals behavior without the use of outside enforcement. Political control does involv

56、e enforcement from the outside since the individual is not always certain that the rule he is following is just and right. He follows it to conform,to avoid punishment, or to receive social rewards.Political control is an outgrowth of moral control,and its effectiveness depends on the willingness of

57、 the members of society to accept the governments authority as just and right. A government that is forced to coerce or threaten most of its members into accepting political control not backed with moral control will not survive long. In addition,a wide discrepancy between moral and political contro

58、l will result in a condition of general lawlessness. Such a condition has occurred in the United States on several occasions and is now evident among some groups of society according to “The Roots of Lawlessness” by historian Henry Steele Commander.Government, a major social institution, may be view

59、ed as a set of procedures by which a society realizes a good portion of its goals. Government is further unique as an institution because it serves to reinforce the function of other institutions. Thus,individuals violating the rules and regulation of the economic,educational,or family institutions

60、must ultimately face the punitive power of government.1.A condition characterized by the absence of social organization and social control, and by the belief that political authority is unnecessary is（ ）.2.The internalized form of social control is（ ）.3.Legitimate power rightfully exercised is calle

61、d（ ）.4.Which statement is NOT correct?问题1选项A.moral controlB.political powerC.anarchyD.authority问题2选项A.commitmentB.powerC.authorityD.government问题3选项A.authorityB.charismaC.legitimacyD.morality问题4选项A.Political control must occasionally be controlled by an outside force.B.Political control can exist wit

62、hout moral control in a society.C.Political control reinforce moral control.D.Political control emanates from within.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B【解析】1.根据第一段第一句“Government is an institution resulting from mans group way of life which maintains a set of social controls in order to prevent chaos.”政府是人类群体生活

63、方式所产生的机构, 它维持着一系列的社会控制以防止混乱。反过来说, 缺乏社会组织和社会控制, 认为政治权威是不必要的, 是无政府的状态。所以选项C正确。2.根据第一段的第一句可知, 社会控制的内在化形式是政府。选项D正确。3.根据第三段第一句“Political control is an outgrowth of moral control,and its effectiveness depends on the willingness of the members of society to accept the governments authority as just and righ

64、t.”政治控制是道德控制的产物, 它的有效性取决于社会成员是否愿意把政府的权威看作是正当的和正义的东西。所以正当行使合法权力被称为权威。选项A正确。4.根据第三段第二句“A government that is forced to coerce or threaten most of its members into accepting political control not backed with moral control will not survive long.”被迫威逼大多数成员接受没有道德控制支持的政治控制的政府不会长久。也就是说, 政治控制不能在没有道德控制的社会中存在。选项B与之刚好相反, 所以不正确。9. 单选题This （ ）was conducted to find out how many peo