考研考博-考博英语-黑龙江大学模拟考试题含答案10

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1、考研考博-考博英语-黑龙江大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题What might driving on an automated highway be like? The answer depends on what kind of system is ultimately adopted. Two distinct types are on the drawing board. The first is a special-purpose lane system, in which certain lanes are reserved for automated vehicles. The s

2、econd is a mixed traffic system; fully automated vehicles would share the road with partially automated or manually driven cars. A special-purpose lane system would require more extensive physical modifications to existing highways, but it promises the greatest gains in freeway capacity.Under either

3、 scheme, the driver would specify the desired destination, furnishing this information to a computer in the car at the beginning of the trip or perhaps just before reaching the automated highway. If a mixed traffic system was in place, automated driving could begin whenever the driver was on suitabl

4、y equipped roads. If special-purpose lanes were available, the car could enter them and join existing traffic in two different ways. One method would use a special onramp（入口引道）. As the driver approached the point of entry for the highway, devices installed on the roadside would electronically check

5、the vehicle to determine its destination and to ascertain that it had the proper automation equipment in good working order. Assuming it passed such tests, the driver would then be guided through a gate and toward an automated lane. In this case, the transition from manual to automated control would

6、 be shared by automated and regular vehicles. The driver would steer onto the highway and move in normal fashion to a “transition” lane. The vehicle would then shift under computer control onto a lane reserved for automated traffic. The limitation of these lanes to automated traffic would, presumabl

7、y, be well respected because all trespassers could be swiftly identified by authorities.Either approach to joining, a lane of automated traffic would harmonize the movement of newly entering vehicles with those already traveling. Automatic control here should allow for smooth merging, without the us

8、ual uncertainties and potential for accidents. And once a vehicle had settled into automated travel, the driver would be free to release the wheel, open the morning paper or just relax.1.We learn from the first paragraph that two systems automated highways（ ）.2.A special-purpose lane system is proba

9、bly advantageous in that（ ）.3.Which of the following is TRUE about driving on an automated highway?4.We know from the passage that a car can enter a special-purpose lane（ ）.5.When driving in an automated lane, the driver（ ）.问题1选项A.are being plannedB.are being modifiedC.are now in wide useD.are under

10、 construction问题2选项A.it would require only minor changes to existing highwaysB.it would achieve the greatest highway traffic efficiencyC.it has a lane for both automated and partially automated vehiclesD.it offers more lanes for automated vehicles问题3选项A.Vehicles traveling on it are assigned different

11、 lanes according to their destinations.B.A car can join existing traffic any time in a mixed lane system.C.The driver should inform his car computer of his destination before driving onto it.D.The driver should share the automated lane with those of regular vehicles.问题4选项A.by smoothly merging with c

12、ars on the conventional laneB.by way of a ramp with electronic control devicesC.through a specially guarded gateD.after all trespassers are identified and removed问题5选项A.should harmonize with newly entering carsB.doesnt have to rely on his computer systemC.should watch out for potential accidentsD.do

13、esnt have to hold on to the steering wheel【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段“Two distinct types are on the drawing board两种不同的类型正处于设计阶段。”可知A项“正在被计划中”正确。2.细节事实题。由第一段“A special-purpose lane system would require more extensive physical modifications to existing highways, but it promises the g

14、reatest gains in freeway capacity.一个特殊用途的车道系统需要对现有的高速公路进行更广泛的物理改造，但它有望最大限度地提高高速公路的通行能力。”可知特殊用途的车道系统能给高速公路系统带来便利。故B项正确。3.推理判断题。由第二段“Under either scheme, the driver would specify the desired destination, furnishing this information to a computer in the car at the beginning of the trip or perhaps just

15、before reaching the automated highway. 在这两种方案中，司机将指定想要到达的目的地，并在旅程开始时或在到达自动高速公路之前将这些信息提供给车内的计算机。”可知C项“司机开车前应将目的地告知汽车电脑”正确。4.推理判断题。由第二段“If special-purpose lanes were available, the car could enter them and join existing traffic in two different ways. One method would use a special onramp（入口引道）. As the

16、 driver approached the point of entry for the highway, devices installed on the roadside would electronically check the vehicle to determine its destination and to ascertain that it had the proper automation equipment in good working order. 如果有专用车道，汽车可以通过两种不同的方式进入这些车道并加入现有的车流。一种方法使用一个特殊的斜坡弯道(入口引道)。当

17、司机接近高速公路的入口点时，安装在路边的电子设备将检查车辆，以确定其目的地，并确定其适当的自动化设备处于良好的工作状态。”可知B项“通过带有电子控制装置的斜坡”正确。5.推理判断题。由最后一段“And once a vehicle had settled into automated travel, the driver would be free to release the wheel, open the morning paper or just relax. 一旦车辆进入自动驾驶状态，驾驶员就可以自由地松开方向盘，打开晨报或者只是放松一下。”故D项正确。2. 单选题The judge

18、criticized the lawyer because he didnt keep his remarks to the topic（ ）discussion.问题1选项A.onB.underC.withD.for【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。under discussion“在讨论中”。句意：法官批评了律师，因为他没有在讨论中就这个话题发表言论。B项正确。3. 单选题Other guests at yesterdays opening ceremony, which was broadcast（ ）by the radio station included the Governor a

19、nd the Mayor.问题1选项A.aliveB.liveC.livelyD.living【答案】B【解析】考查近义词辨析。alive“活着的，活泼的，有生气的”；live“直播的，活的”；lively“活泼的，生动的”；living“现存的，活跃的，逼真的”。句意：昨天，广播电台现场直播的开幕式上，其他来宾包括州长和市长。由broadcast可推知是现场直播。故B项正确。4. 单选题A good leader must have character traits that inspire others to accept his leadership. He must display c

20、ourage, intelligence, and（ ）.问题1选项A.wisdomB.braveryC.shrewdnessD.integrity【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。wisdom“智慧”；bravery“勇敢，勇气”；shrewdness“精明，机灵”；integrity“完整，正直”。句意：一个好领导必须有激励他人接受自己领导的特质。他必须表现出自己的勇气，智慧和正直。由courage, intelligence可排除A、B项。C项不符合题意，故D项正确。5. 单选题Taking photographs is strictly（ ）here, as it may damage

21、the precious cave paintings.问题1选项A.forbiddenB.rejectedC.excludeD.denied【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。forbidden“严禁的”；rejected“拒绝的”；exclude“排除”；denied“否定”。由后半句内容“拍照会损害珍贵的洞穴壁画”可推知“拍照是被严格禁止的”符合题意。故A项最符合题意。句意：这里严禁拍照，因为这可能会损坏珍贵的洞穴壁画。6. 单选题With his strong accent, its hard to_ what hes trying to say.问题1选项A.hand outB.sor

22、t outC.send outD.figure out【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. hand out 分发 B. sort out挑选出；分类C. send out发送；派遣 D. figure out想出； 弄明白【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】固定句型it is +形容词+ for sb to do sth，对某人来说做是的。With短语做原因状语。句意为因为他的口音，我们很难听清他在尝试说什么。综上所述，D选项figure out “想出、弄明白”可引申为此句所需的逻辑“弄清”以满足上述条件。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】他的口音很重，很难听

23、懂他想说什么。7. 单选题（ ）tomorrow, he would get there by Friday.问题1选项A.Would he leaveB.Was he leavingC.If he leavesD.Were he to leave【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。由tomorrow可知，从句表示的是对将来事实的虚拟，从句谓语动词的形式有三种，即were to do, should do, 动词的过去式（be动词用were）。并且可将if去掉，将谓语动词放于主语前。故D项正确。句意：如果他明天出发，他周五将到达那里。8. 单选题Many novels that attempt t

24、o mirror the world are really _ of the reality that they represent.问题1选项A.reflectionsB.demonstrationsC.illuminationsD.reproductions【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. reflections 反射 B. demonstrations 示范；展示C. illuminations 启发；阐释 D. reproductions 复制品【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】空格前that引导一个定语从句，先行词是novel，这里mirror做动词表反映，意思为反映世界的小说；空格

25、后of短语做后置定语，表示所代表事实的；根据句意，应该是反映世界的小说是所代表事实的反映。这两处应该相对应。综上所述，A选项reflections“反射”可引申为此句所需的逻辑“反映”以满足上述条件。【干扰项排除】B选项demonstration表示清楚细致地展示；C选项illumination指某物能够被理解；D选项reproduction表示复制出与原物相似的物品。【句意】许多试图反映世界的小说的确反映了它们所代表的现实。9. 翻译题最近的全球经济衰退表明了我们对经济增长的依赖。经济步履蹒跚的时候会发生什么情况？那时，金融市场会崩溃，房地产价格猛跌，就业率降低。这么一来，凯恩斯经济学就会重

26、新兴起。政府投入大量资金，让经济重新运转，同时寄希望于减税和财政刺激来促进投资、生产和就业。【答案】The recent global recession has demonstrated our dependence on economic growth. What happens when the economy falters? Financial markets would collapse, housing prices would plummet and employment would fall. Keynesian economics could be revived. The

27、 government poured money into getting the economy moving again, hoping tax cuts and fiscal stimulus would boost investment, production and employment.10. 单选题In the collected body of writing we call literature, there may be distinguished two separate groupings capable of blending, but also fitted for

28、 reciprocal repulsion. There is first the literature of knowledge, and secondly the literature of power. The function of the first is to teach; the function of the second is to move. The first speaks to the mere discursive understanding; the second speaks ultimately to the higher understanding or re

29、ason, but always through the affections of pleasure and sympathy. Whenever we talk in ordinary language of seeking information or gaining knowledge, we understand the works as connected with absolute novelty. But it is the grandeur of all truth which can occupy a very high place in human interests,

30、although it may not be absolutely novel even to the meanest of minds.What do we learn from “Paradise Lost”? Nothing at all. What do we learn from a cook book? Something new, something we did not know before, in every paragraph. But would we therefore put the wretched cookbook on a higher level of es

31、timation than the divine poem? What we owe to Milton is not any knowledge, of which a million separate items are still but a million advancing steps on the same earthly level. What we owe is power, that is, exercise and expansion of your own latent capacity of sympathy with the infinite, where every

32、 pulse and each separate influx is a step upwardsa step ascending as upon Jacobs ladder from earth to mysterious altitudes above the earth. All the steps of knowledge, from first to last, carry us farther on the same plane, but could never raise us one foot above your ancient level on earth, whereas

33、, the very first step of power is flightan ascending into another element where earth is forgotten.1.The passage is written to（ ）.2.According to the passage, the literature of knowledge are（ ）.3.The sentence “The first speaks to the mere discursive understanding” means（ ）.4.The true implication conc

34、erning the comparison between “Paradise Lost” and a cookbook is（ ）.5.Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?问题1选项A.differentiate between the attainment of factual knowledge and the arrival at philosophical understandingB.disparage intellectual activities and the attainmen

35、t of learningC.encourage mysticism as a desirable philosophical goalD.inspire writers to produce more practical books问题2选项A.teachers booksB.books from which we seek information or gain knowledgeC.informative literary worksD.books about the rudder问题3选项A.The first classification of literature is only

36、for reader with discursive understanding.B.Books teaching knowledge are not so logically produced as philosophical readers.C.The literature of knowledge are understood as random works.D.To read a book in the first classification of literature involves only a lower, discursive understanding on the pa

37、rt of the reader.问题4选项A.“Paradise Lost” is more informative than a cookbookB.both books are equally evaluatedC.wretched as it is, a cookbook is more valuable than “Paradise Lost”，from which welearn nothing at allD.“Paradise Lost” is greater than a cookbook问题5选项A.We have gained most of our knowledge

38、from the reading of political treatises.B.The first step on the moon was mankinds most important moment.C.Recipe for bread is worth a thousand poems.D.Great literature must address itself to fundamental philosophical truths rather than to material progress.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.意图题。由第一段

39、“There is first the literature of knowledge, and secondly the literature of power.第一种是知识文学，第二种是力量文学。”以及后文对两者进行对比分析，可知本文主要是阐述了知识文学与力量文学的差异。故A项正确。2.细节事实题。由第一段“There is first the literature of knowledge, and secondly the literature of power. The function of the first is to teach; the function of the se

40、cond is to move. 首先是知识的文学，其次是力量的文学。第一种文学的功能是教化;第二种文学的功能是动之以情。”可知B项“知识文学是我们可以从中获取信息和知识的书籍。”正确。A、C、D三项都是属于知识文学中的一种，不能将知识文学归为其中的某一类。3.推理判断题。由第一段“ The first speaks to the mere discursive understanding; the second speaks ultimately to the higher understanding or reason, but always through the affections

41、of pleasure and sympathy.第一种文学只是纯粹的散乱无章的理解；第二种文学最终指向更高层次的理解或理性，但总是通过愉悦和同情的情感。”可知知识文学在逻辑理解方面不如力量文学严密。故B项正确。4.推理判断题。由第二段“ But would we therefore put the wretched cookbook on a higher level of estimation than the divine poem? What we owe to Milton is not any knowledge, of which a million separate items

42、 are still but a million advancing steps on the same earthly level. 但是，我们会因此把这本拙劣的烹饪书置于比神圣的诗歌更高的评价水平吗?我们从弥尔顿那里得到的并不是什么知识，即使有一百万个不同的东西，也不过是在同一个地球上前进了一百万步而已。”可知作者将这两个作品进行对比，肯定了Paradise Lost的价值，给予了其更高的评价。故D项正确。5.主旨大意题。本文将知识文学和力量文学进行了对比，并表达了对力量文学的肯定。由最后一段“ All the steps of knowledge, from first to last,

43、 carry us farther on the same plane, but could never raise us one foot above your ancient level on earth, whereas, the very first step of power is flightan ascending into another element where earth is forgotten. 知识的每一步，从头到脚，都只是带我们在同一个层面上走得更远，却永远不能使我们凌驾于尘世毫厘之上。然而，力量文学的第一步是飞行一种超越凡尘的飞跃。”可知作者强调了力量文学的价值

44、，即能超凡脱俗，带人们在更高的层面上取得进步。故D项“伟大的文学作品必须致力于基本的哲学真理，而不是物质进步。”正确。A项“我们的大部分知识都是从阅读政治论文中获得的。”B项“登上月球的第一步是人类最重要的时刻。”C项“面包的配方胜过千首诗。”在文中都找不到依据。11. 单选题Aid was sent to the earthquake victims at the _ of the Iranian government.问题1选项A.sightB.interestC.requireD.request【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. sight 视力；景象 B. interest 兴趣；利益

45、C. require 需要；要求（动词） D. request 请求；需要【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】空格处应填一个名词，of短语做后置定语表示government“政府”的，根据句意，地震发生后，应该是按照政府的需求送去援助。D选项request请求；需要符合语境。【干扰项排除】A选项sight“视力；景象”不符合语境；B选项interest“兴趣；利益”不符合语境；C选项require“需要”，是一个动词，而该处应填名词。【句意】应伊朗政府的要求，救援物质已运送给地震灾民。12. 单选题He failed to（ ）himself to the new environment.问题1选

46、项A.adoptB.adaptC.attachD.abduct【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。adopt“采用，收养”；adapt“适应”；attach“使联系，使依附”；abduct“绑架，诱拐”。句意：他不能适应新环境。B项符合题意。13. 单选题He seems to think the plan will work, but I am（ ）about its success.问题1选项A.unbelievingB.unbelievableC.incredibleD.skeptical【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。unbelieving“不相信的”；unbelievable“难以置信

47、的，不可信的”；incredible“难以置信的，惊人的，极好的”；skeptical“怀疑的”。句意：他似乎觉得这个计划会凑效，但我对它的成功表示怀疑。前半句表达的是一个人相信的态度，由but可知后半句态度与之相反，即怀疑的态度。故D项正确。be skeptical about对表示怀疑。14. 单选题It is through learning that the individual_ many habitual ways of reacting to situations.问题1选项A.retainsB.gainsC.achievesD.acquires【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A.

48、 retains保持 B. gains获得C. achieves达到；实现 D. acquires获得；取得【考察点】近义词辨析。【解题思路】B、C、D三个选项都有“获得，实现”的意思。of reacting to situations做habitual ways的后置定语。句意为获得对各种情况作出反应的许多习惯方式。acquire指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等。这里与habitual ways相符合。因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项retain在这里不符合句子逻辑；B选项gain指获得，赢得，经过努力或奋斗获得某种利益；C选项achieve得到，获得，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。以

49、上选项均不能和habitual ways搭配。【句意】正是通过学习，个人获得了对各种情况作出反应的许多习惯方式。15. 单选题（ ）, he does get irritated with her sometimes.问题1选项A.As he likes her muchB.Much although he likes herC.Though much he likes herD.Much as he likes her【答案】D【解析】考查倒装。although引导让步状语从句时，从句不倒装；而as引导让步状语从句时，从句需要倒装。故D项正确。句意：尽管他喜欢她，可有时候他确实会对她发火。故

50、D项正确。16. 单选题It is considered not（ ）to litter in public places.问题1选项A.respectfulB.respectedC.respectableD.respective【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。respectful“对恭敬的，尊敬的”；respected“受尊敬的，德高望重的”；respectable“可敬的，值得尊敬的，体面的”；respective“各自的，分别的”。句意：在公共场所乱丢东西被认为是不被人尊敬的。C项符合题意。17. 单选题The material（ ）the apparatus is made is a

51、 good nonconductor of heat.问题1选项A.with whichB.of whichC.from whichD.with what【答案】B【解析】考查语法。be made of sth“由组成”。故B项正确。句意：制造这种仪器的材料是一种很好的热绝缘体。故B项正确。18. 写作题Directions: For this part, you are allowed to write a composition on the topic of “On the Aging Population”. You should write at least 160-180 word

52、s.【答案】略19. 写作题The graphs below show the change of infant mortality and life expectancy in a country. Write an essay of 200 words. Your essay must be based on the instructions as follows:1. Describe the graphs2. Give some reasons3. Predict the future infant mortality【答案】略20. 翻译题从一定角度上看，教育的目的实质上就是通过生存

53、知识的获得和生存能力的提高而使受教育者为未来的生活做好准备；而社会教育就是通过社会方式来实现这一目的。对于任何人来说，生活可以有两个目标：一是达到或维持基本的生存水平，二是提高到更高层次。为达到这两个目标其实生活中它们是融合在一起的，一般不会有人把两者割裂开来任何时代、任何区域和社会阶层都会对作为社会成员生活在这一时空与社会交叉点上的人有一个基本或起码的知识和能力客观要求。【答案】From a certain point of view, the purpose of education is to make the educated prepare for the future life t

54、hrough the acquisition of survival knowledge and the improvement of survival ability. Social education is to achieve this goal through social means. For anyone, life can have two goals. One is to achieve or maintain a basic level of survival, and the other is to improve to a higher level. In order t

55、o achieve these two goalsin fact, they are integrated in life, and generally no one will cut them apartany era, any region and social class will have a basic or minimum objective requirement of knowledge and ability for people living at the intersection of time, space and society as members of the society.