考研考博-考博英语-东北大学模拟考试题含答案42

《考研考博-考博英语-东北大学模拟考试题含答案42》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研考博-考博英语-东北大学模拟考试题含答案42（30页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、考研考博-考博英语-东北大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题She thought it could do no harm to（ ）her escort a bit, at least on his taste in wines.问题1选项A.complementB.flatterC.flattenD.decorate【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项complement“补足；补充”；B选项flatter “奉承；谄媚；使高兴”；C选项flatten“击败；摧毁；使 平坦”；D选项decorate“装饰；布置”。句意：她认为，稍微奉承下她的陪同不可能带来害处，至少在奉承其对葡萄酒的品味

2、上不可能带来害处。结合此处语境，B选项正确。2. 单选题Hawaiis native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipelagos political establishment, which includes the white Americans who dominated until the Second World War and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origin

3、, is opposed to the idea.The islands were annexed by the U.S. in 1898 and since then Hawaiis native people have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the states homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the a

4、verage Hawaiians. They are the only major U.S. native group without some degree of autonomy.But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaiis first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to r

5、e-establish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy within the state as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a s

6、tate agency set up in 1978 to represent to natives interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the U.S.But if Hawaiian natives are

7、given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood.Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawai

8、ian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1933, the state government paid the OHA U.S. $136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by a

9、ccepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.1. Hawaiis native minority refers to （ ）.2. Which of the following statements is true of the Hawaiian natives?3. Which of the following is Not true of John Waihee?4.Which of the fol

10、lowing groups holds a less radical attitude on the matter of sovereignty?5.Various native Hawaiians demand all the following Except （ ）.问题1选项A.Hawaiis ethnic groupsB.people of Filipino originC.the Ka Lahui groupD.people with 50% Hawaiian blood问题2选项A.Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed.B

11、.Their life span is 5 years shorter than average Americans.C.Their life is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii.D.They are the only native group without sovereignty.问题3选项A.He is Hawaii first native governor.B.He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee.C.He suggested the native people

12、 decide for themselves.D.He is leading the local independence movement.问题4选项A.American Indian natives.B.Office of Hawaiian Affairs.C.The Ka Lahui group.D.The Hawaiian natives.问题5选项A.a greater autonomy within the stateB.more back rent on the crown landC.a claim on the Hawaiian crown landD.full indepe

13、ndence from the U.S.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干关键词Hawaiis native minority可以定位到文章第二段第一句“The islands were annexed by the U.S., in 1898 and since then Hawaiis native peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups.”，中文翻译为：这个群岛于1898年被美国吞并，从那时起，夏威夷土著居民的遭遇比其他种族群体的遭遇更为悲惨。可以判断

14、只有A项“夏威夷的种族群体”正确。2.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文第二段“since then Hawaiis native people have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups.”，中文大意为：自那以后，夏威夷的土著居民比其他种族的境况更糟糕。C选项正确，符合题意。3.细节事实题。由A，B，C选项可定位到原文第三段中“But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaiis first native governor, John Waihee, has given the

15、 natives cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to re-establish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.”，中文翻译为：由夏威夷的第一位本土官员 John Waihee成立的主权咨询委员会对土著居民的事件起到了推动作用，该委员会建议夏威夷土著居民应该自主决定是否需要重新成立一个夏威夷主权国家。判断A，B，C选项正确，排除；D选项在文章内没有相关信息介绍，故选D。4.细节事实题。由题干关键词“a less radi

16、cal attitude”可以定位到文章第四段第三句“This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement.”，中文翻译为：这是夏威夷事务办公室（OHA）支持的态度，OHA作为一个国家机关成立于1978年，代表着当地人民的利益，

17、如今在面对土著居民主权运动上保持着温和的态度。故选B。5.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文最后一段“They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted.”，中文翻译为：他们还希望能够要回66万公顷的夏威夷公有土地。可知夏威夷是想美国政府承认其所有权而不仅仅是更多的租金。因此B选项“更多的拖欠皇家土地的租金”符合题意。3. 单选题He built a large fence because he heard his neighbor was going to（ ）on his p

18、roperty.问题1选项A.appositeB.execrableC.utilitarianD.impinge【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。impinge on“影响；撞击；侵犯”。句意为：因为听说邻居将会侵犯自己的财产，所以他修建了一个大的围栏。根据句意可知D选项正确。4. 单选题The jungle frightened the travelers because it seemed（ ）.问题1选项A.abismalB.abbysmalC.abyzmalD.abysmal【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A，B以及C选项不是正确的英文单词；D选项 abysmal“深不可测的”。句

19、意：这个丛林使旅行者惊恐万分，因为它似乎是深不可测的。根据句意，D选项正确。5. 单选题Knowing that he was promoted, Jason could hardly be（ ）on the phone.问题1选项A.adherentB.adhesiveC.coherentD.inherent【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项adherent“附着的；黏着的”；B选项adhesive“黏着的；带黏性的”；C选项coherent“连贯的；清晰的；条理清楚的”；D选项inherent“固有的；内在的；与生俱来的，遗传的”。句意：在得知自己升职后，杰森在电话里几乎不能条理

20、清楚地讲话。根据句意，C选项正确。6. 单选题The diversity of tropical plants in the region represents a seemingly（ ）source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilized.问题1选项A.remarkableB.controversialC.inexhaustibleD.deficient【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项remarkable“卓越的；非凡的”；B选项controversial“有争议的”；C选项inexhaustible“用

21、不完的；不知疲倦的”；D选项deficient“有缺陷的；不充分的”。句意：这个地区热带植物的多样性象征着一个看来似乎用不完的原材料资源，而这其中只有一些被利用。结合此处语义，C选项正确。7. 单选题The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success,

22、making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed “Intuition” to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty,

23、and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; ot

24、hers view it as an excuse for capriciousness.Isenbergs recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second,

25、 managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice int

26、o an integrated picture, often in an “Aha” experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are

27、 occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cogn

28、itive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that “thinking” is inseparable from acting. Since managers often “know” what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain

29、later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.Given the great uncertainty of many of the manag

30、ement issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the p

31、roblem, not just of implementing the solution.1.According to the text, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to （ ）.2.The text suggests which of the following about the “writers on management” mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2?3.It can be inferred from the text that which

32、of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis?4.The text provides support for which of the following statements?5.Which of the following best describes the organi

33、zation of the first paragraph of the text?问题1选项A.speed up the creation of a solution to a problemB.identify a problemC.bring together disparate factsD.stipulate clear goals问题2选项A.They have criticized managers for not following classical rational model of decision analysis.B.They have not based their

34、 analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.C.They have based their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.D.They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decision.问题3选项A.Manager X analyzes first and then acts; Manager Y does not.B.Ma

35、nager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis; Manager Y does not.C.Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem; Manger Y does not.D.Manger Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem; Manager X does not.问题4选项A.Manage

36、rs who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.B.Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.C.Managers intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills.D.Intuition enables manages to employ their practical experience more efficient

37、ly.问题5选项A.An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is given.B.A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.C.The results of recent research are introduced and summarized.D.Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated.【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.【试题解

38、析】细节事实题。通过A选项“加快产生问题的解决办法”定位到原文第三段“Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution.”中文翻译：最后，经理们可以使用直觉去绕开深入分析，从而迅速地产生一个可能的解决办法。通过B选项“识别问题”定位到原文第三段“First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists.”中文翻译：首先，当问题存在时，他们直觉地感觉到。通过C选项“整合不同的

39、事实”定位到原文第三段“A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture.”中文翻译：直觉的第三个功能将孤立的数据和做法综合成一个完整的画面。选项D“规定明确的目标”在文章内没有被提及，故选D。2.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第二段“In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is.”中文翻译：然而，一般来说，这样

40、的作者表现出对直觉的理解贫乏。可知最佳答案为D选项“他们误解了经理们在做经营决策中如何使用直觉”。3.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第一段“the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision.”中文翻译：传统的理性模式先明确

41、目标、评估问题、形成选择、估计成功的可能、做决定，然后采取行动实施决定，以及“Rather. to integrate action into the process of thinking.”中文翻译为：而是将行动合并到思考的过程中。可以推断出答案选择C“经理X采取行动来得到问题的解决方法；经理Y却不这样”。4.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第三段“Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly.”中文翻译为：第二个方式是，经理依赖直觉快速地执行充分学习到的行

42、为模式，以及“Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.”中文翻译为：按照这种方式被使用的直觉几乎是一种即刻的认知过程，而在该过程中经理认出类似的模式。因此判断正确答案为D“直觉能让经理更有效地使用他们的实践经验”。5.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第一段“The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow

43、the classical rational model of”中文翻译为：大多数成功的高级经理在工作管理上都不紧紧地遵循传统的理性模式以及“Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers”中文翻译为：而是，在他们日常战术策略中可知，正确答案为B项“摒弃一种传统的模式，然后介绍一种替代的选择”。8. 单选题Recently a number of cases have been reported of young children（ ）a violent act previously seen on television.问题1选项A.modify

44、ingB.duplicatingC.acceleratingD.stimulating【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项modify“修改，修饰；更改”；B选项duplicate “复制；模仿”；C选项accelerate“加速；促进；增加”；D选项stimulate“刺激；鼓舞，激励”。句意：最近，许多有关少年儿童模仿先前在电视上所看到的暴力行为的案件被报道。根据句意，判断出B选项正确。9. 单选题Her letter was in such a casual crawl, and in such pale ink, that it was（ ）.问题1选项A.vagueB.ille

45、gibleC.ambiguousD.intelligible【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项vague“模糊的；含糊的；不明确的；暧昧的”；B选项illegible“难辨认的；字迹模糊的”；C选项ambiguous“模糊不清的；引起歧义的”；D选项intelligible“可理解的；明了的”。句意：她的文字是如此随意的爬行和如此暗淡，以至于它是难辨认的。根据句意可知B选项正确。10. 单选题The girl had an（ ）manner which made her very popular at school.问题1选项A.insoutiantB.insouciantC.ins

46、ousantD.insuciant【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。B选项insouciant“漫不经心的，漠不关心的；无忧无虑的”；A，C和D这三项在英语中不存在。句意：这个女孩有着无忧无虑的举止，这让她在学校很受欢迎。结合句意，B选项正确。11. 单选题There is much I enjoy about the changing seasons, but my favorite time is the（ ） from fall to winter.问题1选项A.transmissionB.transformationC.transitionD.transfer【答案】C【解析】考查

47、名词词义辨析。A选项transmission“传动装置；传送；播送”；B选项transformation“转化；转换；改革；变形”；C选项transition“过渡；转变”；D选项transfer“转让；转移；传递；过户”。句意：虽然我对于变化的季节有很多喜欢的地方，但是我最喜欢的时间是从秋天到冬天的过渡。由句意可知C选项正确。12. 单选题He looked pale, tired and depressed, for although he had been working for fifteen（ ）days on the project, his boss was still far

48、from being satisfied with the result.问题1选项A.consecutiveB.continuousC.consequentD.controversial【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项consecutive“连贯的；连续不断的（中间没有停顿的）”；B选项continuous“持续的；继续的（中间是可以间断的）”；C选项consequent“随之发生的；作为结果的”；D选项controversial“有争议的；有争论的”。句意：他脸色苍白、疲倦且沮丧，因为尽管他在这个项目上连续不断地工作了15天，但是他的老板对结果仍很不满意。根据句意可知A选项正确

49、。13. 单选题It is all very well to blame traffic jam, the cost of petrol and the fast pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming deplorable. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is all very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in t

50、he drivers seat is another matter. You might tolerate the odd road-hog（占道者）, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be Kind to Other Drivers” campaign; otherwise it may get completely out of hand.Road courtesy is not only good manners

51、, but good sense too. It takes the most good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to hit back when subjected to uncivilized behavior. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of courtesy helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern t

52、raffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of courtesy are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays dont even seem able to recognize courtesy when they see it.Contrary to general opinion, young drivers have better manners than their seniors. But this is short-lived in the world of modern driving

53、where many drivers neither expect nor give any mercy. This may be encouraged on the battlefield but is out of place on the roads.Lorry drivers say they have almost abandoned the practice of signaling cars to overtake when the road is clear, because many of the cars took too long to pass. They couldn

54、t be bothered to select a lower gear. The car drivers, after overtaking, slowed down again and hogged the road. Again, a motoring magazine has recently drawn attention to the increasing number of drivers who never wait for gaps. “They manufacture them by force, using their direction indicators as a

55、threat rather than a warning.” Punch-ups （打群架）are quite common. It cant be long before we hear of pistols and knives being used.Driving is essentially a state of mind. However technically skilled a driver may be, he cant be an advanced motorist if he is always arrogant and aggressive.1. The author i

56、s most concerned about （ ）.2. The word “deplorable” (Para. 1) most probably means “（ ）”.3. The word “courtesy” (Paragraph 2) most probably means “（ ）”.4. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?5. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that （ ）.6. An example of good manners on the roads is （ ）.7. According

57、 to the author, a good driver should （ ）.问题1选项A.traffic jamB.road mannersC.fast pace of lifeD.high cost of petrol问题2选项A.more seriousB.more temptingC.disturbingD.noticeable问题3选项A.drivingB.wavingC.good mannersD.bad manners问题4选项A.Many drivers tend to fight back against rude behaviors.B.A little courtes

58、y may help ease the tensions on the road.C.Goodwill and tolerance may help relieve traffic jam.D.Many drivers nowadays lack a good sense of courtesy.问题5选项A.young drivers are more aggressiveB.young drivers would soon lose their good mannersC.elder drivers are more cautiousD.elder drivers should impro

59、ve their driving skills问题6选项A.signaling cars to overtakeB.manufacturing a gapC.selecting a lower gearD.using the direction indicator问题7选项A.be technically skilledB.have a good state of mindC.be sympathetic with othersD.take good care of his vehicle【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B第6题:A第7题:B【解析】1.【试题解析】主旨

60、大意题。作者围绕交通文明而展开论述。因此B项“道路礼貌”比较符合本文主旨。2.【试题解析】词义题。“deplorable”所在句为：It is all very well to blame traffic jam, the cost of petrol and the fast pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming deplorable （交通堵塞、汽油价格和现代生活的快节奏固然应该指责，但道路上的礼仪正变得）。由此可知，deplorable有“糟糕，变坏”之意，故选A。3.【试题解析】词义题。对于“courtes

61、y”的理解可参考其所在句子：A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of courtesy helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of courtesy are all too rare today.（个友好的点头或挥手以回应一个的行为，有助于创造友好和宽容的氛围，而这正是现代交通条件下迫切需要

62、的。但是这种礼貌的回应现如今实在太少见了），由此可知，courtesy意为“礼貌”。4.【试题解析】主旨大意题。第二段先是提出了道路文明，尾句是主题句：这种礼貌的回应现如今实在太少见了。现在当遇到这样的情况，许多司机甚至都意识不到这种礼貌或好意。因此D项“现在许多司机缺乏礼貌意识”比较符合第二段大意。5.【试题解析】判断推理题。第三段指出：But this is short-lived in the world of modern driving where many drivers neither expect nor give any mercy.（但是这会是短暂的，在这个现代的驾驶世界，

63、许多司机既不期待也不给予任何宽容），由此推测，B项“年轻的司机很快就会失去他们的礼貌”正确。6.【试题解析】判断推理题。第四段指出：卡车司机说，他们几乎已经放弃了在道路畅通时向汽车发出超车信号的做法，自己懒得麻烦变道，即使这么做了，上来的车也不会有好的做法。因此，这属于一种道路礼貌的行为，故选A项。7.【试题解析】判断推理题。Driving is essentially a state of mind. However technically skilled a driver may be, he cant be an advanced motorist if he is always arrogant and aggressive.（开车是一种心态，技术再好的司机，如果傲慢