考研考博-考博英语-桂林理工大学模拟考试题含答案31

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1、考研考博-考博英语-桂林理工大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题The number of speakers of English in Shakespeares time is estimated to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a native language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia an

2、d New Zealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas, there are a great many regional and social varieties of the language, as well as various levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.It is virtually impossible to estimate the number of p

3、eople in the world who have acquired an adequate working knowledge of English in addition to their own language. The purposes for which English is learned and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is difficult to define and still more difficult to assess what consti

4、tutes an adequate working knowledge for each situation.The main reason for the widespread demand for English is its present-day importance as a world language. Besides serving the infinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of the most important works in science, techn

5、ology, and other fields are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for such purposes as meteorological and airport communications, international conferences, and the dissemination（传播）of information over the radio and television networks of many nations. It is a language

6、 of wider communication for a number of developing countries, especially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multilingual populations and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce industry, law and education as well as for international comm

7、unication and for access to the scientific and technological development in the West.26. There are about 260 million people who can speak_.27. According to this passage, the English language might be used_.28. The author seems to be wondering_.29. “these countries” （Para.3）most probably refers to_.3

8、0. A common language is necessary for some multi-lingual countries_.问题1选项A.English in its regional varietyB.English in its standard varietyC.English as a second languageD.English as a working language问题2选项A.for only one reason that English is becoming an international languageB.mainly by people from

9、 the American continent and the European continentC.as an official language in an international conference on the American cultureD.in science and technology as well as in cultural and historical studies of all countries问题3选项A.what makes up ones adequate working knowledge of EnglishB.why English can

10、 serve so many needs of various peopleC.how to relate the technological problems in airport communicationsD.when English became so widely used问题4选项A.the developing countries which used to be coloniesB.the former British colonies which now are developingC.the colonized countries which become as stron

11、g as BritainD.the developing countries which are still colonized by Britain问题5选项A.for both internal and international communicationsB.for access to the development in other countriesC.for higher efficiency of the government and better life of the publicD.for wider communications among colonial natio

12、ns【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A【解析】26.事实细节题。定位到第一段第二三句，Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a native language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in the

13、se areas, there are a great many regional and social varieties of the language“今天，据估计大约有2.6亿人把英语作为母语使用，主要分布在美国、加拿大、英国、爱尔兰、南非、澳大利亚和新西兰。除了在这些地区发现的标准英语变体外，还有许多地区和社会的英语变体”，由此可知答案选B选项“标准英语”。A选项“具有地域多样性的英语”，见正确选项，由此可知这里错误，属于反向干扰。C选项“英语作为第二语言”，文章没有提及属于无中生有，所以不选。D选项“作为工作语言的英语”，文章没有提及属于无中生有，所以不选。27.事实细节题。定位到

14、第三段第二句话Besides serving the infinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of the most important works in science, technology, and other fields are being produced, and not always by native speakers.“除了满足以英语为母语的人无穷无尽的需求外，在科学、技术和其他领域，一些最重要的著作也是用英语写成的，而且这些著作并不总是由以英语为母语的人写成的”，

15、从这里可知D选项“（被用）在科学和技术以及所有国家的文化和历史研究中”正确；A选项“英语成为国际语言只有一个原因”，定位到第二段最后一句The purposes for which English is learned and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is difficult to define and still more difficult to assess what constitutes an adequate working knowledge for each

16、situation.“学习英语的目的和学习英语的环境是如此不同，很难定义，更难以评估什么构成了每一种情况下的充分的工作知识。”从这里可知人们学习英语的目的不同，也就导致英语成为国际语言的原因是多种因素综合起来的，所以A选项错误，这里属于以偏概全；B选项“主要是来自美洲大陆和欧洲大陆的人”，定位到第一段第二句话mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand.“主要分布在美国、加拿大、英国、爱尔兰、南非、澳大利亚和新西兰”从这里可知B选项错误，非

17、洲大陆也有很多国家讲英语，这里属于以偏概全；C选项“作为美国文化国际会议的官方语言”，定位到第三段第三句It is widely used for such purposes as meteorological and airport communications, international conferences, and the dissemination of information over the radio and television networks of many nations.“它被广泛用于气象和机场通信、国际会议以及通过许多国家的无线电和电视网络传播信息等目的”，从这

18、里可以看出不止是美国，很多国家在开国际会议时都用的是英语，这里属于以偏概全。28.主旨大意题。关注首末两段中心句，第一段中心句是第二句there are a great many regional and social varieties of the language, as well as various levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms. “这种语言有许多地区和社会变体，在口语和书面形式中也有不同程度的用法”，这是文章的中心句，这段说明英语的广泛使用；第三段中心句是The main

19、 reason for the widespread demand for English is its present-day importance as a world language“对英语的广泛需求的主要原因是它作为一种世界语言在当今的重要性”，这段讲的是为什么很多人会学英语的原因。结合两者可知作者主要是弄清楚B选项“为什么英语能满足不同人的需求”。A选项“是什么构成了一个人足够的英语工作知识”，作者已经在第二段最后一句说明了it is difficult to define and still more difficult to assess what constitutes an

20、 adequate working knowledge for each situation. “定义每种情况下的充分工作知识是困难的，更困难的是评估”，所以这里不能选，属于反向干扰。C选项“如何联系机场通讯中的技术问题”，文章没有提及属于无中生有。D选项“当英语变得如此广泛使用时”，见正确选项，文章的主要内容是为什么英语被广泛使用的原因，不是时间，这里属于反向干扰。29.事实细节题，定位到第三段倒数第二句It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, especially former

21、 British colonies.从这里可以看出“这些国家”指的是以前被英国殖民过的发展中国家，B选项“现在正在发展的前英国殖民地”是其同义替代选项，所以答案选B选项；A选项“曾经是殖民地的发展中国家”，见正确选项，以前是殖民地但不一定是英国的殖民地，属于偷换概念。C选项“成为和英国一样强大的殖民地国家”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。D选项“仍然被英国殖民的发展中国家”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。30.事实细节题。定位到第三段最后一句话 Many of these countries have multilingual populations and need a language for

22、 internal communication in such matters as government, commerce industry, law and education as well as for international communication and for access to the scientific and technological development in the West.“这些国家中有许多人口使用多种语言，在政府、商业、工业、法律和教育等方面的内部交流以及国际交流和了解西方的科学和技术发展都需要一种语言。”从这里可以知道答案选A选项“用于国内和国际

23、交流”。B选项“为了和其他国家的发展接轨”文章没有提及，属于无中生有。C选项“为了更高的效率和更好的公众生活”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。D选项“殖民国家之间更广泛的交流”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。2. 填空题Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from

24、 which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet.Caring for elderly parents catches many unpreparedA Last July, Julie Baldocchis mother had a massive stroke a

25、nd was paralyzed. Baldocchi suddenly had to become a family caregiver, something that she wasnt prepared for. “I was flying by the seat of my pants,” says Baldocchi, an employment specialist in San Francisco. Both of her parents are 83, and she knew her father couldnt handle her mothers care. The ho

26、spital recommended putting her mother in a nursing home. Baldocchi wasnt willing to do that. But moving her back into her parents home created other problems. Baldocchi, 48, is married and lives about a mile away from her parents. She has a full-time job and has back problems that make it difficult

27、for her to lift her mother. “I couldnt do it all,” she says. But I didnt even know how to find help.”B With help from the family Caregiver Alliance, she eventually hired a live-in caregiver. “But even if you plan intellectually and legally, youre never ready for the emotional impact,” Baldocchi says

28、. In the first two months after her mothers stroke, she lost about 30 pounds as stress mounted. More than 42 million Americans provide family caregiving for an adult who needs help with daily activities, according to a 2009 survey by the AARP. An additional 61.6 million provided at least some care d

29、uring the year. And many are unprepared.C While many parents lack an advance care directive, its the most basic and important step they can take. The directive includes several parts, including: a durable power of attorney, which gives some one legal authority to make financial decisions on anothers

30、 behalf; a health care proxy, which is similar to the power of attorney, except it allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment; and a living will that outlines instructions for end-of-life care. (For example, parents can say if they want to be kept alive by artificial measures.) “It

31、s invaluable for the kids, because its hard to make those decisions for a parent,” says Jennifer Cona, an elder-law attorney at Genser Dubow Genser & Cona in Melville, N.Y. An advance care directive is the first line of defense if a situation arises, says Kathleen Kelly, executive director of the Fa

32、mily Caregiver Alliance, which supports and educates caregivers. Without an advance directive, the family will have to petition the court to be appointed the parents legal guardian, says AgingC.D Its important for families to talk about long-term care so the adult children know their parents prefere

33、nces, wishes an goals, says Lynn Feinberg, a caregiving expert at AARP. But its not an easy conversation. Elderly parents are sometimes suspicious of their childrens financial motives, says Susan John, a financial planner at Financial Focus in Wolfeboro, N.H. One client asked John to hold a family m

34、eeting because they needed an intermediary to talk about financial issues, she says. And when there are many siblings, the family decisions can become a three-ring circus with much acrimony, says Ann-Margaret Carrozza, an elder-law attorney in Glen Cove, N.Y. Families who need information and help s

35、orting out disagreements can call on elder-law attorneys, financial planners, geriatric care managers and caregiver support groups. In February, AARP said it will offer its members a new caregiving support service through financial services firm Genworth.E Many families are unprepared for quick deci

36、sions, especially when they find out that Medicare doesnt pay for long-term care, Feinberg says. The median cost of a year in a private room at a nursing home in 2011 was $77,745, according to Genworth. And only those who have spent most of their assets can qualify for Medicaid to pay for the nursin

37、g home.F Assisted living is another option. Residents can have their own apartment to maintain some independence. But the facilities generally provide personal care services, such as meals, housekeeping and assistance with activities. Still, its not cheap: The national median cost in 2011 was $39,13

38、5, according to Genworth. Assisted living isnt covered by Medicaid.G If they have a choice, at least 90% of elderly parents prefer to stay at home as long as they can, according to AARP research. But if the parents can no longer safely live at home, it can be hard for children to move them into an a

39、dult care facility. There may be another option. Sometimes the home can be modified so a parent can stay there. For example, Baldocchi put in a chair lift for her mother. She also arranged for a home caregiver.H Family caregivers take over many responsibilities. One might manage a parents finances,

40、while another sibling will take the parent to doctors appointments and shopping. Those who move in with a parent take on a significant and sustained burden of care. Jan Walker moved into her mothers home in Leesburg, Fla. After her mother, who is 83, had fallen, she wasnt able to get around as well.

41、 Walker, 55, has three brothers. But she is the only daughter, is divorced and has no children. “I always knew that this was the role that I would have, and I guess my mind was prepared for it,” says Walker, who now is a full-time caregiver and works from home as a tutorial instructor for a digital

42、scrapbooking website. “When you get into the trenches, its literally baptism by fire,” she says. “New things come up. Its not just about advance planning for finances or medical care. Its everything,” she says.I Caregivers need to also watch their own health. “There is such a thing as caregiver burn

43、out,” Cona says. Among female caregivers 50 and older, 20% reported symptoms of depression, according to a 2010 study on working caregivers by MetLife. “Its a hard job.” Walker says. “But most worthwhile things are hard. She was always there for me when I needed a helping hand. Its only natural that

44、 I be here for her now.11. When elderly parents cannot live at home safely, their children can change their home instead of sending them to an adult care facility.12. To talk about long-term care is not easy because sometimes aged parents are suspicious of their childrens financial motives.13. Besid

45、es advance planning for finances or medical care, family caregivers take over many other responsibilities.14. The difference between a durable power of attorney and a health care proxy is that the latter allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment.15. Baldocchi did not want to send

46、her mother to a nursing home, but she had difficulty taking care of her.16. Over 42 million caregivers helped an adult with everyday activities in the USA in 2009.17. If a family needs information or help to sort out disagreements, there are many people they can call on.18. Caregivers should pay att

47、ention to their own health, or they may bum out or become depressed.19. One will have to petition the court to be the parents legal guardian, if there is no advance directive.20. The national median cost of assisted living in 2011 was $39,135 and it is not covered by Medicaid.【答案】11.G12.D13.H14.C15.

48、A16.B17.D18.I19.C20.F【解析】11.题干：当年迈的父母不能安全地生活在家里时，他们的孩子可以改变他们的家，而不是送他们到成人护理机构。由题干的an adult care facility可以定位到G选项第二句But if the parents can no longer safely live at home, it can be hard for children to move them into an adult care facility.“但如果父母不能再安全地住在家里，孩子们就很难把他们送到成人看护机构”，这里是题干的同义替换，所以答案选G。12.题干：谈论长

49、期护理并不容易，因为有时年迈的父母会怀疑子女的经济动机。由题干定位到D选项第三句Elderly parents are sometimes suspicious of their childrens financial motives“年迈的父母有时会怀疑孩子的经济动机”从这里可知答案选D。13.题干：除了提前计划财务或医疗护理，家庭照顾者还承担许多其他责任。由题干的finances or medical care“财务或医疗护理”定位到H选项倒数第一二句Its not just about advance planning for finances or medical care. Its

50、everything,” she says.“这不仅仅是关于财政或医疗保健的预先计划。这就是所有。”她说。这句符合题干题意，所以答案选H。14.题干：持久委托书和医疗代理书的区别在于后者允许某人就医疗治疗作出决定。通过题干的attorney和a health care proxy（医疗代理）定位到C选项的第二句话The directive includes several parts, including: a durable power of attorney, which gives some one legal authority to make financial decisions

51、on anothers behalf; a health care proxy, which is similar to the power of attorney, except it allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment; and a living will that outlines instructions for end-of-life care. （For example, parents can say if they want to be kept alive by artificial mea

52、sures.）“该指令包括几个部分，包括：持久委托书，赋予某人代表另一人做出财务决定的法律权力；医疗代理，类似于委托书，但允许某人就医疗作出决定；还有一份生前遗嘱，列出了临终护理的指导。（例如，父母可以说他们是否想通过人工手段维持生命）”，这里说出了委托书和医疗代理的不同，所以答案选C选项。15.题干：巴尔多奇并不想把母亲送到养老院，但她很难照顾她。文章定位到A选项倒数第二句话She has a full-time job and has back problems that make it difficult for her to lift her mother.“她有一份全职工作，而且背部

53、有问题，这使得她很难抱起她的母亲”从这里可以看出Baldocchi有自己的难处，工作，背伤都让她心有余而力不足，所以A选项正确。16.题干：2009年，美国有超过4200万护理人员帮助成年人进行日常活动。根据文章的数据42 million和2009可以定位到B选项倒数第二句话More than 42 million Americans provide family caregiving for an adult who needs help with daily activities, according to a 2009 survey by the AARP.“美国退休人员协会（AARP）

54、2009年的一项调查显示，超过4200万美国人为日常活动需要帮助的成年人提供家庭照顾”，这句符合题干，所以选B选项。17.题干：如果一个家庭需要信息或帮助解决分歧，他们可以找很多人。根据文章中的sort out disagreement“解决分歧”定位到D选项倒数第二句话And when there are many siblings, the family decisions can become a three-ring circus with much acrimony, says Ann-Margaret Carrozza, an elder-law attorney in Glen

55、Cove, N.Y. Families who need information and help sorting out disagreements can call on elder-law attorneys, financial planners, geriatric care managers and caregiver support groups.“美国退休人员协会（AARP） 2009年的一项调查显示，超过4200万美国人为日常活动需要帮助的成年人提供家庭照顾”，从这里可以看出当家庭成员有分歧时他们可以寻求律师，理财师等人的帮助，这个选项符合题意，所以答案选D。18.题干：照顾

56、者应该注意自己的健康，否则他们可能会精疲力尽或变得抑郁。定位到I选项第一句话Caregivers need to also watch their own health.“护理人员也需要关注自己的健康”，这里跟题干属于同义替换，所以答案选I。19.题干：如果没有事先指示，孩子必须向法院申请成为孩子父母的合法监护人。根据文章关键词petition“请愿”和advance directive“预先指示”，定位到C选项最后一句话Without an advance directive, the family will have to petition the court to be appointe

57、d the parents legal guardian, says AgingC.“AgingC网站表示，如果没有事先的指示，这个家庭将不得不向法院申请指定父母的法定监护人”，这里表达的意思和题干相同，所以答案选C。20.题干：2011年，全国辅助生活费用的中位数为39135美元，这不在医疗保险的覆盖范围内。根据文章数据2011和$39,135可以定位到F选项倒数第一、二句The national median cost in 2011 was $39,135, according to Genworth. Assisted living isnt covered by Medicaid.“

58、根据Genworth的数据，2011年全国医保成本中值为39135美元。医疗补助计划不包括辅助生活”，这里和题干表达的意思相同，所以答案选F。3. 单选题Less than two months into her breast cancer treatment, Alexandra Jn-Charles was called into a new room at SUNY Downstate Medical Center, where two treating physicians, the chief medical officer and an attorney representing

59、the hospital told her that mistakes had been made.The skin lesions (病变) on her chest, they said, had been caused not by her illness but by the machine that was supposed to cure her. The 32-year-old had received nearly 30 radiotherapy sessions, but at this point it didnt really make sense to count th

60、em, because a programming error had caused each installment to deliver at least three times the prescribed amount of radiation.Jn-Charles, who died two and a half years after this meeting in 2005, would eventually come to exemplify theemergence of accidental over-radiation in U.S. hospitals. The wor

61、st off have reported skin damage, inexplicable hair loss and ribs (肋骨) buckling beneath their chests debilitating injuries suffered while undergoing screening or treatment for something that would otherwise kill them. A steep price for survival.These tragedies go to the core of an issue as pressing

62、as it is uncomfortable to think about: Have advances in technology, improved treatment methods and more comprehensive screening protocols led to systematic, excessive irradiation of patients?The answer, according to a growing number of health experts, is yes. For example, the CT scan, which has beco

63、me commonplace in response to rising cancer rates, is itself thought to increase the likelihood that a person develops cancer. The scans deliver several hundred times more radiation than an X-ray even when guidelines and dosages are followed precisely. “What we do as physicians arguably harms people

64、,” James Ehrlich, a clinical associate professor at the University of Colorado and an adviser for Premier Micronutrient Corp., told Newsweek.A jarring example of that came in 2010, when Walt Bogdanich published an extensive review in The New York Times that listed numerous patients whose lives had b

65、een destroyed by mistakes in hospital imaging and radiotherapy. Shortly after the article series went to press, the Food and Drug Administration began to ramp up its efforts to limit excessive exposure, eventually launching its Initiative to Reduce Unnecessary Radiation Exposure From Medical Imaging.Along with organizations like the American Col