考研考博-考博英语-南京大学模拟考试题含答案3

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1、考研考博-考博英语-南京大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题The report criticized the legislature for making college attendance dependent on the ability to pay, charging that，as a result，hundreds of qualified young people would be （ ） further education.问题1选项A.entitled toB.striving forC.deprived ofD.participating in【答案】C【解析】动词词组辨析。

2、entitle to“有权享有，使有资格“;strive for “奋斗”;deprive of“剥夺”; participate in“参与”。句意：这份报告批判了以大学生支付能力决定入学率的立法，结果，数以百计的符合资格的年轻人失去了继续接受教育的机会。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题When the concentration of calcium in the blood is too low, the parathyroid glands began to secrete the hormone parathormone.问题1选项A.concentrationB.tooC.beganD

3、.secrete【答案】C【解析】根据题中when引导的时间状语从句中为一般现在时态可知，C选项也应该用begin动词原形，句意：当血液中的钙浓度过低时，甲状旁腺开始分泌甲状腺激素。选项C符合题意。3. 翻译题据心理学家称，乐观和自信是健康的心理状态所应具备的要素。焦虑是一种心理问题，他源自对生活中的不确定因素的内在恐惧，或者说是一种不安全感。繁荣的市场经济中躁动的消费需求是某些人焦虑情绪产生的原因。名车、豪宅和优越的生活被人们视为高档的标志。但是，由于多数人难以达到这样的生活标准，有些人就会产生失落感。然而，这种出于对金钱崇拜而产生的焦虑感并不具有代表性。对于多数人来说，引起焦虑的重要原因是

4、高昂的房价、教育支出和医疗费用。人们生活在巨大的压力之下，但是低廉并且增长缓慢的工资使他们看不到脱离困境的希望。有时似乎是机会多多，人们也会因此而产生焦虑。【答案】Psychologists said that confidence and optimism are the important elements of a healthy state of mind. Nervousness is a mental problem and is resourced from an inner emotional insecurity over uncertain factors in life.

5、 In the prosperous market economy, restless consumption demands are the reason for the nervous emotions. Brand-name car, houses and superior life are the marks of high-end life. However, most people tend to be disappointed because they cannot reach this living standard. Furthermore, such nervousness

6、 over money worship is not representative. For most people, the nervousness is resulted from expensive house, high education expenditure and high medical cost. People live under this tremendous pressure, and they cannot find any hopes of being lifted out of the hardship because of the low and slow-g

7、rowing incomes. Sometimes there seems to be many opportunities, but people also feel anxious about this. 4. 单选题问题1选项A.responseB.answerC.correspondenceD.echo【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。response“反响，反应”；answer“回答，答案”；correspondence“通信，一致”；echo“回音”。句意：他刊登在报纸上的广告受到了很好的反响，她受到了一百多封申请信。选项A符合题意。5. 翻译题 Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2

8、 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE 世界与宇宙的本质是什么？这是中国哲学的基本问题。春秋时期的思想家老子是第一个尝试进行阐释的中国哲学家，老子认为“道”乃宇宙及世界之源。道无始终，“道”即“天”，“天”即“道”。老子主张“道法自然”。这个观点揭示了一个平凡但深刻的真理：天、地、人及世间的一切都有着自然的属性，人类作为自然的一部分应当遵循自然的法则，而不应无节制地向自然索取。【答案】What is the essence of the world and universe? This is a basic problem in Chinese philos

9、ophy. Lao Tze of spring and autumn period attempted to explain Chinese philosophy firstly. He though that “Tao” is the source of our world or universe. “Tao” has no end or beginning. And the universe is Tao, and Tao is universe. Lao Tze advocated the theory of “the rule is consistent with nature”, w

10、hich shows us a simple but profound truth: All things in the world, including universe, earth and human have natural attributes. As a part of nature, human beings shouldnt ask the nature for resources immoderately and need to obey the natures rules.6. 单选题The spelling of many Old English words has be

11、en （ ）in the living language, although their pronunciations have changed.问题1选项A.preservedB.preemptedC.revisedD.improved【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。Preserve “保留，保护”；preempt “先占，取代”；revise“修订，校订”；improve “改善，提高”。句意：许多古英语中单词的拼写在现代语言中被保留了，尽管它们的发音有变化。选项A符合题意。7. 单选题The sheer diversity of tropical plants represents a

12、seemingly （ ） source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilized.问题1选项A.exploitedB.controversialC.inexhaustibleD.remarkable【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。exploited “被利用的”；controversial “有争议的”；inexhaustible “无穷无尽的”；remarkable “卓越的，非凡的”。句意：热带植物的多样性代表了似乎用之不竭的原材料，其中只有少部分被利用了。选项C符合题意。8. 单选题Teenage childre

13、n began to assert their independence and this can lead to good deal of （ ） in the family.问题1选项A.controversyB.frictionC.restrictionD.contradiction【答案】B【解析】名词词义解析。controversy “辩论”；friction “摩擦”；restriction “，约束”； contradiction “矛盾，不一致”。句意：青少年开始宣称他们的独立，这样会在家庭中带来大量的摩擦。选项B符合题意。9. 单选题His（ ）directions conf

14、used us； we did not know which of the two roads to take.问题1选项A.ambiguousB.complicatedC.arbitraryD.intricate【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。ambiguous “模糊不清的”；complicated “复杂的”；arbitrary “任意的，武断的，专制的” ；intricate “复杂的，错综的”。他模糊不清的指导使我们困惑，我们不知道该走哪条路。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题Some social critics took a dim view of the industrial

15、ism of the nineteenth century, believing that it （ ） a harsh, crude life-style.问题1选项A.eradicatedB.facilitatedC.releasedD.imagined【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。eradicate “根除，消灭”；facilitate “促进，助长”；release “释放，发行”；imagine “想象，猜想”。句意：一些社会批判家对19世纪的工业化持悲观态度，认为它助长了一种严酷粗糙的生活方式。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题Two hours from the tall buil

16、dings of Manhattan and Philadelphia live some of the worlds largest black bears. They are in northern Pennsylvanias Pocono Mountains, a home they share with an abundance of other wildlife.The streams, lakes, meadows, mountain ridges and forests that make the Poconos an ideal place for black bears ha

17、ve also attracted more people to the region. Open spaces are threatened by plans for housing estates and important habitats are endangered by highway construction. To protect the Poconos natural beauty from irresponsible development, the Nature Conservancy named the area one of Americas “Last Great

18、Places”.Operating out of a centuiy-old schoolhouse in the village of Long Pond, Pennsylvania, the conservancys Bud Cook is working with local people and business leaders to balance economic growth with environmental protection. By forging partnerships with people like Francis Altemose, the Conservan

19、cy has been able to protect more than 14,000 acres of environmentally important land in the area.Altemoses family has farmed in the Pocono area for generations. Two years ago Francis worked with the Conservancy to include his farm in a county farmland protection program. As a result, his familys lan

20、d can be protected from development and the Altemoses will be better able to provide a secure financial future for their 7-year-old grandson.Cook attributes the Conservancys success in the Poconos to having a local presence and a commitment to working with local residents.“The key to protecting thes

21、e remarkable lands is connecting with the local community,” Cook said. “The people who live there respect the land. They value quiet forests, clear streams and abundant wildlife. They are eager to help with conservation effort. ”For more information on how you can help The Nature Conservancy protect

22、 the Poconos and the worlds other “Last Great Places”，please call 1-888-5646864. Or visit us on the World Wide Web at www. tnc. org1.The purpose in naming the Poconos as one of Americas “Last Great Places” is to（ ）.2.We learn from the passage that（ ）.3.What is important in protecting the Poconos acc

23、ording to Cook?4.What does Bud Cook mean by “having a local presence”(Line 1，Para* 5)?问题1选项A.gain support from the local communityB.protect it from irresponsible developmentC.make it a better home for black bearsD.provide financial security for future generations问题2选项A.the population in the Pocono a

24、rea is growingB.wildlife in the Pocono area is dying out rapidlyC.the security of the Pocono residents is being threatenedD.farmlands in the Pocono area are shrinking fast问题3选项A.The setting up of an environmental protection website.B.Support from organizations like the Nature Conservancy.C.Cooperati

25、on with the local residents and business leaders.D.Inclusion of farmlands in the regions protection program.问题4选项A.Financial contributions from local business leaders.B.Consideration of the interests of the local residents.C.The establishment of a wildlife protection foundation in the area.D.The set

26、ting up of a local Nature Conservancy branch in the Pocono area.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“To protect the Poconos natural beauty from irresponsible development”，主要目的使保护自然美景，选项B符合题意。2.信息推断题。根据文章第二段第一句，因为溪流、山脊等一些自然风貌吸引了很多人来到这里，推测人口是不断增加的。选项A符合题意。3.信息推断题。根据文章第六段，“The key to protecting

27、 these remarkable lands is connecting with the local community,” 文中提到了与当社区合作。选项C符合题意。4.信息归纳题。根据上下文语境，Bud Cook 认为大自然保护协会的成功离不开 “having a local presence”，在第四段也提及了农民受到了协会的支持，所以 having a local presence 应该是指一个组织或机构，选项D符合题意。12. 单选题High-grade written paper is frequently obtained from cotton rags.问题1选项A.Hig

28、h-gradeB.writtenC.frequentlyD.obtained【答案】B【解析】根据题意，B选项应该用来修饰paper，意为“写字的纸”，所以应该改用writing paper。句意：高级的用来写字的纸应该由棉布制成。选项B符合题意。13. 单选题Hunting is thought to be（ ） for the extinction of some wildlife.问题1选项A.responsibleB.blamedC.chargedD.denounced【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。responsible “负责任的”，词组be responsible for “承

29、担责任”，to be blame for “应受责备”，be charged with “”被控告”， denounce “公然抨击”，句意：野生动物灭绝的原因应该归咎于狩猎。选项A符合题意。14. 单选题If we accept that we cannot prevent science and technology from changing our world, we can at least try to（1 ）that the changes they make are in the right directions. In a democratic society, this m

30、eans that the public needs to have a basic understanding of science（2 ） it can make informed decisions and not （3 ） them in the hands of experts. At the moment, the public has a rather ambivalent attitude（4 ） science. It has come to expect the steady increase in the standard of（5 ） that new developm

31、ents in science and technology have brought to continue, but it also distrusts science because it doesnt understand it. This distrust is evident in the cartoon （6 ） of the mad scientist working in his laboratory to produce a Frankenstein. It is also an important （7 ） behind support for the Green par

32、ties.What can be done to（8 ）this interest and give the public the scientific background it needs to make informed decisions on subjects like acid rain, the greenhouse effect, nuclear weapons, and genetic engineering? Clearly, the basis must lie in what is taught in schools. But in schools science is

33、 often（9 ） in a dry and uninteresting manner. Children learn it by rote to pass examinations, and they dont see its（10 ）to the world around them. Moreover, science is often taught in terms of equations. Although equations are a concise and accurate way of describing mathematics ideas, they frighten

34、most people.问题1选项A.assessB.discernC.ensureD.anticipate问题2选项A.becauseB.so thatC.despite thatD.though问题3选项A.clutchB.leaveC.fabricateD.nurture问题4选项A.aboutB.withC.uponD.toward问题5选项A.livingB.lifeC.survivalD.lives问题6选项A.literatureB.personC.artD.figure问题7选项A.roleB.conceptC.elementD.index问题8选项A.constrainB.h

35、arnessC.fosterD.extinguish问题9选项A.presentedB.conductedC.portrayedD.utilized问题10选项A.meaningB.contributionC.applicationD.relevance【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A第6题:D第7题:A第8题:C第9题:C第10题:B【解析】（1）名词词义辨析。assess “评估”;discern “辨别”; ensure “确保”;anticipate “预期”。句意：我们不能阻止科学和技术改变我们的世界，我们至少可以努力确保这些改变是正确的。选项C符合题意。（

36、2）逻辑推理。根据文意，在民主社会中，公民需要对科学有一个基本的了解，以便于他们可以自己做出明智的决定。选项B符合题意。（3）动词词义辨析。clutch “抓住”;leave “留给”;fabricate “编造”;nurture “养育”。句意：人们可以做出明智的决定，而不会把问题都留在专家手中。选项B符合题意。（4）短语搭配。attitude towards “对的态度”，选项D符合题意。（5）短语搭配。根据文意，人们想要提高生活水平，故 “standard of living” 生活水平符合题意。选项A符合题意。（6）根据文意，人们对科学的不信任，体现在动画中塑造的那些科学家卡通人物，他

37、们在实验室制造科学怪人。选项D符合题意。（7）名词词义辨析。role “角色，任务”； concept “概念，想法” ；element “要素” ；index “指数”。句意：这个在支持绿党中发挥着重要作用。选项A符合题意。（8）动词词义辨析。constrain “强迫”；harness “利用”；foster “ 培养”；extinguish “ 熄灭”。句意：为了让公众们做出明智的决定，我们应该怎么做去培养他们的兴趣以及给他们提供科学背景呢？选项C符合题意。（9）动词词义辨析。present “提出”；conduct “指挥，管理”，portray “描绘” ；utilize “利用”。

38、句意：但是在学校，科学往往是以一种枯燥无味的方式描绘出来的。选项C符合题意。（10）名词词义辨析。meaning “ 含义”；contribution “ 贡献”；application “应用”；relevance “相关性”根据文意，孩子们学习科学只是为了通过考试，不了解科学对他们周围的世界带来的好处。选项B符合题意。15. 单选题The status of women in colonial North America has been well studied and described and can be briefly summarized. Throughout the col

39、onial period there was a marked shortage of women, which varied with the regions and was always greatest in the frontier areas. This favorable ratio enhanced womens status and position and allowed them to pursue different careers. The Puritans, the religious sect that dominated the early British col

40、onies in North America, regarded idleness as a sin, and believed that life in an underdeveloped country made it absolutely necessary that each member of the community perform an economic function. Thus work for women, married or single, was not only approved, it was regarded as a civic duty. Puritan

41、 town councils expected widows and unattached women to be self-supporting and for a long time provided needy spinsters with parcels of land. There was no social sanction against married women working ； on the contrary, wives were expected to help their husbands in their trade and won social approval

42、 for doing extra work in or out of the home. Needy children, girls as well as boys, were indentured or apprenticed and were expected to work for their keep.The vast majority o women worked within their homes, where their labor produced most articles needed for the family. The entire colonial product

43、ion of cloth and clothing and partially that of shoes was in the hands of women. In addition to these occupations, women were found in many different kinds of employment. They were butchers, silversmiths, gunsmiths, upholsterers. They tan mills, plantations, tanyards, shipyards, and every kind of sh

44、op, tavern, and boardinghouse. They were gatekeepers, jail keepers, sextons, journalists, printers, apothecaries, midwives, nurses, and teachers.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?2.It can be inferred from the passage that the Puritan were （ ）.3.According to the passage, what did the Puritans ex

45、pect from married women?4.According to the passage, which products were made entirely by women?问题1选项A.Colonial marriages.B.The Puritan religion.C.Colonial womens employment.D.Education in the colonies.问题2选项A.uneducatedB.hardworkingC.generousD.wealthy问题3选项A.They should adopt needy children.B.They sho

46、uld assist in their husbands trade or business.C.They should work only within their own homes.D.They should be apprenticed.问题4选项A.Gunpowder and bullets.B.Cups and plates.C.Cloth and clothing.D.Paper and books【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C【解析】1.主旨题。根据文章第一段，殖民时期因为女性人数很少，所以对她们的社会地位和就业产生了有利影响，女性可以有自己的职业选择。所以文

47、章主要是讨论女性的就业。选项C符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章第一段，“The Puritans, the religious sect that dominated the early British colonies in North America, regarded idleness as a sin,”，他们认为懒惰是一种罪恶，可是清教徒是勤劳的。选项B符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“wives were expected to help their husbands in their trade and won social approval for doing extr

48、a work in or out of the home.” 丈夫期待妻子可以在他们的领域内帮助他们，并且可以从事额外的行业。选项B符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“The entire colonial production of cloth and clothing and partially that of shoes was in the hands of women.”可知，布料和服装都是女性亲手做的。选项C符合题意。16. 单选题A series of attempts（ ）made, he came to realize that he had underestimat

49、ed the enormity of the task.问题1选项A.wereB.to beC.had beenD.having been【答案】D【解析】语法知识题。独立主格结构的用法，A和C选项均为谓语动词，可以排除，一系列的尝试在意识到问题之前就做过了，应该用完成时态。句意：一系列的尝试之后，他意识到他低估了这个任务的繁重性。选项D符合题意。17. 单选题The word hospice is hundreds of years old. It comes to us from the time called the Middle Ages in Europe. Religious gr

50、oups then provided hospice as a place where travelers could stay. Sometimes the groups also offered a place for the sick and the dying. Today the word hospice means more than a place. It means a way of caring for the dying. In the modem sense of the word, it means that, if possible, dying people can

51、 receive care at home during their last days； and the health-care workers do not try to lengthen the lives of the dying with modem medical equipment. Instead, care-givers make every effort to control or stop the patients pain. It also means that patients get help for their emotional needs in additio

52、n to their physical needs.A British woman Cicely Saunders was the first major activist for hospice care in modem times. Cicely Saunders worked as a nurse in a hospital right after World War II, where she met a man who was dying of cancer. Together they found ideas about the best possible treatment f

53、or people who would never get well again. They talked about treatments that would permit patients to discuss their feelings and to take part in activities meaningful to them. They planned a system that would allow dying people to be surrounded by the people and things they loved most. The dying man

54、gave Cicely Saunders enough money to study to become a doctor. By 1967 Dr. Saunders had organized and opened St. Christophers Hospice in London.In 1974, after the Americas first hospice started in New Haven, others followed suit in cities throughout the country. Organizers had a difficult job. They

55、had to teach the public about the idea of hospice. They had to get money from companies, religious groups and citizens. And they had to negotiate with local governments to use public money to care for the dying. Thanks to their unyielding determination and painstaking efforts, hospice has grown in A

56、merica. Dr. Jo Magno, the President of the National Hospice Organization, said that working with the dying occasionally made her sad. Yet she remembers the words of Dr. Cicely Saunders一“We cannot add days to life, but we can add life to days. ”1.What is the original meaning the word “hospice”？2.In t

57、he modern sense of the word, hospice includes all of the following EXCEPT3.What did Cicely and the man talk about?4.How did Cicely Saunders complete her study?5.Which is a correct statement about the early American hospice?问题1选项A.It was a place where the homeless old people were taken care of.B.It w

58、as a place where religious people lived.C.It was a place offered by churches for the travelers.D.It was a place where doctors treated patients.问题2选项A.a priest is invited to pray for the dying.B.a dying patient is taken care of at his home.C.efforts are made to reduce the pain of the dying people.D.t

59、he psychological needs of the dying are considered and cared for.问题3选项A.How to advise the hospital to treat the dying patients.B.How to make arrangement for the patients who had no hope of recovery.C.The meaningful activities for all patients to take part in.D.The kind of people that are allowed to

60、visit the patients.问题4选项A.By working part-time.B.Be obtaining a fellowship.C.With the help of a mans money.D.Through her management of St. Christophers Hospice.问题5选项A.It was an immediate success as a result of the effort by Dr. Cicely.B.It was probably not easy to persuade companies to provide finan

61、cial support.C.Many people readily accepted the new idea.D.Local governments forbade what they did.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.词义理解题。根据文章第一段，“provided hospice as a place where travelers could stay”，hospice 是提供给旅客们休息的一个地方，选项C符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，病人会在垂死之前在家里受到照顾、减轻痛苦以及被给予心理和生理上的安慰，只有选项A并未提及，选项A符合题意。3.信息推断题。根据文章第二段，“They talked about treatments that would permit patients to discuss their feelings and to take part in activities meaningful to