考研考博-考博英语-南京艺术学院模拟考试题含答案44

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1、考研考博-考博英语-南京艺术学院模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题Our heritage and our culture have caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving goodbye is the way to summon a Filipino to ones side, or that in Italy curlin

2、g the finger in a beckoning motion is a gesture of farewell.Those Private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after W.W. II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that GIFT means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think ourselves as friendl

3、y, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arms length away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable.Our linguistic and cultural nearsightedness and the casualness with which we take noticewhen we do-of the developed tastes, manne

4、risms, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world.Even here in the U.S, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual

5、 guide tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations and multilingual bank clerks and policemen are rare.When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels where English is spoken. The attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives, usually the more affluentwho speak English

6、. Our business, as well as the nations diplomacy, dealings are conducted through interpreters.For many years, America and Americans could get by with cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance. After all, America was the most powerful country of the world, the dispenser of the needed funds and comm

7、odities, the peacemaker, the “top banana” in the global cast. But all that is past. We are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing.1.When the author uses “nearsightedness”，he is talking（ ）.2.The passage informs us that ?3.We can infer from the passage that（ ）.4.Whic

8、h of the following statements is NOT true according to the author?5.The author is most probably（ ）by nationality.问题1选项A.metaphoricallyB.ironicallyC.humorouslyD.sarcastically问题2选项A.Americans do not understand their own heritage and culture wellB.the author does not mind Americans, cultural blindnessC

9、.Americans pay little attention to foreign customs and languagesD.America has no problems in the world because its the most powerful country问题3选项A.America is becoming a warlike countryB.the American role in the world is no longer properC.America will become the most powerful again if it starts to le

10、arn foreign customsD.America shouldnt remain blind and ignorant with respect to other nations cultures问题4选项A.Some American citizens sent poisons as gifts to Germany after W.W.II.B.A Filipino will probably approach an American who waves bye-bye.C.It may be unfriendly to Latins to keep more than 3 fee

11、t away from them.D.Italians use the finger motions to express bye-bye.问题5选项A.an ItalianB.an AmericanC.a FilipinoD.a German【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“作者使用目光短浅时，她正在说”。文章第三段提到“我们在语言和文化上的近视眼以及不注意去留意他国的爱好，习惯，习俗和语言正让我们在世界上失去朋友，业务及尊重”（Our linguistic and cultural nearsightedness and the

12、casualness with which we take noticewhen we do-of the developed tastes, mannerisms, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world），选项A“比喻地”符合题意。2.推理判断题。题目问的是“文章告诉我们”。文章第三段提到“我们在语言和文化上的近视眼以及不注意去留意他国的爱好，习惯，习俗和语言正让我们在世界上失去朋友，业务及尊重”（Our linguistic and

13、 cultural nearsightedness and the casualness with which we take noticewhen we do-of the developed tastes, mannerisms, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world），说明美国人不注重别国的习俗，选项C符合题意。3.推理判断题。题目问的是“我们能从文章中得出”文章最后一段提到过去美国人习惯忽视他国的语言和文化，因为那个时候美国很强

14、大。但是已经是过去时了，我们应该意识到我们在世界上的独特作用正在改变（But all that is past. We are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing），说明现在美国不应该像以前那样忽视他国的语言和文化，选项D“美国人不应该忽视他国的文化”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据作者的描述，下列哪项陈述是不真实的”。文章第二段提到“给二战后占领德国的美国军队寄送包裹的美国人为了避税而在包裹上标示GIFT”，而不愿麻烦去发现GIFT在德语中是“毒药”的意思（Those P

15、rivate citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after W.W. II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that GIFT means poison in German），由此可知选项A的描述是不真实的，是美国人为了避税错把GIFT（毒药）当GIFT（礼物），符合题意。5.推理判断题。题目问的是“作者可能是哪个国家的人”。文章使用的是第一人称，文章多次用“our heritage and our

16、culture”或者 “we are slowly beginning to realize”可以推测作者最有可能是美国人。选项B符合题意。2. 翻译题Put the following two passages into English.南京拥有两千四百多年建城史，是全国首批公布的历史文化名城之一。全市有国家级文物保护单位27处，其中，明孝陵己被列为世界文化遗产。600多年前建成的明城墙，现存25.091公里，是目前世界上保存最长的古城墙。南京现有12个项目被列入国家级非物质文化遗产保护名录，南京云锦、金陵刻经被列入世界非物质文化遗产名录。农历八月十五是我国传统的中秋节。八月十五恰在秋季的中

17、间，故谓之中秋节。 中秋之夜，月色皎洁，古人把圆月视为团圆的象征。相传我国古代帝王就有春天祭日、秋天祭月的礼制，在民间，每逢八月中秋，也有拜月或祭月的风俗。月饼最初是用来祭奉月祌的祭品，后来人们逐渐把中秋赏月与品尝月饼，作为家人团圆的象征。月饼的制作从唐代以后越来越考究，精美的饼面图案不但烘托了中秋佳节的祥和气氛，而且也增加了节日的诗情画意。【答案】Nanjing, with a history of more than 2,400 years, is one of the first released batch of the historical and cultural cities i

18、n China. There are 27 state-level cultural relics protection units, among which, Ming Tomb has been listed as a world cultural heritage. Built more than 600 years ago, the wall of the Ming Tomb, with an existing length of 25.091 kilometers, is the longest preserved ancient wall in the world. Nanjing

19、 currently has 12 projects enlisted in the national intangible cultural heritage protection list, among of which both Nanjing Brocade and Jinling Carving are selected into world intangible cultural heritage list.The Lunar August 15th is the traditional Chinese Mid-Autumn Festival. It is called Mid-a

20、utumn Festival because lunar August 15th is just in the middle of the autumn. On the night of the Mid-Autumn festival, the moon is bright. The ancient people regarded the full moon as a symbol of reunion. According to the legend, ancient Chinese emperors had the rite of offering sacrifices to the su

21、n in spring and to the moon in autumn. And even the ordinary people also had rituals of worshiping the sun or moon every Mid-Autumn day. Moon cakes were originally offered as sacrifices to worship the moon. Later, people made admiring the moon and tasting the moon cakes as a symbol of family reunion

22、. Since the Tang Dynasty, the production of moon cakes has become more and more exquisite. The beautiful pictures on it not only foil the peaceful atmosphere of Mid-Autumn festival, but also add the poetic meaning to the festival.3. 单选题Massive changes in all of the worlds deeply cherished spoiling h

23、abits are under way. Whether its one of Londons parks full of people playing softball, and Russians taking up rugby, or the Super bowl rivaling the British Football Cup Final as a televised spectator event in Britain, the patterns of players and spectators are changing beyond recognition. We are wit

24、nessing a globalization of our spoiling culture.That annual bicycle race, the Tour de France, much loved by the French is a good case in point. Just a few years back it was a strictly continental affair with France, Belgium and Holland, Spain and Italy taking part. But in recent years it has been do

25、minated by Colombian mountain climbers, and American and Irish riders. The people who really matter welcome the shift toward globalization. Peugeot, Michelin and Panasonic are multi-national corporations that want worldwide returns for the millions they invest in teams. So it does them literally a w

26、orld of good to see this unofficial world championship become just that. This is undoubtedly an economic-based revolution we are witnessing here, one made possible by communications technology, blit made to happen because of marketing considerations. Sell the game and you can sell Coca Cola or Budwe

27、iser as well.The skillful way in which American football has been sold to Europe is a good example of how all sports will develop. The aim of course is not really to spread the sport for its own sake, but to increase the number of people interested in the major moneymaking events. The economics of t

28、he Super bowl are already astronomical. Willi scats at US $125, gate receipts along were a staggering $10,000,000. The most important statistic of the day, however, was the $100,000,000 in TV advertising fees. Imagine how much that becomes when the eyes of the world are watching.So it came as a terr

29、ible shock, but not really as a surprise, to learn that some people are now suggesting that soccer change from being a game of two 45-minutc halves, to one of four 25-minute quarters. The idea is unashamedly to capture more advertising revenue, without giving any thought for the integrity of a sport

30、 which relics for its essence on the flowing nature of the action.Moreover, as sports expand into world markets, and as our choice of sports as consumers also grows, so we will demand to see that they play at a higher and higher level. In boxing we have already seen numerous, dubious world title cat

31、egories because people will not pay to see anything less than a “World Title” fight, and this means that the title fights have to be held in different countries around the world!1.Globalization of sporting culture means that（ ）.2.Which of the following is NOT related to the massive changes?3.As is u

32、sed in the passage, globalization comes closest in meaning to（ ）.4.What is the authors attitude towards the suggestion to change soccer into one of four 25-minute quarters?5.Why should the title fights in boxing be held in different countries of the world?问题1选项A.more people are taking up sports.B.tr

33、aditional spoils are getting popular.C.many local sports are becoming international.D.foreigners are more interested in local sports.问题2选项A.Good economic returns.B.Revival of traditional games.C.Communications technologyD.Marketing strategies.问题3选项A.commercializationB.“westernization”C.“speculation”

34、D.“standardization”问题4选项A.Favorable.B.Unclear.C.Reserved.D.Critical.问题5选项A.Because they are very exciting.B.Because people do not want to pay to see them.C.Because people want to see the most exciting games.D.Because they are less exciting【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“运动文化全球化的含义是”。文

35、章第一段最后一句提到“我们正在目睹一场体育文化的全球化过程”（We are witnessing a globalization of our spoiling culture）。接下来举了自行车竞赛（bicycle race）的例子，提到自行车竞赛开始是在法国、比利时、荷兰、西班牙和意大利受欢迎，最近几年又受到了哥伦比亚的登山者，美国和爱尔兰的骑手的青睐，由此可以看出这项本来只在当地流行的运动走向了国际，选项C符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列哪项与巨大的变化（全球化）无关”。文章第二段提到标致、米其林和松下这些跨国企业，他们在团队上投入了数百万美元，期望获得全球回报，所以选项A与全

36、球化有关，排除；该段还提到我们正在见证一场以经济为基础、一场由通信技术促成的革命（This is undoubtedly an economic-based revolution we are witnessing here, one made possible by communications technology），由此选项C“通信技术”可以排除；该段最后一句话提到“推销比赛，你同时也在推销可口可乐或者百威啤酒”（Sell the game and you can sell Coca Cola or Budweiser as well）。综上，选项B符合题意。3.词义题。题目问的是“文章

37、中的全球化与哪个词意思最接近”。文章第二段提到各大跨国公司投资体育赛事都是为了获得全球的经济回报（Peugeot, Michelin and Panasonic are multi-national corporations that want worldwide returns for the millions they invest in teams），以及提到卖体育赛事也同时在做各种产品的推广；文章第三段提到美国橄榄球推广到欧洲并不是想推广这项运动，而是为了增加对观众人数，增加商人们的利益（The aim of course is not really to spread the spo

38、rt for its own sake, but to increase the number of people interested in the major moneymaking events. The economics of the Super bowl are already astronomical），由此可以看出，“全球化”相当于“商业化”，选项A符合题意4.观点态度题。题目问的是“作者对将足球比赛的时间改成4个25分钟的建议持什么态度”。文章倒数第二段提到“这种想法是无耻的，目的是为了获得更多的广告收入，而不考虑这项运动的完整性”（The idea is unashamed

39、ly to capture more advertising revenue, without giving any thought for the integrity of a sport which relics for its essence on the flowing nature of the action），由此可以看出作者对这个想法是持批评态度的，选项D符合题意。5.推理判断题。题目问的是“为什么拳击比赛要在全世界各国举行”。文章最后一段举了拳击的例子是为了说明“随着体育运动项目进入世界市场，我们作为消费者的需求也在不断变化，我们需要观看高水平的比赛”（Moreover, as

40、 sports expand into world markets, and as our choice of sports as consumers also grows, so we will demand to see that they play at a higher and higher level），因此选项C符合题意。4. 单选题The biggest problem facing Chile as it promotes itself as a tourist destination to be reckoned with, is that it is at the end

41、of the earth. It is too far south to be a convenient stop on the way to anywhere else and is much farther than a relatively cheap half-day flight away from the big tourist markets, unlike Mexico, for example. Chile, therefore, is fighting hard to attract tourists, to convince travelers that it is wo

42、rth coming halfway round the world to visit. It is succeeding in existing markets like the USA and Western Europe but not in new territories, in particular the Far East. Markets closer to home, however, are not being forgotten. More than 50% of visitors to Chile still come from its nearest neighbor,

43、 Argentina, where the cost of living is much higher.Like all South American countries, Chile sees tourism as a valuable earner of foreign currency, although it has been far more serious than most in promoting its image abroad. Relatively stable politically within the region, it has benefited from th

44、e problems suffered in other areas. In Peru, guerrilla warfare in recent years has dealt a heavy blow to the tourist industry and fear of street crime in Brazil has reduced the attraction of Rio de Janeiro as a dream destination for foreigners. More than 150,000 people are directly involved in Chile

45、s tourist sector, an industry which earns the country more than US $950 million each year. The state-run National Tourism Service, in partnership with a number of private companies, is currently running a worldwide campaign, taking part in trade fairs and international events to attract visitors to

46、Chile. Chiles great strength as a tourist destination is its geographical diversity. From the parched Atacama Desert in the north to the Antarctic snowfields of the south, it is more than 5,000km long. With the Pacific on one side and the Andean mountains on the other, Chile boasts natural attractio

47、ns. Its beaches are not up to Caribbean standards but resorts such as Vina del Mar arc generally clean and unspoilt and have a high standard of services. But the trump card is the Andes mountain range.There are a number of excellent ski resorts within one hours drive of the capital, Santiago, and th

48、e national parks in the south are home to rare animal and plant species. The parks already attract specialist, visitors, including mountaineers, who come to climb the technically difficult peaks, and fishermen, lured by the salmon and trout in the regions rivers. However, infrastructural development

49、 in these areas is limited. The ski resorts do not have as many lifts as their European counterparts and part poor quality of roads in the south means that only the most determined travelers see the best of the national parks. Air links between Chile and the rest of the world are, at present, relati

50、vely poor. While Chiles two largest airlines have extensive networks within South America, they operate only a small number of routes to the US and Europe while services to Asia are almost non-existent. Internal transport links are being improved and luxury hotels are being built in one of its natio

51、nal parks. Nor is development being restricted to the Andes. Easter Island and Chiles Antarctic Territory are also on the list of areas where the Government believes it can create tourist markets. But the rush to open hitherto inaccessible areas to mass tourism is not being welcomed by everyone. Ind

52、igenous and environmental groups, including Green peace, say that many parts of the Andes will suffer if they become over-developed.There is a genuine fear that areas of Chile will suffer the cultural destruction witnessed in Mexico and European resorts. The policy of opening up Antarctica to touris

53、m is also politically sensitive. Chile already has permanent settlements on the ice and many people see the decision to allow tourists there as a political move, enhancing Santiagos territorial claim over part of Antarctica. The Chilean Government has promised to respect the environment as it seeks

54、to bring tourism potential. The Government will have to monitor developments closely if it is genuinely concerned in creating a balanced, controlled industry and if the price of an increasingly lucrative tourist market is not going to mean the loss of many of Chiles natural riches.1.Chile is disadva

55、ntaged in the promotion of its tourism by（ ） .2.More than half of Chiles tourists come from（ ） .3.According to the author, Chiles greatest attraction is（ ） .4.According to the passage, in WHICH area improvement is already under way?5.According to the article, in Chile, the services of airlines to As

56、ia are（ ） .问题1选项A.geographical locationB.guerrilla warfareC.political instabilityD.street crime问题2选项A.USAB.the Far EastC.western EuropeD.Argentina问题3选项A.the unspoilt beachesB.the dry and hot desertC.the famous mountain rangeD.the high standard of services问题4选项A.Facilities in the ski resorts.B.Domest

57、ic transport system.C.Air services to Asia.D.Road network in the south.问题5选项A.only a small number of routesB.almost non-existentC.as many as in EuropeD.the largest amount【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“智利在推销旅游业时不足之处是”。文章第一段提到“智利在推销自己是一个好的旅游去处所面对的困难是因为它处在地球的最边缘”（The biggest problem fac

58、ing Chile as it promotes itself as a tourist destination to be reckoned with, is that it is at the end of the earth），由此可知是因为它的地理位置导致旅游业发展不好，选项A符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“智利一半以上的游客来自哪里”。文章第一段最后一句提到超过50%的游客来自阿根廷（More than 50% of visitors to Chile still come from its nearest neighbor, Argentina, where the cost

59、 of living is much higher），选项D符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者看来，智利最大的景点是”。文章第二段最后一句提到王牌是安第斯山脉（But the trump card is the Andes mountain range），选项C符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，哪方面的改革已经在进行”。文章第三段提到“国内的交通正在改善，豪华酒店正在其中一个国家公园内兴建”（Internal transport links are being improved and luxury hotels are being built in one of

60、its national parks），由此可知，正在进行改革的是国内的交通系统，选项B符合题意。5.细节事实题。题目问的是“从文章中可得知，智利通往亚洲的航线服务”。文章第三段提到飞往亚洲的航线几乎不存在（While Chiles two largest airlines have extensive networks within South America, they operate only a small number of routes to the US and Europe while services to Asia are almost non-existent），因此选项

61、B符合题意。5. 单选题The producers of instant coffee found their product strongly resisted in the market places despite their manifest advantages. Furthermore, the advertising expenditure for instant coffee was far greater than that for regular coffee.Efforts were made to find the cause of the consumers seem

62、ingly unreasonable resistance to the product. The reason given by most people was dislike for the taste. The producers suspected that there might be deeper reasons, however. This was confirmed by one of motivation researchs classic studies, one often cited in the trade. Mason Haire, of the Universit

63、y of California, constructed two shopping lists that were identical except for one item. There were six items common to both lists: hamburger, carrots, baking powder, bread, canned peaches and potatoes, with the brands of amounts specified. The seventh item, in the fifth place on both lists, read “1

64、 lb. Maxwell House coffee” on one list and “Nescafe instant coffee” on the other. One list was given to each person in a group of fifty women, and the other list to those in another group of the same size. The women were asked to study their lists and then to describe, as far as they could, the kind of woman (“personality and character”) who would draw up that shopping list. Nearly half of those who had received the list including instant coffee described