2022年考博英语-江西财经大学考试名师点拨押题密卷79（含答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-江西财经大学考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 单选题The road outside the school is a menace to the childrens safety. The underlined part means（ ）.问题1选项A.troubleB.headacheC.barrierD.threat【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项trouble“麻烦；烦恼”；B选项headache“头痛；麻烦”；C选项barrier“障碍物，屏障；界线”；D选项threat“威胁”。句意：学校外面的道路对孩子们的安全是个（ ） 。根据逻辑可知，对学生而言，

2、校外的道路是有交通安全隐患的，即“威胁”，因此D选项正确。2. 单选题We must take part in physical labor in order to（ ）ourselves more closely with the working people.问题1选项A.combineB.incorporateC.involveD.identify【答案】D【解析】identify oneself with表示“与密切联系”“到中去”的意思；incorporate with意为“与合作（结合）”；combine with意为“与联合”；involve oneself in意为“参与”“卷

3、入”，不与with 搭配。本句意为：我们必须参加体力劳动，目的是更好地与群众打成一片。“与打成一片”还可以用 integrate oneself with。3. 翻译题41. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (15)US businesses responded with alarm to President Donald Trumps announcement of wide-ranging tariffs on imports from China, warning that they would raise costs for

4、American consumers and risked provoking a damaging trade war. Business groups from a range of industries expressed a common view: they shared Mr. Trumps concerns about intellectual property violations and unfair trading practices by China but thought his decision to use tariffs to address the proble

5、m would be counter-productive. One of the strongest responses to the plans came from the National Retail Federation, which said the tariffs would “punish ordinary Americans for Chinas violations”.【答案】【参考译文】美国总统唐纳德.特朗普(Donald Trump)宣布对中国进口产品广泛征收关税后，美国企业纷纷表示震惊，他们警告，关税将提高美国消费者成本，并有引发破坏性的贸易战的风险。来自不同行业的商

6、界组织表达了共同的看法：他们认同特朗普对中国侵犯知识产权和不公平交易行为的担忧，但认为使用关税解决问题的决定可能适得其反。美国零售联合会(National Retail Federation)是对关税计划作出最强烈回应的机构之一。该机构指出，征收关税将“让普通美国人因中国的违规行为而受到惩罚”。4. 单选题They have made a （ ） plan to build a suspension bridge over the river.问题1选项A.bandB.boundC.bondD.bold【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项band“用带绑扎；给镶边；乐队”；B选项bound

7、“被束缚了的”；C选项bond“结合的”；D选项bold“大胆的，英勇的”。句意：他们已做出了一个大胆的计划，要在这条河上建一座吊桥。由空格后的关键词“plan计划”可知“大胆的”符合句意，因此D选项正确。5. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. You should write your answer on the Answer Sheet.41. The crucial point is this: labor, land and money are essential elements of indus

8、try; they also must be organized in market; in fact, these markets form an absolutely vital part of the economic-system. But labor, land and money are obviously not commodities. Labor is only another name for a human activity which goes with life itself, which in its turn is not produced for sale bu

9、t for entirely different seasons, nor can that activity be detached from the rest of life, be stored or mobilized; land is only another name for nature, which is not produced by man; actual money, finally, is merely a token of purchasing power which, as a rule, is not produced at all, but comes into

10、 being through the mechanism of banking or state finance. None of them is produced for sale. The commodity description of labor, land and money is entirely fictitious.【答案】关键在于：劳动力、土地和金钱是工业的基本要素；在市场上，它们还必须以组织有序的形式呈现；事实上，这些市场构成了经济体系中绝对重要的一部分。然而劳动力、土地和金钱显然不是商品。劳动只不过是一种与生命相伴的人类活动的别名。这种人类活动不是为了出售而产生的，而是顺

11、应不同季节而出现的。并且这种活动也不能与生命体的其他活动分离开来，无法被储存和调用。土地只是自然的另一个名称，它不是由人类产生的；实际的货币仅仅是购买力的一种表征，一般来说，这种购买力根本无法被生产，而是通过银行或国家财政机制形成的。它们都不是为销售而存在的。对劳动、土地和金钱的商品性描述完全是虚构的。6. 单选题They hope to be able to move into the new building at the end of month, but things did not （ ） as they had expected.问题1选项A.work outB.work atC.

12、work onD.work off【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项work out“解决；算出；实现；制定出；消耗完；弄懂；锻炼”；B选项work at“从事于；致力于”；C选项work on“影响，对起作用；继续工作；从事于”；D选项work off“售出；清理，排除；渐渐地清除；冒充”。句意：他们希望能在月底搬进新楼，但事情没有如他们预料的那样顺利。因此A选项正确。7. 单选题In digital electronics, signals are broken down into thousands, maybe millions,（ ）, which are encoded as

13、zeroes and ones.问题1选项A.of bits of informationB.of much in formationC.of little in formationD.of information【答案】A【解析】information 是不可数名词，选项D错；little information 否定含义，不符合本题句意，C选项错；B选项语义不通。只有A选项正确。8. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into English. You should write your answer on the Answer

14、Sheet.42. 我认为，人之首要任务便是设法自立，如此，就能免除他人负担其生活。另外，学会严谨、细心的态度从事有意义的工作，其本身就是非常重要的一课，在其他一切人生追求中能体现出它的作用。当你想做其他事情，却仍能投身于你不喜欢的工作，这种习惯是无价的。假若年轻时，我能够培养自己有这个习惯，就能避免浪费许多时间了。【答案】I believe that the first business of a man is to find ways of supporting himself, in which he shall relieve others of the burden of his e

15、xistence. In addition, learning to do meaningful work with rigor and care is a very important lesson in itself, and it can play a role in all other pursuits of life. It is a invaluable habit that when you want to do something else, you are able to devote yourself to a job that you dont like.Had I cu

16、ltivated myself to have the habit in my youth, I might have avoided wasting much time.9. 单选题Able to go almost anywhere, even over the mountainous Allegheny barrier, the railroad（ ）terrain and weather.问题1选项A.defiedB.resistedC.counterpoisedD.suppressed【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项defy“藐视；公然反抗；挑衅”；B选项resist“抵抗，抗

17、拒；忍耐”；C选项counterpoise“使平衡；均衡”；D选项suppress“抑制；镇压；废止”。句意：几乎可以去任何地方，甚至可以越过阿勒格尼山脉，铁路 地形和天气。根据句意可知，这里是指铁路可以不受地形和天气的影响，即“藐视”地形和天气，A选项正确。10. 单选题The governments inability to （ ） its own laws and regulations disappointed the electorate.问题1选项A.guaranteeB.strikeC.sanctionD.enforce【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项guarantee“保

18、证，承诺”；B选项strike“撞击；打”；C选项sanction“制裁，处罚；认可；支持”；D选项enforce“实施，执行”。句意：政府无法执行自己的法律法规令选民失望。由空格后的关键词“laws and regulations法律和法规”可知“实施”符合句意，因此D选项正确。11. 单选题It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A jo

19、urnal editor would then remove the authors names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge

20、of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer. The internet and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it, is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organiza

21、tion for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits

22、. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scient

23、ific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in s

24、ome 16,000 journals.This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the reports authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to

25、 a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or internation

26、al laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could chan

27、ge the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.31. In the first paragraph, the author discusses（ ）32. Which of the following is true of the OECD report?33. According to the text, online publication is significant in that （ ）34. With the open-access publish

28、ing model, the author of a paper is required to（ ）35. Which of the following best summarizes the text?问题1选项A.the background information of journal editing.B.the publication routine of laboratory reports.C.the relations of authors with journal publishers.D.the traditional process of journal publicati

29、on.问题2选项A.It criticizes government-funded research.B.It introduces an effective means of publication.C.It upsets profit-making journal publishers.D.It benefits scientific research considerably.问题3选项A.it provides an easier access to scientific results.B.it brings huge profits to scientific researcher

30、s.C.it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge.D.it facilitates public investment in scientific research.问题4选项A.cover the cost of its publication.B.subscribe to the journal publishing it.C.allow other online journals to use it freely.D.complete the peer-review before submission.问题5选项A.Th

31、e Internet is posing a threat to publishers.B.A new mode of publication is emerging.C.Authors welcome the new channel for publication.D.Publication is rendered easier by online service.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】31.【试题答案】D【试题解析】主旨大意题。本段没有明显的主题句，因此需要根据句子所陈述的意思概括出该段落的主旨大意。结合各句的含义可知，第一段主要是描述了过去学术

32、期刊的出版过程及特点，因此D选项“期刊出版的传统过程”正确。32.【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。根据第二段第四句The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits（澳大利亚维多利亚大学的约翰霍顿和经济合作与发展组织的格雷厄姆维克里共同撰写的这份报告让那些迄今已获得可观利润的出版商们读起来费劲）可推断

33、出，出版商们“读起来费劲”显然不是因为读不懂，而是因为这个报告触及了他们的利益，因此C选项“这让盈利的期刊出版商感到不安”正确。33.【试题答案】A【试题解析】判断推理题。根据第二段第二句中的The internet and pressure from funding agencies . is making access to scientific results a reality（互联网和来自资助机构的压力正在使获取科学结果成为现实），以及第三段第一句The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in res

34、earch depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access（知识的价值和对公共研究投资的回报，在某种程度上取决于广泛的分配和方便的获取）可以推断出，知识的价值在于其广泛传播和即时获取，而互联网使得科学成果的容易获取变成现实，因此互联网在线出版的重大意义在于“它使人们更容易获得科学成果”，A选项正确。34.【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第四段第五句There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his empl

35、oyer) to pay for the paper to be published（一种是开放获取出版，通常要求作者或其雇主为论文的出版付费）可知，A选项“支付出版的费用”正确。35.【试题答案】B【试题解析】主旨大意题。本文从客观的角度，介绍了新的出版方式（由此可知B选项“出现了一种新的出版模式”正确），并没有表露作者的观点，也没有从传统的出版社的角度来表示互联网是一种威胁，因此可以分别排除C选项、A选项；D选项“在线服务使发布变得更容易”本文并未提及，因此排除D选项。12. 单选题Directions: Reading the following text. Choose the bes

36、t word or phrase for each numbered blank from the four choices marked A, B, C or D.A four-year college degree, seen for generations as a ticket to a better life, is（11）enough to guarantee a steadily rising paycheck.Just ask Bea Dewing. After she earned a bachelors degreehis secondin computer science

37、 from Marylands Frostburg State University in 1986, she enjoyed almost unbroken advance in（12）, eventually earning $89,000 a year as a data modeler for Sprint Corp in Lawrence, Ken. Then, in 2002, Sprint laid her off.“I thought I might be looking a few weeks or months at most,” says Ms. Dewing, now

38、56 years old.（13）she spent the next six years in a career wilderness, starting in internet cafe that didnt succeed, working（14）job and low-end positions in data processing, and fruitlessly（15）hundreds of job postings. The low point came around 2004 when a recruiter for Sprintnow known as Sprint Next

39、el Corp.called seeking to fill a job similar to the one she（16）two years earlier, but paying barely a third of her old salary.In April, Ms. Dewing finally landed a job（17）her old one in the information technology department of Wal-Mart Store Inc.s headquarters in Bentonville, Ark, where she relocate

40、d. She（18）about 20% less than she did in 2002, adjusted for inflation, but considers herself fortunate, and wiser.A degree, she says, “isnt any big guarantee of employment, its a basic（19）, a step you have to take to（20）be considered for many professional jobs.” A college degree may not take you as

41、far as youd expect, although there may still be a few fields where a bachelors degree still remains a worthy investment.问题1选项A.definitelyB.no longerC.rarelyD.impossible问题2选项A.securityB.promotionC.benefitsD.wages问题3选项A.FurthermoreB.DespiteC.InsteadD.And问题4选项A.temporaryB.variousC.similarD.technical问题5

42、选项A.responded toB.responding forC.responding toD.respond through问题6选项A.gotB.gave upC.lostD.secured问题7选项A.related toB.similar toC.compared withD.in contrast with问题8选项A.earnsB.contributesC.offersD.pays问题9选项A.qualityB.requirementC.promiseD.possibility问题10选项A.justB.thoughC.yetD.even【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4

43、题:A第5题:C第6题:C第7题:B第8题:A第9题:B第10题:D【解析】11. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。A选项definitely“清楚地，当然；明确地，肯定地”；B选项no longer“不再”；C选项rarely“很少地；难得；罕有地”；D选项impossible“不可能的；不可能存在的”。句意：四年制本科学位在多少代人的眼中都被看作是通往美好生活的门票，而现在，它已不再能保证薪水的稳定增长了。根据句意，此处有转折的含义，因此B选项正确。12. 【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查上下文语义与词义辨析。A选项security“安全，安全性；保证；证券；抵押品”；B选项prom

44、otion“提升，晋升；促销；促进”；C选项benefit“利益，好处”；D选项wage“工资；报酬”。句意：她几乎不间断地享受加薪。由空格后的关键词“earning $89,000 a year年薪89000美元”可知“工资”符合句意，因此D选项正确。13. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。A选项furthermore“此外；而且”；B选项despite“即使，尽管”；C选项instead“反而；相反”；D选项and“和；然后”。句意：但恰恰相反，接下来的六年中她在求职道路上处处碰壁。由上文“I thought I might be looking a few weeks or mo

45、nths at most我觉得自己最多只要几周或几个月时间就能找到工作”，可推知此处表转折，instead“反而；相反”符合句意，因此C选项正确。14. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查上下文语义与词义辨析。A选项temporary“ 暂时的，临时的”；B选项various“各种各样的；多方面的”；C选项similar“相似的”；D选项technical“工艺的，科技的”。句意：从事数据处理方面的临时工作和低端职位。“暂时的”符合句意，因此A选项正确。15. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查语法和词义辨析。A选项respond to“响应；回答；对反应”；B选项respond for“作出反应/响

46、应”；C选项与A选项相同；D选项respond through“通过反应/响应”。句意：也曾经回复过数百个职位招聘广告，但都无功而返。这里要表达的意思是“responding to hundreds of job postings曾经回复过数百个职位招聘广告”，且“responding to”和前文的“starting” “working”为并列结构，因此C选项正确。16. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查上下文语义和词义辨析。A选项get“获得；受到；变成”；B选项give up“放弃；交出”；C选项lose“浪费；使沉溺于；使迷路；遗失；错过”；D选项secure“保护”。句意：最低潮的时候

47、是在2004年左右，斯普林特现在的Sprint Nextel Corp.的一个招聘人员打来电话，职位与她两年前失去的工作类似，但薪水只有她原先的三分之一。根据上文可知，杜因两年前曾经失去过一份工作，因此C选项正确。17. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查上下文语义和词组辨析。A选项relate to“与有关”；B选项similar to“与相似；和相同”；C选项compare with“与相比较”；D选项in contrast with“与形成对比；与相比”。句意：杜因终于在阿肯色州本顿维尔的沃尔玛连锁公司（Wal-Mart Stores Inc.）总部的信息技术部门找到了一份与老本行差不多的工

48、作。句子要表达的是“一份与之前工作相似的工作”，“similar to与相似”符合句意，因此B选项正确。18. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查上下文语义和词义辨析。A选项earn“赚；获得；挣得”；B选项contribute“贡献；有助于”；C选项offer“提供；出价”；D选项pay“支付；给予”。句意：她现在的薪水经通胀因素调整后比2002年的薪水低了20%左右。根据上下文可知“earn赚；获得；挣得”符合句意，因此A选项正确。19. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项quality“质量，品质；特性；才能”；B选项requirement“要求；必要条件；必需品”；C选项pro

49、mise“许诺，允诺；希望”；D选项possibility“可能性”。句意：学位并不是找到工作的大保证，它是一项基本要求，甚至是许多专业职位考虑聘用你时必须采取的一步。“requirement要求”符合句意，因此B选项正确。20. 【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项just“ 只是，仅仅”；B选项though“虽然，尽管”；C选项yet“还；但是；已经”；D选项even“甚至，即使”。句意：学位并不是找到工作的大保证，它是一项基本要求，甚至是许多专业职位考虑聘用你时必须采取的一步。根据句意可知even“甚至”正确，因此D选项正确。13. 单选题Questions 26 to 30

50、 are based on the following passage.Before, whenever we had wealth, we started discussing poverty. Why not now? Why is the current politics of wealth and poverty seemingly about wealth alone? Eight years ago, when Bill Clinton first ran for president, the Dow Jones average was under 3,500, yearly fe

51、deral budget deficits were projected at hundreds of billions of dollars forever and beyond, and no one talked about the “permanent boom” or the “new economy”. Yet in that more straitened time, Clinton made much of the importance of “not leaving a single person behind”. It is possible that similar “c

52、ompassionate” rhetoric might yet play a role in the general election.But it is striking how much less talk there is about the poor than there was eight years ago, when the country was economically uncertain, or in previous eras, when the county felt flush. Even last summer, when Clinton spent severa

53、l days on a remarkable tour through impoverished areas from Indian reservations in South Dakota to ghetto neighborhoods in East St. Louis, the administration decided to refer to the effort not as a poverty tour but as a “new market initiative”.What is happening is partly a logical, policy-driven rea

54、ction. Poverty really is lower than it has been in decades, especially for minority groups. The most attractive solution to ita growing economyis being applied. The people who have been totally left out of this boom often have medical, mental or other problems for which no one has an immediate solut

55、ion. “The economy has sucked in anyone who has any preparation, any ability to cope with modern life,” says Franklin D. Raines, the former director of the Office of Management and Budget who is now head of Fannie Mac. When he and other people who specialize in the issue talk about solutions, they ta

56、lk analytically and on a long term basis: education, development of work sill, shifts in the labor market, and adjustments in welfare reform.But I think there is another force that has made this a rich era with barely visible poor people. It is the unusual social and imaginative separation between p

57、rosperous America and those still left out. Its simple invisibility because of increasing geographic, occupational, and social barriers that block one group from the others view.26. What does the word “straitened” in the first paragraph mean?27. What is one important reason why we do not talk much a

58、bout poverty according to the author?28. What can be concluded from the passage?29. What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?30. What is the main idea of the passage?问题1选项A.StraightforwardB.WealthyC.DistantD.Difficult问题2选项A.No one knows what to do about it.B.No one has been left out of th

59、e current boom.C.Poverty really is lower than in the past.D.The president is not concerned about the poor.问题3选项A.The relationship between the rich and the poor has changed.B.We should pay more attention to poverty.C.The good economy will soon end.D.All people benefit from good economic conditions.问题

60、4选项A.To entertain.B.To persuade.C.To tell a story.D.To describe.问题5选项A.We were more aware of the poor in the past than we are today.B.The poor are benefiting from todays good economy.C.The country is enjoying economic growth.D.There were many more poor people than there are today.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A

61、第4题:D第5题:A【解析】26. 【试题答案】D【试题解析】语义推测题。由题干定位到文章第一段中的“yearly federal budget deficits were projected at hundreds of billions of dollars forever and beyond每年的联邦预算赤字预计将永远达到数千亿美元，甚至更高”和“Yet in that more straitened time, Clinton made much of the importance of not leaving a single person behind.然而，在这段更紧张的时间里

62、，克林顿强调了不让一个人掉队的重要性。”可推知straitened有“贫困的，困难的”的意思，所以D项difficult“困难的”正确。A项“简单的；坦率的”；B项“富有的”；C项“遥远的；冷漠的”；D项“困难的”，因此D选项正确。27. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】事实细节题。由题干定位到文章第三段中的第二句“Poverty really is lower than it has been in decades, especially for minority groups. 贫困率确实比过去几十年都要低，尤其是对少数群体而言。”可知C项“贫困率确实比过去低。”正确。A项“没有人知道该怎么做。”；B项“没有人被排除在当前的繁荣之外。”；C项“贫困率确实比过去低。”；D项“总统不关心穷人。”，因此C选项正确。28. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。由题干定位到文章最后一段中的第一句“But I think there is another force that has made this a rich era with barely visible poor people.但我认为，还有另一种力量，使这个时代成为一个穷人几乎不见踪影的富裕时代。”可推知A项“富人和穷人之间的关系发生了变化。”正确，除A项之外的其他选项文中并未提及。A项“