浅析第二十二条军规中的黑色幽默英语毕业论文

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1、 . . . 本科毕业设计（论文）题目:A Brief Study on Black Humor in Catch-22浅析第二十二条军规中的黑色幽默学 院： 外语学院 专 业： 英 语 毕业设计（论文）原创性声明和使用授权说明原创性声明本人重承诺：所呈交的毕业设计（论文），是我个人在指导教师的指导下进行的研究工作与取得的成果。尽我所知，除文中特别加以标注和致的地方外，不包含其他人或组织已经发表或公布过的研究成果，也不包含我为获得与其它教育机构的学位或学历而使用过的材料。对本研究提供过帮助和做出过贡献的个人或集体，均已在文中作了明确的说明并表示了意。作 者 签 名：日 期：指导教师签名： 日期

2、：使用授权说明本人完全了解大学关于收集、保存、使用毕业设计（论文）的规定，即：按照学校要求提交毕业设计（论文）的印刷本和电子版本；学校有权保存毕业设计（论文）的印刷本和电子版，并提供目录检索与阅览服务；学校可以采用影印、缩印、数字化或其它复制手段保存论文；在不以赢利为目的前提下，学校可以公布论文的部分或全部容。作者签名： 日 期：学位论文原创性声明本人重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法

3、律后果由本人承担。作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日学位论文使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。涉密论文按学校规定处理。作者签名：日期： 年 月 日导师签名： 日期： 年 月 日ContentsEnglish Outline.IChinese Outline.IIEnglish Abstract.IIIChinese Abstract.IVChapter I Intr

4、oduction.1Chapter II GeneralExplanation of the Black Humor.1Chapter III An Brief Introduction to Joseph Heller.2Chapter IVBlack Humor inCatch-22.6Chapter V Conclusion.11Works Cited.12目 录英文提纲.I中文提纲.III英文摘要.IV中文摘要.V第一章 引言.1第二章 黑色幽默简介 .1第三章 约瑟夫.海勒简介.2第四章 黑色幽默在第二十二条军规中的体现.6第五章 结论.11参考文献.12OutlineThesis

5、statement: This paper makes a tentative analysis of black humor in Joseph Hellers catch-22 aiming at deepening the readers understanding of the black humor and catch-22.Chapter I IntroductionChapter II General Explanation of the Black HumorChapter III Brief Introduction to Joseph Heller3.1 Hellers L

6、ife3.2 Hellers Writing Style and Works3.3 Hellers Catch-223.3.1The Background of Catch-223.3.2 A Gist of the NovelChapter IV Black Humor in catch-224.1 The Description of Main Characters 4.2 The Theme of the Novel4.3 The Structure of the Novel4.4 The Characteristics of the Language Chapter VI Conclu

7、sionWorks Cited提 纲论文主旨：本文通过分析约瑟夫.海勒的作品第二十二条军规中的黑色幽默加深读者对这部作品以与黑色幽默的理解。第一章 引言第二章 黑色幽默简介第三章 约瑟夫简介3.1 约瑟夫.海勒的一生3.2约瑟夫.海勒的写作风格与作品3.3 海勒的第二十二条军规3.3.1第二十二条军规的创作背景3.3.2第二十二条军规的容梗概第四章 黑色幽默在第二十二条军规中的精彩体现4.1 人物塑造4.2 小说主题4.3 结构特点4.4 语言特色第五章 结论参考文献AbstractCatch-22 is one of the typical representative books of b

8、lack humor. JosephHeller, the author of this novel described many absurd images in a symbolic way. Manywords,phrases, and dialogues in this novel are disorder,repeating, dubious and paradoxical. It is the wonderful deduction of black humor. The author of this paper mainly analyzed black humor in cat

9、ch-22 through concrete discussing the black humor in portraying the characters, deepening the theme, arranging the structure and selecting the words and sentences in this fiction. All in all, catch -22 is one of the most important works of black humor and this paper is to make the readers have a bet

10、ter understanding of the novel catch-22.Key Words: black humor; catch-22; absurd摘 要二十二条军规是黑色幽默文学的代表作之一。二十二条军规的作者约瑟夫.海勒以象征主义手法创造了许多经典的角色。这部著作的许多词、短语、对话都是处于无序、重复、模棱两可和自相矛盾中，是黑色幽默的完美演绎。这篇论文主要通过详细探讨黑色幽默在塑造人物、深化主题、安排结构以与选词造句上的运用来分析黑色幽默在这部小说中的完美展现。总之，第二十二条军规是黑色幽默最重要的著作之一，这篇论文旨在加深读者对它理解。关键词：黑色幽默；第二十二条军规；荒诞

11、A Brief Study on Black Humor in Catch-22Chapter I IntroductionCatch-22 is the first and most important long novel of Joseph Heller. Since catch-22 was published in 1961 in America, it has always been a crucial part of modern literature. With the time passing, the novel has not been out of date. On t

12、he contrary, it attracts wide attentions around the world because of the novels theme, writing style and value. In China, an increasing number of scholars write books and essays to expound different aspects of the novel. Through detailed search and analysis, it was found that at present there are at

13、 least 130 academic papers about Catch-22 on the CDMD (Chinese Doctor and Masters Database). Among all these papers, 48 papers focus on its theme and the author and 66 papers are concerned with its writing skills. Some others mainly study on the absurdity as well as other things related with Catch-2

14、2, for example, Wu Shaohui(2006) Free Choice in an Absurd WorldAn Interpretation of the Existentialism and Wang Yimei(2005)The Gradual Return to SelfA Tentative Analysis of Self-awareness in the 20th Centurys Western Modernist Literature. Besides, several papers are about characters of Catch-22 such

15、 as Wan Shihua (2006)The Black Figure SalonAnalysis of the Figures on Catch-22. Undoubtedly no matter what subjects the scholars study, theme, writing skill or others, it is inevitable for them to touch on the literature gene of this novelblack humor. This paper makes a tentative study on the relati

16、onship between black humor and Catch-22. From the perspective of black humor, the author of this paper is trying to make a detailed analysis on its main character, theme, structure and language aims to comprehensively display the deduction of black humor in Catch-22 and let the readers have a better

17、 understanding of this novel. Chapter II General Explanation of the Black HumorBlack humor is credited to the Anthology of Black Humor, a 1939 French anthology of45 writers edited by Andre Breton. In the United States, black humor as a literary genre came to prominence in the 1950s and 1960s. Later,

18、 an English-language anthology edited by Bruce Jay Friedman, titled Black Humor, assembles works of 12 writers of the genre. It is one of the most representative genres in the American literature in 1960s. For instance, the works of such writers as Kurt Vonnegut, Thomas Pynchon, John Barth, Joseph H

19、eller, and Philip Roth contain elements of black humor.It was usually used in literature, drama, and film, is a kind of grotesque or morbid humor retaining a serious tone .The purpose of black humor is to express the absurdity, insensitivity, paradox, and cruelty of the modern world. Ordinary charac

20、ters or situations are usually exaggerated far beyond the limits of normal satire or irony. Black humor uses devices often associated with tragedy and is sometimes equated with tragic farce. For example, Stanley Kubricks film Dr. Strangelove or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (1963)

21、 is a terrifying comic treatment of the circumstances surrounding the dropping of an atom bomb, while Jules Feiffers comedy Little Murders (1965) is a delineation of the horrors of modern urban life, focusing particularly on random assassinations. Popular themes of the genre include murder, suicide,

22、 war, barbarism, drug abuse, terminal illness, domestic violence, insanity, nightmare, disease, racism, disability (both physical and mental), chauvinism, corruption, and crime. Besides, some comedians use it as a tool for exploring vulgar issues, thus provoking discomfort and serious thought as wel

23、l as amusement in their audience.The author of this paper thinks that black humor as one of the American literature genres must have its origin.Looking back into the history, it is not difficult to find that there are two aspects of reasons for the appearance of black humor. First of all, the war tr

24、auma and social disturbance make people have a foreboding of the end of the world. In 1960s, the WWII has just finished, but the effects of the war lasted for many years. All facts in American disclosed the lies of so-called justice and patriotism resulting in shaking peoples belief in God, humanita

25、rianism and reason. In addition, the lopsided development of technology caused the loss of personality. An increasing number of people were stressed out materially and spiritually. Under that circumstance, black humor came out as a necessary method to express peoples inner feelings.Chapter III Brief

26、 Introduction to Joseph Heller3.1 Hellers LifeJoseph Heller (1923-1999) was born in Coney Island in Brooklyn, New York on May 1, 1923. He is the son of poor Jewish parents from Russia. He died of a heart attack at the age of 76 years oldat his home in East Hampton, on Long Island, in December 1999.E

27、ven as a child, he loved to write; as a teenager, he wrote a story about the Russian invasion of Finland and sent it to New York Daily News, which rejected it.His works were first published in 1948, when the Atlantic ran one of his short stories. That first story nearly won the “Atlantic First. In 1

28、953, he began to write his Catch-22 and it was published in 1961. Shortly after Catch-22 was published, Heller thought of an idea for his next novel, which would become Something Happened.After that, he became a professional writer and kept on writing until the completion of his last novel, Portrait

29、 of an Artist, as an Old Man.Reality is the setting of literature. Hellers life experience affected his writing career. He was born into a Jewish family. Because of racial persecution in Russia, his family immigrated to America in 1913. When he was young, his family was very poor. In 1942, at the ag

30、e of 19, he joined the U.S. Army Air Corps. Two years later, he was sent to Italian Front as a bombardier. Yossarian, the main character in Catch-22 is similar to him in many aspects. After the war, Heller studied English at the University of Southern California and New York University. During that

31、period, he began to write short stories. He was once suffered from gullian-barre syndrome. His illness and recovery are recounted at great length in the autobiographical No Laughing Matter (Heller 1986). In 1998, he released a memoir, Now and Then: From Coney Island to Here, in which he relived his

32、childhood as the son of a deliveryman and offered some details about the inspirations for Catch-22.3.2 Hellers Works and Writing StyleJoseph Heller began his writing career as the author of short stories but won immediate acclaim with Catch-22 (1961; film, 1970). A protest novel underscored with bla

33、ck humor, Catch-22 satirizes the horrors of war and the power of modern society, especially bureaucratic institutions, to destroy the human spirit. Hellers second novel, Something Happened (1974), an expose of the capacity of the business world to crush the individual, is a pessimistic statement abo

34、ut the effects of prosperity on the human condition. We Bombed in New Haven, a play produced on Broadway in 1967, is a tragicomedy similar in theme and mood to Catch-22. Good as Gold (1979) involves a humorous portrayal of Jewish family life and a satire of national politics, including attacks on re

35、al people such as Henry Kissinger. God Knows (1984) is a humorous retelling and analysis of the biblical account of King David. Among his later works are the novels Poetics (1987) and Picture This (1988) Closing Time (1994) Portrait of an Artist, as an Old Man (2000). No Laughing Matter (1986) is a

36、chronicle of Hellers recovery from Guillain-Barre syndrome, which contains alternating chapters by Heller and his good friend Speed Vogel. The book reveals the assistance and companionship Heller received during this period from a number of his prominent friendsMel Brooks, Mario Puzo, Dustin Hoffman

37、 and George Mandel among them. Hellers works are characterized by a satirical sense of the absurd, speaking out against the military-industrial complex and those organized institutions which seem to manipulate peoples lives in the name of reason or morality. The author of this paper just takes Helle

38、rs Catch-22 and something wrong as examples.In Catch-22, the author discarded the traditional realism, made whole works without a complete plot development clue. There was not a prominent character image. Instead,it is full of chaos, noisy, crazy atmosphere. But the authors also stressed a serious a

39、bsurd, describing the whole American society from its internal dirty, corruption, and fall, especially those bureaucrats. Joseph Hellers second novel, Something Wrong, written in 1974, described a company staffs mental anguish. It reflects the psychological state of American middle class. Something

40、Wrong focused on writing external forces causing the persons oppression and corrosion. Catch-22 mainly told the characters inner spiritual life. The author in this novel made use of jokes to show that there was really something wrong with the society. He also satirized the reality and politics throu

41、gh absurd and deforming description.3.3 Hellers Catch-223.3.1 The Background of Catch-22 After WWII, America experienced a period of unprecedented economic boom. In 1950s, America became the big brother of the capitalism world. The Cold War broke out between America and Soviet Union. With the strong

42、er of Soviet Union, many American began be afraid of communism. They thought that the lives of American would be in danger. The republican from Wisconsin Joseph R McCarthy speak out the fear of the American. McCarthyism made the young be resentful and limited the development of literature. Besides,

43、exhausting all resources to build up American military power aroused the anti-war sentiment. Under such political circumstances, Catch-22 came out to express the authors feeling to a chaotic America.At the beginning of 20th-century, the famous new humanism critic More found that there was a kind of

44、“the power of blackness” in American literature. O. Henry made use of “tearful humor” to tell the miserable life of ordinary people. Mark Twain used a kind of humor, which described bleeding with pleasure and made jokes on corpse. This kind of humor was very close to black humor literature created b

45、y Mark Twain has significant effects on the following writers. With the time passing, the humor literature was developed by leaps and bounds. Some scholars pointed out that ridicule was one of the characters in 20-th century literature. In 1960s, black humor became prevalent. It was a new period of

46、humor after Mark Twain. Just at that time, JosephHeller began to write his Catch-22. And after it was published, he became the representative writer of this period.There are social factors for JosephHellers Catch-22. Although the WWII ended in 1945, it was difficult for people to get rid of the fear

47、 and unpeaceful feelings caused by war. The crime of Nazi and the using of atom all left a very deep impression on people. Because of the using of atom, people doubted whether technology benefit human or not. In 1950s, the success of superatomatic experiments and artificial satellite all made people

48、 feel pollution made people unpeaceful. In 1960s, population explosion and deteriorated environment pollution made people feel ideological confusion. Democracy, individual pursuit religious belief all did not exist. Traditional moral beliefs and value system lost their effects. The people in modern

49、society lost connect with history and were tapped in lone and alienation. 3.3.2 Gist of the NovelCatch-22is asatirical,historicalnovel of Joseph Heller. It was set during the later stages of World War II from 1944 onwards, which is frequently cited as one of the great literary works of the twentieth

50、 century. It has a distinctive non-chronological style where events are described from different characters points of view and out of sequence so that the time line develops along with the plot.Joseph Heller wrote the novel without a complete plot. There are 42 chapters and every chapter tells a sto

51、ry of one person. The novel follows Yossarian, a U.S. Army Air Forces B-25 bombardier, and a number of other characters. Most events occur while the airmen of the fictional 256th squadron are based on the island of Pianosa, in the Mediterranean Sea west of Italy. During the WWII, the protagonist Yos

52、sarian lived in a strange and unusual world, where everyone placed the war in the center. As a bombardier of an U.S. Army Air Forces, he was committed to war out of justice. Because of his achievements in war, he was promoted to captain. However, after he witnessed a lot of hypocritical, absurd, cra

53、zy and cruel phenomena, Yossarian became cynical and antipathetic to war. He wanted neither to be promoted nor to contribute. He just wanted to go home after his companions were killed one after another. So he devised multiple strategies to avoid combat missions, but the military bureaucracy is alwa

54、ys able to use the catch-22 to make him stay. Gradually, Yossarian came to realize that catch-22 did not actually exist, but because the powers that claimed it does, and the world believes it does. At last, he had to escape to Sweden.The author of this paper thinks that although many events in the b

55、ook are repeatedly described, it is from different points of view. In that way the reader learns more about each event from each point of view, with the new information often completing a joke, the punch line of it was told several chapters previously. The novel often describes events out of sequenc

56、e, but events are referred to as if the reader is already familiar with them, so that the reader must ultimately piece together a timeline of events. Chapter IV Black Humor in Catch-224.1 The Characters in this NovelThe writer directly exposes every real aspect of American bureaucracy society after

57、WWII by depicting those people in single of multiple dimensions. Being the representative of the literature of black humor, the work contains tremendous styles of utterances and behaviors of various persons which circle the principle of “catch-22” .Yossarian, a typical anti-heroic character of black

58、 humor, is the protagonist in Catch-22. Yossarian had a lot of heroic characteristics, for instance, he was very smart and knew the world literature very well. Therefore, he was familiar with various classical heroic characters. He was not like Henry having too many fancies. In the Air Force Trainin

59、g, Clevinger thought Scheisskoph really need suggestions when he asked for advices, while Yossarian knew that was not true. At the same time, Yossarian was admired and respected by others. Without his support, Dobbss plan of assassinating Colonel Cathcart was failed. Besides, the capitalists Milo ad

60、mired Yossarian very much, for instance, he always asked Yossarian for advices to run his business.Most of his behaviors are regarded as immoral and coward, for example, he would pretend to be ill and then be sent to the hospital every time when he was afraid of the war or his friends have been kill

61、ed. He tried many ways to be proved that he is a maniac so that he can be exempted from flying any mission. But In many aspects, Yossarian always lived a moral life. He refused to be a hero when he knew that it was just a transaction, which was designed by the bureaucrat Colonel Cathcart to conceal

62、his illegal behaviors; he would not have a relationship with the women he did not love. In fact, Yossarian can be regarded as a hero to some extent. He was opposed to the corruption among soldiers. Even nowadays, very few people have the courage to do like that. Yossarian rejected to accept “catch-2

63、2” and wanted to escape from the army, which were not only regarded as the demonstration of his cowardice but also reflected he was a hero. In conclusion, Yossarian is the representative of the common in the society, whose destiny is dominated by others. The difference is Yossarian can not stand that his life is