2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考前模拟强化练习题94（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The girl was （ ）a shop assistant; she is now a manager in a large department.问题1选项A.preliminarilyB.presumablyC.formallyD.formerly【答案】D【解析】考查副词词义辨析。Preliminarily “初步地”；presumably “大概，推测起来”；formally “正式地”；formerly “以前，原来”。句意：这个女孩之前是商店的助理，现在是一个大部门的经理。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题

2、Her interest in redecorating the big house kept her （ ）for a whole week. (98/6)问题1选项A.constrainedB.dominatedC.restrictedD.occupied【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。constrained “被强迫的”；dominated “占主导地位的”；restricted “受限制的；occupied “使用中的；无空闲的”。句意：她热衷于给这个大房子重新装修，为此她会忙碌整个星期。选项D符合题意。3. 单选题Mary once（ ） with another musici

3、an to compose a piece of pop music.问题1选项A.mergedB.collaboratedC.coincidedD.constituted【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。merge “混合”；collaborate “合作”；coincide “一致”；constitute “组成，构成”。句意：玛丽曾经与另外一位音乐家合作写了一首流行曲。选项B符合题意。4. 单选题Many tourists were （ ）by the citys complicated traffic system.问题1选项A.degradedB.bewilderedC.evoke

4、dD.diverted【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。degrade “降级，降低，退化”；bewilder “使迷惑”；evoke “引起，唤起”；divert “转移”。句意：很多游客都被这个城市复杂的交通系统弄得晕头转向。选项B符合题意。5. 翻译题来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余 5位均是亚裔学生。他干脆在实验室的门上

5、贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7 天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所待的3年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5 人。1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学旅程。【答案】Like students from other Asian countries, most Chinese students who come to further their study in the United States work on their studies industriously.

6、 Even on weekends, they would spend one or two days working overtime in their laboratories. Therefore, compared with their American students, they obtain more achievements. My supervisor is an Asian people. He is obsessed with alcohols and cigarettes, and has an irritable temper. However, he highly

7、appreciates the industry and the solid foundational knowledge of Asian students and has a particularly keen insight into what these students think about. Hence, of all the students recruited into his laboratory, except for one German, the other five were all from Asia. He even put an eye-catching no

8、tice on the door of the laboratory, which read “All the research assistants of this laboratory are required to work 7 days a week, from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p. m. Nothing but work during the working hours”. This supervisor is known for his severity and harshness. During the 3 and a half years that I

9、stayed there, a total of 14 students were recruited into his laboratory and only 5 of them stayed and got their Ph. D degrees. In the summer of 1990, regardless of others dissuasion, I accepted my supervisors sponsorship and embarked on my difficult journey of academic pursuit.6. 单选题 ） ofthe deliver

10、y port and shipping is available atany time.问题1选项A.garageB.cabinetC.capsuleD.warehouse【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。garage “车库”；cabinet “橱柜”；capsule “胶囊”；warehouse “仓库”。句意：完成的产品都储藏在一个交货港的仓库里，随时都可以交货。选项D符合题意。7. 单选题Because a degree from a good university is the means to a better job, education is one of the most（

11、 ） areas in Japanese life.问题1选项A.sophisticatedB.competitiveC.considerateD.superficial【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。sophisticated “久经世故的；复杂的”；competitive “有竞争力的”；considerate “体贴的”；superficial “肤浅的”。句意：因为有一个好的大学文凭就能找到一个更好的工作，所以教育是日本生活中最具有竞争力的领域之一。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题Every human being, no matter what he is doing, gives

12、 off body heat. The usual problem is how to dispose of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the opposite problem of how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which utilizes not only body heat, but the heat given off by su

13、ch objects as light bulbs and refrigerators as well. The system works so well that no conventional fuel is needed to make the campuss six buildings comfortable. Some parts of most modern buildings-theatres and offices as well as classrooms-are more than amply heated by people and lights and sometime

14、s must be air-condition even in winter. The technique of saving heat and redistributing it is called “heat recovery”. A few modern building recover heat but the Universitys system is the first to recover heat from some buildings and re-use it in others.Along the way, Pitt has learned a great deal ab

15、out some of its heat producers. The harder a student studies, the more heat his body gives off. Male students emit more heat than female students, and the larger a student, the more heat he produces. It is tempting to conclude that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be a hard-workin

16、g, overweight male genius.1.Until recently, body heat has caused problems because it（ ）2.Which of the following is true of the heating system of the Johnstown campus?3.At Johnstown campus, how many of the buildings are heated entirely by the heat collection system?4.In line 6, “conventional” most ne

17、arly means （ ）.5.According to the passage, which of the following would produce the LEAST amount of heat?问题1选项A.was difficult to collectB.came in a variety of formsC.was difficult to get rid ofD.tended to be absorbed by physical objects问题2选项A.The heat is supplied by human bodies onlyB.The best is su

18、pplied by both human bodies and other heat-emitting objectsC.The heat is supplied by both human bodies and conventional fuel.D.The heat is supplied by human bodies, other heat-emitting objects, and conventional fuel问题3选项A.noneB.twoC.fourD.six问题4选项A.ordinaryB.powerfulC.electricalD.extra问题5选项A.A fat f

19、emale who studies hardB.a fat male who does not studyC.A thin female who does not studyD.A thin male who studies hard【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.文章第一段第二句 The usual problem is how to dispose of it提到关于热量的问题是如何处理它，选项C符合题意。2.文章第一段They have designed a collection system which utilizes not only body

20、 heat, but the heat given off by such objects as light bulbs and refrigerators as well提到热量主要来源于人体热量，和像电灯泡、冰箱这类物体，选项B符合题意。3.文章第一段the system works so well that no conventional fuel is needed to make the campuss six buildings comfortable 提到学校的六栋建筑物，选项D符合题意。4.题干中conventional的意思是“常见的”；所以选项A符合题意。5.文章最后一句话

21、It is tempting to conclude that the hottest prospect for the Johunstown campus would be a hard-working, overweight male genius 提到根据推测可得知一个超重的、勤奋的男性产生的热量是最多的。因此可以推测一个瘦小的、不勤奋的女性产生的热量是最少的。选项C符合题意。9. 单选题Trees are a renewable resource that when managed properly can（ ）our needsindefinitely.问题1选项A.sustainB

22、.retainC.maintainD.obtain【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。sustain “维持”；retain “保持”；maintain “维持，维修”；obtain “获得”。句意：树木是可再生资源，如果管理得当，它们无限期地满足我们的需求。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题There are several landladies approved by the university who take in （ ）.问题1选项A.settlersB.lodgersC.residentsD.inhabitants【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Settler “移居者”；lod

23、ger “房客”；resident “居民”；inhabitant “居民”。句意：大学批准了几位女房东接受房客。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题Many novels that attempt to mirror the world are really（ ） of the reality that theyrepresent.问题1选项A.reflectionsB.demonstrationsC.illuminationsD.reproductions【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。reflection “反映”；demonstration “示范”；illumination “照明”；

24、reproduction “繁殖”。句意：许多试图向世界反映现实的小说，都反映了他们所代表的现实。选项A符合题意。12. 单选题It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this

25、 matter. You either have science or you dont, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignoran

26、t about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us howlittle we know and how bewildering seems the way

27、ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories t

28、o fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality o

29、f ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that cant be answered,

30、 sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we cant think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep

31、at it long enough, and pay attention.1.According to the author, really good science （ ）.2.It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century （ ）.3.Which of the following statements is NOT true of scientists in earlier times?4.What is the authors attitude towards science?5.The au

32、thor believes that（ ）问题1选项A.would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th century EnlightenmentB.will produce results which cannot be foreseenC.will help people to make the right choice in advanceD.will bring about disturbing results问题2选项A.thought that they knew a great deal and could solve most pr

33、oblems of scienceB.were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific researchC.knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about natureD.did more harm than good in promoting mans understanding of nature问题3选项A.They invented false theories to explain things they didnt understand.B.They

34、falsely claimed to know all about nature.C.They did not believe in results from scientific observation.D.They paid little attention to the problems they didnt understand.问题4选项A.He is depressed because of the ignorance of scientists.B.He is doubtful because of the enormous difficulties confronting it

35、.C.He is confident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties confronting it.D.He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific findings.问题5选项A.man can find solutions to whatever questions concerning nature he can think upB.man cannot solve all the problems he can think up because of the

36、limits of human intellectC.sooner or later man can think up all the questions concerning nature and answer themD.questions concerning consciousness are outside the scope of scientific research【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.文章第一段if it is really good science it is impossible to predict 提到真正好的科学不可能

37、被预测，所以选项B符合题意。2.文章第二段It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment （启蒙运动）to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead提到如果我们中任何一个去告诉18世纪启蒙运动中那些最聪明的人，我们知道的很少并且前途迷茫，他们会对此表示惊讶。由此可知，这些科学家与我们的想法相反的，他们认为他们知道的很多，并且能解决很多问题，所以选项A符合题意。3.文章第二段In

38、 earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps提到在早期我们要么假装知道事物的工作原理，要么忽视问题，或者简单的编造一些故事来填补空白。选项C符合题意。4.文章最后一段提到我们迟早会解决包括人类意识在内的所有我们能想到的问题，还表示只要我们坚持、专注，就能想到答案。可以看出作者是非常有信心的。选项C符合题意。5.文章最后一段there may well be question

39、s we cant think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers 提到会有一些问题我们想不到，但是在我们的局限范围内，我们应该能够努力得到所有的答案，由此可知我们不能想到所有问题，但是可以解决能想到的问题，选项A符合题意。13. 单选题There was a knock at the do

40、or. It was the second time someone（ ） me that evening.问题1选项A.had interruptedB.would have interruptedC.to have interruptedD.to interrupt【答案】A【解析】考查过去完成时。由 that evening 可知此处表示过去的时间点完成的某种动作，应该用过去完成时，选项A符合题意。14. 单选题Im sure your suggestion will （ ）the problem.问题1选项A.contribute to solvingB.be contributed

41、to solveC.contribute to solveD.be contributed to solving【答案】A【解析】考查固定用法。contribute to 后面要接名词或者动名词，选项A符合题意。15. 单选题The governments（ ） is to make up chiefly of the money we pay in taxes.问题1选项A.tariffB.dutyC.revenueD.tax【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。tariff “关税”；duty “税收”；revenue “税收收入”；tax “税金”。句意：政府的财政收入主要来源于我们的税收

42、。选项C符合题意。16. 单选题She is a very （ ）student. Shes always talking about traveling to outer space.问题1选项A.imaginaryB.imaginativeC.imaginableD.imagining【答案】B【解析】考察形似形容词词义辨析。imaginary “虚构的，假想的”；imaginative “富于想象的，有创造力的”；imaginable “可能的，可想象的”；imagining 是 image的动名词形式。句意：她是一个富有想象力的学生。她总是谈论关于在外太空漫游的事。选项B符合题意。17

43、. 单选题Out of （ ）revenge, he did his worst to blacken her character and ruin her reputation.问题1选项A.perfectB.totalC.sheerD.integral【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Perfect “完美的”；total “全部的”；sheer “绝对的；纯粹的”；integral “完整的”。句意：纯粹是出于报复，他拼命诋毁她的人品，毁坏她的名誉。选项C符合题意。18. 单选题If a person talks about his weak points, his listener

44、 is expected to say something in theway of （ ）.问题1选项A.persuasionB.remedyC.encouragementD.compromise【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。persuasion “说服”；remedy “补救”；encouragement “鼓励”；compromise “妥协”。句意：当有人谈到自己的弱点时，听者应当对他进行鼓励。选项C符合题意。19. 单选题It is a curious paradox that we think of the physical sciences as “hard”，the so

45、cial sciences as “soft”, and the biological sciences as somewhere in between. This is interpreted to mean that our knowledge of physical system is more certain than our knowledge of biological systems, and these in turn are more certain than our knowledge of social systems. In terms of our capacity

46、of sample the relevant universes, however, and the probability that our images of these universes are at least approximately correct, one suspects that a reverse order is more reasonable.We are able to sample earths social systems with some degree of confidence that we have a reasonable sample of th

47、e total universe being investigated. Our knowledge of social systems, therefore, while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate, is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries. Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning, spending, organizing, mar

48、rying, taking part in political activities, fighting and so on, is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system derived from the social sciences, even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples of personal experience. In contrast, our image of the astronomical

49、universe, or even if earths geological history, can easily be subject to revolutionary changes as new data come in and new theories are worked out. If we define the “security” of our image of various parts of the total system as the probability of their suffering significant changes, then we would r

50、everse the order for hardness and as the most secure, the physical sciences as the least secure, and again the biological sciences as somewhere in between. Our image of the astronomical universe is the least secure of all simply because we observe such a fantastically small sample of it and its reco

51、rd-keeping is trivial records of biological systems. Records of the astronomical universe, despite the fact that we learnt things as they were long age, are limited in the extreme.Even in regard to such a close neighbor as the moon, which we have actually visited, theories about its origin and histo

52、ry are extremely different, contradictory, and hard to choose among. Our knowledge of physical evolution is incomplete and insecure.1.The word “paradox” (Line 1, Para. 1) means “ （ ）”2.According to the author, we should reverse our classification of the physical sciences as “hard” and the social sci

53、ences as “soft” because（ ）.3.The author believes that our knowledge of social systems is more secure than that of physical systems because（ ）4.The chances of the physical sciences being subject to great changes are the biggestbecause（ ） .5.We know less about the astronomical universe than we do abou

54、t any social systembecause（ ） .问题1选项A.implicationB.contradictionC.interpretationD.confusion问题2选项A.a reverse ordering will help promote the development of the physical sciences.B.our knowledge of physical systems is more reliable than that of social systems.C.our understanding of the social systems i

55、s approximately correct.D.we are better able to investigate social phenomena than physical phenomena.问题3选项A.it is not based on personal experience.B.new discoveries are less likely to occur in social sciences.C.it is based on a fairly representative quantity of data.D.the records of social systems a

56、re more reliable.问题4选项A.contradictory theories keep emerging all the time.B.new information is constantly coming in.C.the direction of their development is difficult to predict.D.our knowledge of the physical world is inaccurate.问题5选项A.theories of its origin and history are varied.B.our knowledge of

57、 it is highly insecure.C.only a very small sample of it has been observed.D.few scientists are involved in the study of astronomy【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.paradox “矛盾，悖论”。implication “含义”；contradiction “矛盾，否认”；interpretation “解释”；confusion “混淆”。选项B符合题意。2.文章第二段第一句话we are able to sample earth

58、s social systems with some degree of confidence that we have a reasonable sample of the total universe being investigated 提到我们能够在调查地球的社会体系时自信地认为我们有整个领域作为合理的样本供研究；该段倒数第二句话our image of the astronomical universe is the least secure of all simply because we observe such a fantastically small sample of i

59、t and its record-keeping is trivial records of biological systems提到我们对于天文领域的研究是最不靠谱的，因为我们观察的是一个不切实际的小样本。从这两句话可知，研究社会知识的样本比研究天文知识的样本要大并且实际，所以我们能更好地去研究社会现象，选项D符合题意。3.文章第二段第二句our knowledge of social systems, therefore, while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate, is not likely to be seriously overtur

60、ned by new discoveries 提到在社会体系中，它不太可能被新的发现严重颠覆。选项B符合题意。4.文章第二段in contrast, our image of the astronomical universe, or even if earths geological history, can easily be subject to revolutionary changes as new data come in and new theories are worked out 提到我们对于天文宇宙或者地球的地理历史的概念，当新的数据和理论进入时都很容易遭受革命性的变化，选

61、项B符合题意。5.文章第二段our image of the astronomical universe is the least secure of all simply because we observe such a fantastically small sample of it and its record-keeping is trivial records of biological systems提到我们对于天文领域的研究是最不靠谱的，因为我们观察的是一个不切实际的小样本。选项C符合题意。20. 单选题If we （ ）our relations with that country, well have to find another supplier of rawmaterials.问题1选项A.diffuseB.diminishC.terminateD.preclude【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。diffuse “扩散”；diminish “减少”；terminate “使终止，使结束”；preclude “排除，妨碍”。句意：如果我们结束与那个国家的关系，我们必须寻找其他原材料提供国。选项C符合题意。