2022年考博英语-南开大学考前模拟强化练习题32（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-南开大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题You have lived in many foreign countries so Id expect you to have some sort of （ ） people who have just arrived here.问题1选项A.love forB.concern forC.sympathy forD.empathy for【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。句意:你在很多国家居住过，所以我想你应该和刚到这里的人会有一些共鸣。只有选项D符合语境。2. 单选题As regards to the developm

2、ent of moral standards in the growing child, （ ） is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality.问题1选项A.persistenceB.regularityC.consistencyD.conformity【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。persistence持续，固执；regularity规则性，整齐；consistency一致性；conformity一致

3、，符合。句意：关于成长中的孩子道德标准的发展，一致性在父母的教学中是非常重要的。今天禁止一件事，明天又原谅它，这不是道德的基础。强调一致的性质，所以选项C更恰当3. 单选题He has little trouble （ ） the tires of his car.问题1选项A.to fixB.fixC.fixingD.with fixing【答案】C【解析】特殊用法。have trouble后接动名词, 表示“在方面有困难和麻烦”。选项C正确。4. 单选题An important property of scientific theory is its ability to （ ） furt

4、her research and further thinking about a particular topic.问题1选项A.stimulateB.renovateC.arouseD.advocate【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。stimulate刺激，鼓舞；renovate革新，修复；arouse引起，唤醒；advocate主张，拥护。句意：科学理论的一个重要特性是它能够激发对特定主题的进一步研究和思考。选项A符合句意。5. 单选题A good teacher must know how to （ ） his ideas to the students, as generally a

5、greed by educational experts.问题1选项A.displayB.transmitC.conveyD.illuminate【答案】C【解析】动词词性及搭配。句意：一个好老师必须知道如何把他的想法传达给学生。传达思想，想法等用convey，选项C正确。6. 单选题Although Venus is the nearest planet of the Earth, little is known about it because it is （ ） covered by thick clouds.问题1选项A.closelyB.curiouslyC.regularlyD.c

6、onstantly【答案】D【解析】副词词义辨析。closely紧密地，严密地；curiously好奇地；regularly 有规律地；constantly不断地，时常地。句意：尽管金星是离地球最近的行星，但由于它时常被厚厚的云层所覆盖，人们对它知之甚少。选项D符合句意。7. 写作题Why do you think some people are attracted to dangerous sports or other dangerous activities? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Your c

7、omposition should be no less than 200 words.【答案】Why People Are Attracted to Dangerous Sports?8. 单选题They advised their clients to （ ） with another company.问题1选项A.mergeB.engageC.emergeD.submerge【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。merge with合并，与.联合；engage with交战，与.接洽；emerge浮现，暴露；submerge淹没。句意：他们建议客户与另一家公司合作。选项A符合句意。9. 单选题

8、In that country, a person who marries before legal age must have a parents （ ） to obtain a license.问题1选项A.warrantB.sanctionC.malignanceD.affirmation【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。warrant“证明, 正当理由”;sanction“认可, 支持;malignance“恶意, 恶性”;affirmation“主张, 肯定, 断言”。句意:在那个国家, 一个人在法定年龄前结婚的话必须得到父母的认可才能领证。选项B符合句意。10. 单选题Jack ca

9、me to the party with a young woman, whom I （ ） to be his girl friend.问题1选项A.pretendedB.supposedC.resumedD.granted【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。pretended“假装”;supposed“猜想”;resumed“继续, 重新开始”;granted“同意, 授予”。句意:Jack和一个年轻女子一起来参加聚会, 我猜想应该是他的女朋友。选项B符合句意。11. 单选题It will take us twenty minutes to get to the railway station

10、, （ ） traffic delays.问题1选项A.affordingB.accounting forC.allowing forD.acknowledging【答案】C【解析】词组辨析。afford“给予，提供，买得起”;account for“对.负有责任，对.作出解释”，allow for“考虑到，顾及”;acknowledge“承认，答谢”。句意:考虑到交通拥堵，我们到火车站还要20分钟。选项C符合句意。12. 单选题To plagiarize is simply “to use without （ ） credit the ideas, expressions, or produ

11、ctions of (another),” and this is remarkably easy to do unintentionally.问题1选项A.dueB.necessaryC.importantD.vital【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。句意:剽窃很简单，就是“未经允许或授权就使用(他人的)创意，表达或作品”，而这很容易在无意中发生。due “应付的, 应得的”, due credit为常用搭配，表示“应得的荣誉, 应得的信任”, without due credit在这里引申为“未经允许或授权”。选项A正确。13. 单选题After four years in the sa

12、me job his enthusiasms finally （ ） .问题1选项A.dispersedB.deterioratedC.dissipatedD.drained【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：干了四年同样的工作后,他的热情终于消耗殆尽了。dispersed分散的；deteriorated恶化,变质；dissipated消散,浪费；drained流干,耗尽。dissipate相当于waste，drain相当于use too much，所以选项D更恰当。14. 单选题When she entered the room, the smell of her perfume imme

13、diately （ ） the room.问题1选项A.distributedB.penetratedC.pervadedD.perished【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。distribute“分配, 散布”;penetrate“渗透, 穿透”;pervade“遍及, 弥漫”;perish“使麻木, 毁坏”。句意:当她走进房间, 她身上的香水味立刻弥漫了整个房间。选项C符合句意。15. 单选题A few decades ago, it was still possible to leave home and go somewhere else: the architecture was di

14、fferent, the landscape was different, the language, lifestyle, dress, and values were different. That was a time when we could speak of cultural diversity. But with economic globalization, diversity is fast disappearing. The goal of the global economy is that all countries should be homogenized. Whe

15、n global hotel chains advertise to tourists that all their rooms in every city of the world are identical, they dont mention that the cities are becoming identical too: cars, noise, smog, corporate high-rises, violence, fast food, McDonalds, Nikes, Levis, Barbie Dolls, American TV and film. Whats th

16、e point of leaving home?There are many causes for this dreary turn of events, but one is central: economic globalization and institutions like the World Bank and the WTO promote a specific kind of homogenizing development that frees the largest corporations in the world to invest and operate in ever

17、y market, everywhere. For these agencies and corporation, diversity is not a primary value: efficiency is. Diversity is an enemy because it requires differentiated sales appeal. What corporations love is creating the same values, the same tastes, using the same advertising, selling the same products

18、, and driving out small local competitors. Mass marketers prefer homogenized consumers. They also prefer places with low wages, cheap resources, and the least restrictive environmental and labor laws.The new rules of global trade are primarily set by the ultra-secretive World Trade Organization (WTO

19、), which now rivals the International Monetary Fund (IMF) as the most powerful, yet undemocratic body in the world. Its rules are specifically designed to serve global corporate expansion and the homogenization process. They make it nearly impossible for nation-states to prevent certain harmful form

20、s of corporate development, no matter what problems they bring. So we find that European bankers can dominate Third World economies ; Asian companies can cut down Canadian and Brazilian forests ; American corporations can dominate the whole worlds farmers and food supply ; Disney can homogenize cons

21、ciousness and McDonalds can homogenize tastes, globally. Every country loses while global corporations win.Corporate invasions into diverse cultures often occur over vigorous protests by local governments and populations that try to protect local business, culture, health, food safety, and local liv

22、elihoods. Not everyone wants to become like everyone else. ( More than one million of Indias small farmers protested against the entry of industrial agriculture, specifically Cargill Corporation and Kentucky Fried Chicken. ) Millions of others have protested against the invasion and promotion of gen

23、etically engineered foods which are destroying local livelihoods and threatening public health. But when countries try to slow down these corporate invasionsor create laws that protect local resources, or jobs, or health standards一they may find the laws challenged at the WTO as illegal restrictions

24、against foreign investment. In fact, a recently proposed addition to the WTO would make it nearly impossible for any country to prevent imports of biotech food productsdespite public concern over health aspects.Meanwhile, all places are starting to merge. In rural France, local cheese farms are suck

25、ed up by giant agribusiness. In England, small towns in the countryside have high-speed freeways and trucks jamming through them despite mass opposition. Rice paddies in Bali are turned into hotel resorts. Small farms in Japan become executive golf courses. Small businesses and retail shops everywhe

26、re, including the U. S. , are being driven under by untaxed e-commerce, which the WTO may soon codify. Nepalese villages have Sylvester Stallone on their billboards, Barbie in their stores, and Jay Leno on their TV sets.Every place is becoming everyplace else: monoculture. “Get there before its ruin

27、ed. ” Is this a familiar phrase? Is this a system you want?If globalization homogenizes cultures, its effect on Nature is just as bad. With every country pressured to open up its forests, minerals, water, and land to global corporations, the few pristine places are disappearing fast. So are the nati

28、ve people who live in them. So are the animals, plants and biotathe biodiversity of the planet. ( Brazil, for example, recently suspended its environmental laws, so that Amazon forests can be cut down faster to help the country pay off IMF debts.)Meanwhile, industrial forestry practices, like clear-

29、cutting, produce landscapes so barren that its hard to know if its the Amazon or Oregon ; landscapes of tree stumps look alike wherever they are. This is monoculture too. Biodiversity is disappearing as fast as cultural diversity.Heres the rationale for all this: By serving the needs of global busin

30、ess, everyone benefits. “A rising tide lifts all boats.” Is this true? While CEO salaries for global corporations are risingsome make $ 50 - 500 million annuallyworldwide, real wages for most people are falling. According to the U. N. , the gaps between rich and poor within countries and among count

31、ries, has grown because of the inequities of global trade. Even in the U. S. , the median wage of factory workers has fallen by 10% in the last two decades. And, England now advertises that its workers are the lowest paid in Europe. Low wages are suddenly virtuous. Apparently, the rising tide lifts

32、mainly yachts.The global economy is designed to benefit the largest corporations in the world, who are getting rapidly larger and more dominant. Already some corporations are bigger in economic terms than most nation states. Mitsubishi is the 22nd largest economy in the world. General Motors is 26th

33、. Ford is 31st. They are larger than Denmark, Thailand, Turkey, Norway, Greece, Chile, Brazil, New Zealand and dozens of others.What can we do? Dozens of good organizations are working on these issues. This year, most are focused on the World Trade Organization Ministerial Meeting in Seattle, Washin

34、gton, two weeks from now. Most groups are demanding a halt to all WTO expansion and a full public reassessment of its activities.1.From the first paragraph, we know that（ ） .2.The main purpose of the author in writing this passage is （ ） .3.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT tru

35、e about a homogenized world?4.Who should be blamed for the Brazilian forests being down?5.We can infer from the passage that vigorous protests occurred in India because （ ）.问题1选项A.the author is describing both the good and bad impacts of economic globalizationB.globalization is reducing the differen

36、ces between the rich and the poorC.the author is unhappy with the consequences of globalizationD.globalization is good for both the rich and the poor问题2选项A.to discuss whats good and whats bad in economic globalizationB.to blame the WTO and other large global corporations for their wrongdoingsC.to ju

37、stify his worries about the disappearance of cultural diversityD.to refute the rationale of globalization and show his objection to global monoculture问题3选项A.Every place will become exactly the same as every place else.B.Cultural diversity and biodiversity will not be ruined.C.Peoples value orientati

38、on is sure to be identical gradually.D.People can buy the same goods and may have the same tastes.问题4选项A.The International Monetary fund.B.The World Trade Organization.C.Large global corporations such as Mitsubishi.D.The Brazilian government.问题5选项A.the Indians didnt like the rules of the World Trade

39、 OrganizationB.global corporations promoted the sale of genetically engineered foods thereC.the international corporations have destroyed the local peoples livelihood and healthD.the Indians didnt want to follow the new rules of global trade【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.观点态度题。根据第一段的“But with ec

40、onomic globalization, diversity is fast disappearing.”作者指出随着经济全球化，多样性正在迅速消失。本段最后一句“Whats the point of leaving home?”表明了作者的态度，说明作者对全球化的结果感到不满。选项C符合原文。2.主旨大意题。文章首段提出经济全球化导致多样性的消失，第二段指出造成这种局面最核心的原因是世界银行和世贸组织等机构推动了同质化发展。在接下来的段落里详细描述了这些机构和跨国公司是如何促进同质化发展以及由此带来的影响。所以作者写此文章的目的是指责世贸组织和其他大型跨国公司的错误行为, 选项B正确。3.

41、事实细节题。根据原文第七段的第一句“If globalization homogenizes cultures, its effect on Nature is just as bad.”可知，同质化不仅破坏了文化的多样性，对生物的多样性也同样产生了糟糕的影响，所以选项B错误。4.事实细节题。根据关键词定位到原文第三段, 亚洲公司可以砍伐加拿大和巴西的森林。这是因为，国家几乎无法阻止某些有害形式的公司发展，而导致这一问题的主要原因是WTO制定了专门为全球企业扩张和同质化过程服务的全球贸易新规则。所以选项B正确。5.推断题。根据第四段的内容可知，印度小农抗议转基因食品的入侵和推广，这些食品正在破

42、坏当地的生计，威胁公共健康。所以选项B正确。选项C破坏人们生活健康的不是跨国公司而是它们推销的转基因食品，所以选项C错误。16. 单选题These small companies now have their own（ ）identity.问题1选项A.discreetB.discreteC.separatedD.isolated【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。discreet“谨慎的, 小心的”;discrete“离散的;独立的”;separated“分开的;分居的”;isolated“孤立的;单独的”。句意:这些小公司现在都有了它们自己独立的身份。选项B更符合句意。17. 单选题You

43、are not allowed to take a second job （ ） your employer gives you permission.问题1选项A.unlessB.so long asC.otherwiseD.whereas【答案】A【解析】连接词的运用。unless“除非, 如果不”;so long as“只要”;otherwise“否则, 不然”;whereas“然而, 鉴于, 反之”。句意:除非你的雇主允许, 否则你不能从事第二份工作。选项A符合句意。18. 单选题The American baby boom after the war made unconvincin

44、g U. S. advice to poor countries that they restrain their births. However, there has hardly been a year since 1957 in which birth rates have not fallen in the United States and other rich countries, and in 1976 the fall was especially sharp. Both East Germany and West Germany have fewer births than

45、they have deaths, and the United States is only temporarily able to avoid this condition because the children of the baby boom are now an exceptionally large group of married couples.It is true that Americans do not typically plan their births to set an example for developing nations. We are more af

46、fected by womens liberation: once women see interesting and well-paid jobs are careers available, they are less willing to provide free labor for child raising. From costing nothing, children suddenly come to seem impossibly expensive. And to the high cost of children are added the uncertainties, in

47、troduced by divorce; couples are increasingly unwilling to subject children to the terrible experience of marital breakdown and themselves to the difficulty of raising a child alone.These circumstanceswomen working outside the home and the instability of marriage一tend to spread with industrial socie

48、ty and they will affect more and more countries in the near future. Along with them goes social mobility, ambition to rise in the urban world, a main factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the 19th century.Food shortage will happen again when the reserves resulting from the good harvests of

49、 1998 and 1999 have been consumed. Urbanization is likely to continue, with the cities of the developing nations struggling under the weight of twice their present populations by the year 2010. The presently rich countries are approaching a stable population largely because of the changed place of w

50、omen, and they incidentally are setting an example of restraint to the rest of the world. Industrial society will spread to the poor countries, and aspiration will exceed resources. All this will lead to a population in the new century that is smaller than was feared a few years ago. For those anxio

51、us to see world population brought under control, the news is encouraging.1.What influences the birth rate most in the United States is （ ） .2.The sentence “From costing nothing, children suddenly come to seem impossibly expensive” implies that （ ） .3.A chief factor in bringing down the births in Eu

52、rope in the 19th century is （ ） .4.The population in the new century, according to the writer, （ ） .问题1选项A.highly paid jobsB.womens desire for independenceC.expenses of child raisingD.high divorce rate问题2选项A.food and clothing for babies are becoming incredibly expensiveB.prices are going up dramatic

53、ally all the timeC.to raise children women have to give up interesting and well-paid jobsD.social development has made child-raising inexpensive问题3选项A.birth controlB.the desire to seek fortune in citiesC.the instability of marriageD.the changed place of women问题4选项A.will be smaller than a few years a

54、goB.will not be as small as people expectC.will prove to be a threat to the worldD.will not continue as serious a problem as expected【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D【解析】1.信息推断题。根据第二段第二句“We are more affected by womens liberation: . provide free labor for child raising.”美国出生率受到妇女解放的影响:一旦妇女有了有趣的高薪工作，她们就不太愿意为抚养

55、孩子付出免费的劳动力了。选项B符合原文。2.信息推断题。上一句提到，一旦妇女有了有趣的高薪工作，她们就不太愿意为抚养孩子付出免费的劳动力了。由此可以推断，抚养孩子从零成本似乎变成了高成本，是因为女性为了抚养孩子而放弃高薪工作所付出了昂贵的代价，这里并不是说抚养孩子的成本高。所以选项C符合原文。3.事实细节题。根据第三段最后一句“Along with them . in Europe in the 19th century.”社会流动性，以及在城市里发展提升的抱负，是19世纪欧洲出生率下降的一个主要因素。选项B符合原文。4.事实细节题。根据最后一段的内容可知，目前富裕的国家由于妇女地位改变而人口

56、趋于稳定，为世界其他地区树立了榜样，工业社会也将蔓延到贫穷国家，所有的这些都将导致新世纪的人口比几年前的要少。潜在意思是说，新世纪的人口问题不会像预期的那样严重。选项D相对于选项A来说，更为恰当。19. 单选题Making private phone calls on the office phone is severely （ ） on in our country.问题1选项A.criticizedB.regardedC.objectedD.frowned【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：在我国，用办公室电话打私人电话会受到严厉的批评。选项A符合句意。frowned皱眉，不满。20. 单选题He soon regained his self-confidence for he found himself （ ） to others in many respects.问题1选项A.betterB.worseC.superiorD.inferior【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。句意：他很快恢复了自信，因为他发现自己在许多方面都比别人优秀。根据介词to可首先排除选项A和B，根据句意可知选项C正确。