2022年考博英语-江西财经大学考前模拟强化练习题74（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-江西财经大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. You should write your answer on the Answer Sheet.41. How can history make men wise? History often repeats itself as farce precisely what may soon play out in Washington. AS World War II was drawing to a c

2、lose. Experts from the worlds leading countries gathered at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, to create a global economic order. They established the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund and called for a new body to supervise global commerce that eventually become known as the International Tr

3、ade Organization. When it became time for the United States Congress to approve the ITO, President Harry Truman, preoccupied with a plan for the United States health-care reform, failed to lobby vigorously for the ITO. Protectionists torpedoed the proposal, and the General Agreement on Tariffs and T

4、rade, or GATT, the loose trade organization that has governed world commerce since then, was cobbled together as an interim replacement. Now it is for the Clinton Administration to approve the WTO. Should history repeat itself that could all come to naught. The supreme purpose of history is a better

5、 world.【答案】历史怎么能使人明智呢？历史常常以闹剧的形式重演而华盛顿可能很快就会上演这样的一幕。当第二次世界大战接近尾声时。来自世界主要国家的专家齐聚新罕布什尔州的布雷顿森林，以建立一个全球经济秩序。他们建立了世界银行和国际货币基金组织，并呼吁成立一个新的机构来监督全球贸易，这个机构最终被称为国际贸易组织。当美国国会批准国际贸易组织的时候，哈里杜鲁门总统全神贯注于美国的医疗改革计划，未能积极游说国际贸易组织。贸易保护主义者破坏了这一提议，关税及贸易总协定（简称GATT）自那以后管理世界贸易的松散贸易组织被拼凑起来作为临时替代品。现在是克林顿政府批准世界贸易组织（简称WTO）的时候了。如

6、果历史重演，一切都将化为乌有。历史的最大的使命是使世界更加美好。2. 单选题Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Abraham Lincoln turns 200 this year, and hes beginning to show his age. When his birthday arrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the Capitols National Statuary Hall, a wreath w

7、ill be laid at the great memorial in Washington, and a webcast will link school classrooms for a “teach- in” honoring his memory.Admirable as they are, though, the events will strike many of us Lincoln fans as inadequate, even halfhearted andanother sign that our appreciation for the 16th president

8、and his towering achievements is slipping away. And you dont have to be a Lincoln enthusiast to believe that this is something we cant afford to lose.Compare this years celebration with the Lincoln centennial in 1909. That year, Lincolns likeness made its debut on the penny, thanks to approval from

9、the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Communities and civic associations in every comer of the county erupted in parades, concerts, balls, lectures and military displays. We still feel the effects today: The momentum unloosed in 1909 led to the Lincoln Memorial, opened in 1922, and the Lincoln Highway,

10、 the first paved transcontinental thoroughfare.The celebrants in 1909 had a few inspirations we lack today. Lincolns presidency was still a living memory for countless Americans. In 2009 we are farther in time from the end of the Second World War than they were from the Civil War; families still fel

11、t the loss of loved ones from that awful national trauma.But Americans in 1909 had something more: an unembarrassed appreciation for heroes and an acute sense of the way that even long-dead historical figures press in on the present and make us who we are.One story will illustrate what Im talking ab

12、out.In 2003 a group of local citizens arranged to place a statue of Lincoln in Richmond, Virginia, former capital of the Confederacy. The idea touched off a firestorm of controversy. The Sons of Confederate Veterans held a public conference of carefully selected scholars to “reassess” the legacy of

13、Lincoln. The verdictno surprisewas negative: Lincoln was labeled everything from a racist totalitarian to a teller of dirty jokes.I covered the conference as a reporter, but what really unnerved me was a counter-conference of scholars to refute the earlier one. These scholars drew a picture of Linco

14、ln that only our touchy-feely age could conjure up. The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history was describedby his admirers, rememberas “nonjudgmental,” “unmoralistic,” “comfortable with ambiguity.”I felt the way a friend of mine felt as we later watched the unveiling of the Richmond sta

15、tue in a subdued ceremony: “But hes so small!”The statue in Richmond was indeed small; like nearly every Lincoln statue put up in the past half century, it was life-size and was placed at ground level, a conscious rejection of the heroicapproachable and human, yes, but not something to look up to.Th

16、e Richmond episode taught me that Americans have lost the language to explain Lincolns greatness even to ourselves. Earlier generations said they wanted their children to be like Lincoln: principled, kind, compassionate, resolute. Today we want Lincoln to be like us.This helps to explain the long st

17、ring of recent books in which writers have presented a Lincoln made after their own image. Weve had Lincoln as humorist and Lincoln as manic-depressive, Lincoln the business sage, the conservative Lincoln and the liberal Lincoln, the emancipator and the racist, the stoic philosopher, the Christian,

18、the atheistLincoln over easy and Lincoln scrambled.Whats often missing, though, is the timeless Lincoln, the Lincoln whom all generations, our own no less than that of 1909, can lay claim to. Lucky for us, those memorializers from a century agoand, through them, Lincoln himselfhave left us the hint

19、of where to find him. The Lincoln Memorial is the most visited of our presidential monuments. Here is where we find the Lincoln who endures: in the words he left us, defining the country weve inherited. Here is the Lincoln who can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 years after his birth, retains the

20、power to renew us.26. The author thinks that this years celebration, is inadequate and even halfhearted because（ ）.27. According the passage what really makes the 1909 celebrations different form this years?28. In the authors opinion, the counter-conference（ ）.29. According to the author, the image

21、of Lincoln conceived by contemporary people（ ）.30. Which of the following best explains the implication of the last paragraph?问题1选项A.no similar appreciation of Lincoln will be seenB.no activities can be compared to those in 1909C.no Lincoln statue will be unveiledD.no memorial coins will be issued问题

22、2选项A.Structures constructed in memory of Lincoln.B.Variety and magnitude of celebration activities.C.Respect for great people and their influence.D.Temporal proximity to Lincolns presidency.问题3选项A.rectified the judgment by those carefully selected scholarsB.resulted in similar disparaging remarks on

23、 LincolnC.came up with somewhat favorable conclusionsD.offered a brand new reassessment perspective问题4选项A.reveals the variety of current opinions on heroesB.shows the present-day desire to emulate LincolnC.reflects the present-day tendency of worshipD.conforms to traditional images问题5选项A.The memoria

24、l is symbolic of the great mans achievements.B.Lincolns greatness remains despite the passage of time.C.Each generation has its own interpretation of Lincoln.D.People get to know Lincoln through memorializers.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】26、【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干关键词“inadequate and even halfheart

25、ed”定位到本文第二段，可知本段是指今年的庆祝是不够的，甚至有点三心二意。再根据第三段主要讲述为什么今年的庆祝是不够的，由第三段第一句话“Compare this years celebration with the Lincoln centennial in 1909”（将今年的庆祝活动与1909年的林肯诞生100周年进行比较），然后本段主要介绍了1909年的庆祝活动的盛大，所以可知今年的庆祝不够是因为与1909年相比，是远远不够的，因此B选项符合题意；A选项没有原文依据；C、D选项都是今年庆祝活动没有，而1909年有的具体表现，所以排除。因此B选项正确。27、【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断

26、推理题。由26题也可知今年与1909年的庆祝活动不同的是庆祝的种类与规模，即本文的第三段介绍了有哪些不同，因此B选项符合题意。A选项“为纪念林肯而建造的建筑物”是属于庆祝的规模与范畴的；C选项说法错误，即使是今天，人们也无法用语言描述出林肯的伟大；D选项没有原文依据。因此B选项正确。28、【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干关键词“counter-conference”定位到第八段最后一句“The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history was describedby his admirers, rememberas non

27、judgmental, unmoralistic, comfortable with ambiguity”（这位目睹了我们历史上最野蛮的战争的人，被他的崇拜者描述为请记住“不偏不倚”“不讲道德”“喜欢模棱两可”）可知反会议上学者为林肯做的画像，传递出关于林肯负面的内容，即导致了对林肯类似的贬低的言论，所以B选项与其相对应。A、C、D选项均说法错误，与B选项意义相反，所以排除。因此B选项正确。29、【试题答案】A【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干关键词“image of Lincoln”可定位到倒数第二段的第一句话“This helps to explain the long string of r

28、ecent books in which writers have presented a Lincoln made after their own image”，后面是一些作家对林肯的形象的制造，总之是很混乱的，包括幽默家、解放者等，所以林肯的形象揭示了当前对英雄的各种不同看法，因此A选项说法正确。B、C、D选项没有原文依据。30、【试题答案】B【试题解析】总结归纳题。由题干定位到本文的最后一段。由最后一段最后一句话“Here is the Lincoln who can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 years after his birth, ret

29、ains the power to renew us”（这就是林肯，他可以不断地被更新，在他出生200年后，他仍然保留着更新我们的权力）可知人们对林肯的形象有不同的解释与更新，但是尽管时间流逝，林肯的伟大仍然存在，最后一段主要强调林肯的伟大不会消失且一直在影响着人们。最后一段没有提到纪念碑的内容，A选项排除；C选项体现在倒数第二段，题干问的是最后一段；D选项没有原文依据，所以排除。因此B选项正确。3. 单选题We must take part in physical labor in order to（ ）ourselves more closely with the working peop

30、le.问题1选项A.combineB.incorporateC.involveD.identify【答案】D【解析】identify oneself with表示“与密切联系”“到中去”的意思；incorporate with意为“与合作（结合）”；combine with意为“与联合”；involve oneself in意为“参与”“卷入”，不与with 搭配。本句意为：我们必须参加体力劳动，目的是更好地与群众打成一片。“与打成一片”还可以用 integrate oneself with。4. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage i

31、nto Chinese. You should write your answer on the Answer Sheet.41. The crucial point is this: labor, land and money are essential elements of industry; they also must be organized in market; in fact, these markets form an absolutely vital part of the economic-system. But labor, land and money are obv

32、iously not commodities. Labor is only another name for a human activity which goes with life itself, which in its turn is not produced for sale but for entirely different seasons, nor can that activity be detached from the rest of life, be stored or mobilized; land is only another name for nature, w

33、hich is not produced by man; actual money, finally, is merely a token of purchasing power which, as a rule, is not produced at all, but comes into being through the mechanism of banking or state finance. None of them is produced for sale. The commodity description of labor, land and money is entirel

34、y fictitious.【答案】关键在于：劳动力、土地和金钱是工业的基本要素；在市场上，它们还必须以组织有序的形式呈现；事实上，这些市场构成了经济体系中绝对重要的一部分。然而劳动力、土地和金钱显然不是商品。劳动只不过是一种与生命相伴的人类活动的别名。这种人类活动不是为了出售而产生的，而是顺应不同季节而出现的。并且这种活动也不能与生命体的其他活动分离开来，无法被储存和调用。土地只是自然的另一个名称，它不是由人类产生的；实际的货币仅仅是购买力的一种表征，一般来说，这种购买力根本无法被生产，而是通过银行或国家财政机制形成的。它们都不是为销售而存在的。对劳动、土地和金钱的商品性描述完全是虚构的。5.

35、 单选题Passage OneIt is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern lite, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one i

36、n the drivers seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be Kind to Other Drivers” campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of

37、 hand.Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring

38、. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays dont even seem able to recognize

39、politeness when they see it.However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child

40、 across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.A veteran driver

41、 whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists cant even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of boatmansh

42、ip. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.21. According to this passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused by （ ）.22. The sentence “You might tole

43、rate the odd road-hog. the rule.” (Paragraph 1) implies that（ ）.23. By “good sense” (Paragraph 2), the writer means（ ）.24. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion,（ ）.25. In the writers opinion,（ ）.问题1选项A.peoples attitude towards the road-hogB.the rhythm of modern l

44、ifeC.the behavior of the driverD.traffic conditions问题2选项A.our society is unjust towards well-mannered motoristsB.rude drivers can be met only occasionallyC.the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hogD.nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists问题3选项A.the drivers abilit

45、y to understand and react reasonablyB.the drivers prompt response to difficult and severe conditionsC.the drivers tolerance of rude or even savage behaviorD.the drivers acknowledgement of politeness and regulations问题4选项A.road users should make more sacrificeB.drivers should be ready to yield to each

46、 otherC.drivers should have more communication among themselvesD.drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others问题5选项A.strict traffic regulations are badly neededB.drivers should apply road politeness properlyC.rude drivers should be punishedD.drivers should avoid traffic jams【答案】第1题

47、:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】21.【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。根据文章第一句It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern lite, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible（我们可以责怪交通堵塞、汽油成本和现代生活的快节奏，但道路上的礼仪正变得可怕）可以推断出，C选项“司机的行为”符合题意。22.【试题答案】D【试题解析】判断推理题。根据划线部分“你可能会容忍那些古怪的横冲

48、直撞、粗鲁无礼的司机，但如今那些有礼貌的司机却是例外”可以推断出，有礼貌的司机不多见，因此D选项“现在不礼貌的司机占大多数”正确。23.【试题答案】A【试题解析】判断推理题。根据第二段第二句It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior（当遇到不文明行为时，只有头脑最冷静、脾气最好的司机才能抵制报复的诱惑）可以推断出，司机的good sense是指他们能理智地看待别人的行为并做

49、出适当的反应，因此A选项“司机的理解能力和合理反应的能力”正确。24.【试题答案】B【试题解析】事实细节题。根据文章倒数第二句Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users.（多年前，专家警告我们，汽车保有量的激增将要求所有道路使用者更多的互让）可知，B选项“司机们应该做好互相让道的准备”正确。25.【试题答案】B【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第二段第一句Road politeness is not

50、only good manners, but good sense too（马路礼貌不仅是一种礼貌，也是一种良好的意识）和第三段第一句However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous（然而，错误的礼貌也可能是危险的）可知，作者认为司机应文明驾驶，但又要恰当地礼让，因此B选项“司机应该适当地使用道路礼貌”正确。6. 单选题Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.Texting has long been bemoaned (哀叹) as the downfall of the

51、 written word, “penmanship for illiterates,” as one critic called it. To which the proper response is LOL. Texting properly isnt writing at all. Its a “spoken” language that is getting richer and more complex by the year.First, some historical perspective. Writing was only invented 5,500 years ago,

52、whereas language probably traces back at least 80,000 years. Thus talking came first; wring is just a craft that came along later. As such, the first writing was based on the way people talk, with short sentences. However, while talking is largely subconscious and rapid, writing is deliberate and sl

53、ow. Over time, writers took advantage of this and started crafting long-winded sentences such as this one: “The whole engagement lasted above 12 hours, till the gradual retreat of the Persians was changed into a disorderly flight, of which the shameful example was given by the principal leaders and”

54、No one talks like that casuallyor should. But it is natural to desire to do so for special occasions. In the old days, we didnt much write like talking because there was no mechanism to reproduce the speed of conversation. But texting and instant messaging doand a revolution has begun. It involves t

55、he crude mechanics of writing, but in its economy, spontaneity and even vulgarity, texting is actually a new kind of talking, with its own kind of grammar and conventions.Take LOL. It doesnt actually mean “laughing out loud” in a literal sense anymore. LOL has evolved into something much subtler and

56、 sophisticated and is used even when nothing is remotely amusing. Joeelyn texts “Where have you been?” and Annabelle texts back “LOL at the library studying for two hours.” LOL signal basic empathy (同感) between texters, easing tension and creating a sense of equality. Instead of having a literal mea

57、ning, it does somethingconveying an attitudejust like the -ed ending conveys past tense rather than “meaning” anything. LOL, of all things, is grammar.Of course no one thinks about that consciously. But then most of communication operates without being noticed. Over time, the meaning of a word or an

58、 expression driftsmeat used to mean any kind of food, silly used to mean, believe it or not, blessed.Civilization, then, is finepeople banging away on their smartphones are fluently using a code separate from the one they use in actual writing, and there is no evidence that texting is ruining compos

59、ition skills. Worldwide people speak differently from the way they write, and textingquick, casual and only intended to be read onceis actually a way of talking with your fingers.16. What do critics say about texting?17. In what way does the author say writing is different from talking?18. Why is LO

60、L much used in texting?19. Examples like meat and silly are cited to show（ ）.20. What does the author think of texting?问题1选项A.It is mainly confined to youngsters.B.It competes with traditional writing.C.It will ruin the written language.D.It is often hard to understand.问题2选项A.It is crafted with spec

61、ific skills.B.It expresses ideas more accurately.C.It does not have as long a history.D.It is not as easy to comprehend.问题3选项A.It brings texters closer to each other.B.It shows the texters sophistication.C.It is a trendy way to communicate.D.It adds to the humor of the text.问题4选项A.the difference bet

62、ween writing and talkingB.how differently words are used in textingC.why people use the words the way they doD.the gradual change of word meaning问题5选项A.It facilitates exchange of ideas among people.B.It is a new form of verbal communication.C.It deteriorates peoples composition skills.D.It hastens t

63、he decline of the written word.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】16、【试题答案】 C【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“critics”定位到文章的第一段第一句话“Texting has long been bemoaned as the downfall of the written word, “penmanship for illiterates,” as one critic called it”（长久以来，短信一直被认为是书面文字的衰落，一位评论家称它为“文盲的书法”）。选项C“它会破坏了书面语言”对应这句话中

64、的the downfall of the written word。A、B、D与评论家的说法无关，所以排除。因此C选项正确。17、【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“writing is different from talking”可定位到第二段第五句话“However, while talking is largely subconscious and rapid, writing is deliberate and slow”（然而，说话很大程度上是潜意识的、快速的，而写作则是深思熟虑的、缓慢的）可知deliberate这个词来看，与B选项表达中的accurately最接近，所以最佳选项为B选项。A、D选项在文中没有相关表述；C选项关于写作的历史第二段开头可知，写作是位于谈