2022年考博英语-西南林业大学考前模拟强化练习题23（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-西南林业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The French word renaissance means rebirth. It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, then adopted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians, all of whom applied it to European cultur

2、e during the 150 years spanning 1450-1600. The concept of rebirth was appropriate to this period of European history because of the renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture that began in Italy and then spread throughout Europe. Scholars and artists of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries

3、 wanted to restore the learning and ideals of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome. To these scholars this meant a return to human as opposed to spiritual-values. Fulfillment in lifeas opposed to concern about an afterlifebecame a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human em

4、otions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned on.Artists and writers now turned to secular as well as religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing. These changes in outlook deeply affected the musical culture of the Renaissance periodh

5、ow people thought about music as well as the way music was composed, experienced, discussed, and disseminateD.They could see the architectural monuments, sculptures, plays, and poems that were being rediscovered, but they could not actually hear ancient musicalthough they could read the writings of

6、classical philosophers, poets, essayists, and music theorists that were becoming available in translation. They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. For example, the influential religious leader Bernardino Cirillo e

7、xpressed disappointment with the learned music of his time. He urged musicians to follow the example of the sculptors, painters, architects, and scholars who had rediscovered ancient art and literature.The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a sp

8、ecific set of musical techniques. Furthermore, music changed so rapidly during this century and a half-though at different rates in different countriesthat we cannot define a single Renaissance style.1. What is the passage mainly about?2. What does the author mean by using the word eventually in Par

9、a.1?3. It can be inferred from the passage that thinkers of the Renaissance were seeking a rebirth of _.4. According to the passage, Renaissance artists and writers had all of the following intentions EXCEPT _.5. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a reason for the absence of a sin

10、gle Renaissance musical style?问题1选项A.The musical compositions that best illustrate the developments during the European RenaissanceB.The musical techniques that were in use during the European RenaissanceC.The European Renaissance as a cultural development that included changes in musical styleD.The

11、 ancient Greek and Roman musical practices used during the European Renaissance问题2选项A.That music historians used the term “Renaissance” after the other historians didB.That most music historians used the term “Renaissance”C.The term “Renaissance” became widely used by art historians but not by music

12、 historiansD.That music historians used the term “Renaissance” very differently than it had been used by Jules Michelet问题3选项A.communication among artists across EuropeB.spirituality in everyday lifeC.a cultural emphasis on human valuesD.religious themes in art that would accompany the traditional se

13、cular themes问题4选项A.to use religious themesB.to portray only the pleasant parts of human experienceC.to produce art that people would find attractiveD.to create works that were easily understood问题5选项A.The musical Renaissance was defined by technique rather than styleB.The musical Renaissance was too

14、short to give rise to a new musical styleC.Renaissance musicians adopted the styles of both Greek and Roman musiciansD.During the Renaissance, music never remained the same for very long【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据题干，通读全文，以及定位到文章尾段第一句 “The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a gene

15、ral cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques.”，中文翻译为：欧洲音乐复兴与其说是一套特定的音乐技巧，不如说是一场普遍的文化运动和一种精神状态。可以判断C选项“欧洲文艺复兴是一种包括音乐风格变化在内的文化发展。”正确。2.推理判断题。由题干关键字 “eventually”可以定位到原文第一段 “It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, then adop

16、ted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians, all of whom applied it to European culture during the 150 years spanning 1450-1600.”，中文翻译为：1855年，历史学家朱尔斯米歇莱(Jules Michelet)在他的法国历史中首次使用了这个词，随后被文化历史学家、艺术历史学家和音乐历史学家采用，所有这些历史学家都在1450-1600年的150年间将其应用于欧洲文化。关键词 “eventual

17、ly”意为“最后；终于”因此可知A选项：音乐历史学家在其他历史学家之后才使用“文艺复兴”这个词正确。3.细节事实题。由题干关键词“that thinkers of the Renaissance” 可定位到原文第一段“To these scholars this meant a return to human as opposed to spiritual-values.”，中文翻译为：对这些学者来说，这意味着回归人类，而不是灵魂价值。判断C选项“对人类价值的文化强调”正确。4.细节事实题。A选项“使用宗教主题”，C选项“创作出人们会觉得有吸引力的艺术作品”以及D选项“创作容易理解的作品”可定

18、位到原文第二段“Artists and writers now turned to secular as well as religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing. ”，中文翻译为：艺术家和作家现在转向世俗和宗教题材，力求使他们的作品易于理解和吸引人。可知B选项“只描绘人类经历中令人愉快的部分”未提及，符合题意。5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文尾段 “Furthermore, music changed so rapidly during this century

19、 and a half-though at different rates in different countriesthat we cannot define a single Renaissance style.”，中文翻译为：此外，音乐在这一个半世纪里变化如此之快，尽管在不同的国家以不同的速度变化我们不能定义一个单一的文艺复兴风格。判断出D选项“在文艺复兴时期，音乐从未长时间保持不变。”正确。2. 单选题Food subsidies are necessary for keeping down the price of dairy products and bread.问题1选项A.c

20、ontrolsB.aidsC.accumulationsD.transformations【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项controls“控制；控制装置”；B选项 aids“艾滋病”；C选项 accumulations“积聚，累积；堆积物”；D选项 transformations“转变”。句意：食品补贴对于压低乳制品和面包的价格是必要的。结合此处关键短语keeping down the price（压低价格），得知A选项正确。3. 单选题Failure in a required subject may result in the _ of a diploma.问题1选项A.ref

21、usalB.betrayalC.denialD.burial【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 refusal “拒绝；优先取舍权；推却；取舍权”；B选项 betrayal “背叛；辜负；暴露；违约”；C选项 denial “否认；拒绝；拒绝给予；节制；背弃”；D选项 burial“埋葬；葬礼；弃绝”。句意：如果某门必修科目不及格，可能会被吊销学位证书。结合此处语境，C为正确答案。4. 单选题Whoever said that victory has many fathers and defeat is an orphan, surely had never heard of the

22、World Trade Organization (WTO). In the case of the hapless multilateral trade body and its long suffering representatives, the total failure of the opening meeting of the so-called Millennium trade round has lots of people boasting of their roles in the violent physical struggle. Well. Thats just br

23、illiant. They are proud of being part of a movement that wants to wreck the most important engine of economic growth, prosperity and overall global rising living standards we have the freedom of trade and movement of people and goods between nations.The 135-members WTO is composed of sovereign of so

24、vereign governments wishing to further this goal and ease the settlement of international trade disputes. From the sounds emanating from Seattle, though, it would now seem the WTO has now replaced the Trilateral Commission and the Freemasons as candidate No. 1 to take over the world.Everybody has hi

25、s favorite Seattle story. The citys police chief will have plenty of time to think about his, having now resigned in disgrace over the loss of control of downtown Seattle. The Seattle business community may be more inclined to brood over theirs; the poor fools invested9 million to attract the meetin

26、g to their fine city. What stands out more? I would nominate the union of steel workers who were marching in protest. Its an image that will boggle the mind for years to come.The debate now is over just how effective this anti-globalist coalition will turn out to be. In the heat of the moment, it al

27、ways looks as though the world as we know it is coming to an enD.But the overwhelming likelihood is that we have not actually seen a relay of the anti-Vietnam War movement, which had much clearer focus, obviously, though its consequences were far-reaching. How long, after all, can you protest agains

28、t cheap imports when those same imports are all over you house?No, the real reason for the disaster in Seattle is political, and reports coming out of the meeting point to President Clinton as a major culprit. Which may be both good and baD.Taking the long view, other trade rounds have had difficult

29、 beginnings, too. It took years to get the Uruguay Round under way, which finally happened in 1986. Thankfully, we will soon be electing another president, and it should be someone whose actions match his rhetoric.Still, it is a disgrace that the worlds greatest trading nation, i. e. the United Stat

30、es, is currently led by a man whose motivations are so narrowly political and egocentric that he has now wrecked any chance of entering the history books as a champion of free trade.1. According to the passage, the failure of the Seattle meeting is chiefly caused by_ .2. We can learn from the beginn

31、ing of the passage that_ .3. One of the WTOs goals as mentioned in the passage is to_ .4. By saying that “Its an image that will boggle the mind for years to come.” (the last sentence in Paragraph 3) the author means that_.5. The author is obviously critical of President Clinton for_ .问题1选项A.anti-gl

32、obalist and pro-globalist conflictsB.President Clintons wrong initiativesC.the strong protests from diverse groupsD.the polices failure to maintain order问题2选项A.different forces contributed to the failure of the Millennium trade roundB.many people bragged of their presence at the Millennium trade rou

33、ndC.there existed a range of violent debated as to the prospects of the WTOD.only a few members were proud of their membership of the WTO问题3选项A.serve as arbiters in international trade disputesB.ensure cheap export and import of goods unnecessarilyC.bring about the globalization of worlds tradesD.en

34、courage free trade and goods exchanges worldwide问题4选项A.the WTO is likely to have a negative image in peoples mind in the futureB.the WTO will have trouble changing peoples way of thinking in the futureC.the startling scene will probably linger in peoples mind the years to comeD.people will lose what

35、ever confidence they hold in the future of the WTO问题5选项A.his failing to match his words with his actionsB.his handling the matter in a wrong perspectiveC.his lacking historical knowledge about the WTOD.his overemphasizing the economic role of the WTO【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词“Se

36、attle meeting”可以定位到文章第五段中“No, the real reason for the disaster in Seattle is political, and reports coming out of the meeting point to President Clinton as a major culprit.” 中文翻译为：不，西雅图灾难的真正原因是政治，会议的报告指出，总统克林顿是主要的罪魁祸首。可以得知B选项“克林顿总统的错误举措”正确。2.主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段，中文翻译为：谁说胜利有许多父亲，失败是一个孤儿，肯定没有听说过世界贸易组织(

37、WTO)。以不幸的多边贸易组织及其长期受苦受难的代表们为例，所谓的千年贸易回合(Millennium trade round)开幕式的彻底失败，让很多人吹嘘自己在这场激烈的斗争中扮演的角色。好，这就是灿烂的。他们为自己是一场运动的一部分而感到自豪，这场运动希望摧毁我们所拥有的经济增长、繁荣和全球整体生活水平不断提高的最重要引擎贸易自由以及国与国之间人员和货物流动。A选项“不同的力量促成了千年贸易谈判的失败”符合题意。B选项“许多人吹嘘他们出席了千年贸易谈判” 不符合题意，故排除。C选项“关于世贸组织的前景存在着一系列激烈的争论”不符合题意，故排除。D选项 “只有几个成员国为他们是世贸组织的成员

38、而感到自豪”不符合题意，文中很多人吹嘘自己在这场激烈的斗争中扮演的角色，故排除。3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段“They are proud of being part of a movement that wants to wreck the most important engine of economic growth, prosperity and overall global rising living standards we have the freedom of trade and movement of people and goods between natio

39、ns.” 中文翻译为：他们为自己是一场运动的一部分而感到自豪，这场运动希望摧毁我们所拥有的经济增长、繁荣和全球整体生活水平不断提高的最重要引擎贸易自由以及国与国之间人员和货物流动。 D选项“鼓励世界范围内的自由贸易和商品交流”符合题意，故选D。A选项“在国际贸易争端中担任仲裁者”不符合题意，故排除。B选项“确保不必要的廉价进出口”不符合题意，故排除。C选项 “带来世界贸易的全球化”不符合题意，故排除。4.作者意图题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句 “Its an image that will boggle the mind for years to come. ”中文翻译：这是一个在未来

40、几年里会让人难以置信的画面。A选项“WTO在未来很可能在人们的脑海中有一个负面的形象”与题干句子意思相符，因此A选项正确。5.细节事实题。通读题干定位到文章第五段最后一句“Thankfully, we will soon be electing another president, and it should be someone whose actions match his rhetoric.”中文大意：值得庆幸的是，我们很快将选出另一位总统，而这位总统应该是言行一致的人。根据前文“No, the real reason for the disaster in Seattle is pol

41、itical, and reports coming out of the meeting point to President Clinton as a major culprit.”中文大意：不，西雅图灾难的真正原因是政治，会议的报告指出，总统克林顿是主要的罪魁祸首。前文批判克林顿为 “罪魁祸首”，后文笔者说值得庆幸的是将选出另外一位言行一致的总统。A选项“他言行不一致”最符合题意，因此选A。5. 写作题We are paying more attention to the vulnerable (weak) groups of people in our society, such as

42、 the disabled, the sick elderly, the divorced mothers, and children with rural-worker parents in big cities, and etC.What is your attitude towards them? Please give your opinion. You may focus on a particular group or the vulnerable as a whole group. Write a passage about 200 words. You must show yo

43、ur clear point of view with sufficient supporting points. You should have your own title.【答案】略6. 单选题It was already known that at least some genetic abnormalities are caused by the absence of specific proteins.问题1选项A.irregularitiesB.similaritiesC.activitiesD.qualities【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 irregularit

44、y “不规则；无规律；不整齐”；B选项 similarity “类似；相似点”；C选项 activity “活动；活动区；活动性”；D选项 quality “质量，统计 品质；特性；才能”。句意：人们已经知道，至少有些基因异常是由缺乏特定蛋白质引起的。结合此处关键词 abnormalities “异常；畸形”，得知A为正确答案。7. 单选题The post-World War II baby _ resulted in a 43% increase in the number of teenagers in the 1960s and 1970s.问题1选项A.boostB.boomC.pro

45、ductionD.prosperity【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项 boost “推动；帮助；宣扬”；B选项boom “繁荣；（某种体育运动、音乐等）突然风靡的时期；吊杆；隆隆声；水栅；帆桁”；C选项 production “成果；产品；生产；作品”；D选项prosperity “繁荣，成功”。结合空格前baby，组成固定搭配baby boom “婴儿潮；生育高峰”。句意：二战后的婴儿潮导致60年代和70年代的青少年人数增加了43%。B选项正确。8. 单选题He quickly movedaside behind the trees to avoid being hurt by th

46、e stones thrown in his direction.问题1选项A.duckedB.evadedC.escapedD.dodged【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项ducked“躲避”，强调快速闪躲，后面一般接宾语；B选项evaded“逃避；规避；逃脱”；C选项escaped“逃离，逃脱；避开；泄出”；D选项 dodged“搪塞”，表示躲避时，目的是免受伤害，可作及物动词，也可以加副词或介词。句意：他迅速躲到树后，以免被朝他这个方向扔来的石头弄伤。结合此处关键词 behind（到后面），得知D选项正确。9. 单选题By being over-zealous with foo

47、d restriction, the dieter inadvertently makes a binge on forbidden foods far more likely and you may as well forget the idea of banning things.问题1选项A.may properlyB.had betterC.should surelyD.may probably【答案】B【解析】A选项 may properly “适当地”；B选项 had better “最好”；C选项 should surely “应该”；D选项 may probably “也许可能

48、”。句意：过度热衷于限制食物，节食者很可能会无意中暴饮暴食，你最好还是忘记禁食的想法。结合此处关键词 may as well “最好”，得知B为正确答案。10. 翻译题Despite the choking smog, Beijing is still the number one choice for graduate job seekers based on its “soft environment”, according to a report published last Tuesday. The Chinese capital is the preferred choice for

49、 finding work owing to its social environment, economic development, infrastructure, consumption habits and internationalized atmosphere. Although metropolises are still top choices for graduates to work in, the past three years have seen more university and college graduates work in prefecture-leve

50、l cities, or even smaller cities.【答案】据上周二发布的一份报告显示，尽管烟雾弥漫，但基于“软环境”，北京仍然是毕业生求职者的首选。由于中国的社会环境、经济发展、基础设施、消费习惯和国际化的氛围，中国首都是求职的首选。尽管大城市仍然是毕业生就业的首选，但在过去的三年里，越来越多的大学毕业生到地级市，甚至更小的城市工作。11. 单选题Are we going to see an end to the Arab-Israeli disagreement?问题1选项A.disasterB.controversyC.confrontationD.aggression【答

51、案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 disaster“灾难；灾祸；不幸”；B选项controversy “辩论”；C选项confrontation“对抗；对峙”；D选项 aggression“侵略；侵犯；侵害”。句意：我们会看到阿拉伯和以色列的分歧结束吗。A选项 disaster（灾难）不能形容两个国家的分歧。B选项controversy（辩论），可以排除。D选项aggression（侵犯），这里并没有体现两个国家的侵略。C选项confrontation（对峙）最符合题意，由此得知C选项正确。12. 单选题He tops among the best car racing of the p

52、ast fifty years.问题1选项A.projectsB.showsC.displaysD.rates【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项projects“计划；设计”；B选项 shows“展示，表演”；C选项 displays“显示”；D选项 rates“比率；等级”。句意：他在过去五十年最好的赛车比赛中名列前茅。结合此处关键短语the best car racing（最好的赛车比赛），B，C选项意思相近可以排除，A选项projects（设计）也可排除，D选项 rates（等级）最符合词义。13. 单选题I cant _ what has happened to the veg

53、etables, for they were freshly picked this morning.问题1选项A.figure outB.draw outC.look outD.work out【答案】A【解析】考查词组。A选项 figure out “了解，弄清楚”；B选项 draw out “拉长”；C选项look out “留神，小心”；D选项 work out “解决出，算出”。句意：我不知道这些蔬菜怎么了，因为它们是今天早上刚摘的。结合句意，A选项正确。14. 翻译题通过资料查阅、实地调研、数据分析和专家会商等途径，筛选出适用于该地区的古树健康诊断形态指标，确立各指标的分级依据，构

54、建古树健康诊断标准，并依据该标准对滇中地区86株古树（树名暂略）的健康状况进行诊查。结果表明：古树的健康状况大多为良和一般，不同树种有些许差异，其结果与古树长势强弱成正相关,能够反映古树健康的真实状况，应用效果良好。此外，对影响古树健康状况的原因进行分析，并提出相应解决方法。【答案】By means of data consulting, field research, data analysis and expert consultation, this paper screened out the diagnostic morphological indexes of ancient tr

55、ees suitable for this area, established the grading basis of each index, constructed the diagnostic criteria of ancient trees health, and based on the criteria, diagnosed the health status of 86 ancient trees (tree names are temporarily abbreviated) in central Yunnan. The results showed that the hea

56、lth status of ancient trees was mostly good and average, with some differences among different tree species. The results were positively correlated with the growth strength of ancient trees, which could reflect the real health status of ancient trees, and the application effect was good. In addition

57、, the reasons that affect the health status of ancient trees are analyzed, and corresponding solutions are put forward.15. 单选题Fortune-tellers are good at making _ statements such as “Your sorrows will change”.问题1选项A.philosophicalB.ambiguousC.literalD.invalid【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 philosophical “哲学的（

58、等于philosophic）；冷静的”；B选项 ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱两可的；不明确的，不明朗的；引起歧义的”；C选项 literal “文字的；逐字的；无夸张的”；D选项 invalid “无效的；有病的；残疾的”。句意：算命的人擅长说一些模棱两可的话，比如“你的悲伤会变的”。根据句意，B选项正确。16. 单选题The managers job is not to make decisions but to carry out the decisions the director makes.问题1选项A.fulfillB.accomplishC.implementD.affe

59、ct【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 fulfill“实现；满足；使结束”；B选项 accomplish “完成；实现；达到”；C选项 implement “实施，执行；实现，使生效”；D选项 affect“影响”。句意：经理的工作不是做决定，而是执行主管做的决定。结合此处关键词 make decision（做决定），得知C选项正确。17. 单选题The chocolate company maintained stable sales _ and increased profits by 4.7% in the fiscal period ending in February.问题

60、1选项A.volumesB.rowsC.dimensionsD.outputs【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 volumes “体积，容量”；B选项rows “一排，一行；一排座位；排屋，排房”；C选项 dimensions “规模，大小”；D选项outputs “输出”。句意：在2月份结账期结束巧克力公司保持稳定的销售，并增加了4.7%的利润。sales volumes为固定搭配，译为销售量，因此A选项正确。18. 单选题Cambridge University was easily _, and he returned there to begin his major rese

61、arch activities.问题1选项A.accessibleB.attributableC.attainableD.attachable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 accessible “易接近的；可进入的；可理解的”；B选项 attributable “可归于的；可归属的”；C选项 attainable “可得到的；可达到的；可到达的”；D选项 attachable “可附上的；可连接的；可逮捕的；可没收的”。句意：剑桥大学很容易进入，他回到那里开始了他的主要研究活动。根据句意可知A选项正确。19. 单选题The loss of his_ stems from giv

62、ing promises easily and never fulfilling them.问题1选项A.credibilityB.cradleC.corruptionD.convention【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 credibility “可信性；确实性”；B选项 cradle “摇篮；发源地；发祥地；支船架”；C选项 corruption “贪污，腐败；堕落”；D选项convention “大会”。句意：他之所以失去，是因为他轻易地做出承诺，却从不兑现。根据后文giving promises easily and never fulfilling them.（轻易地做出

63、承诺，却从不兑现）可以推测他不是一位守信的人，结合句意A选项正确。20. 单选题Tesco is preparing a legal battle to clear its name of involvement in the dairy price-fixing scandal that has cost consumers 270 million. Failure to prove that it had no part in collusion with other supermarkets and dairy processors may land it with a fine of at least 80 million. The Office of F