2022年考博英语-江西财经大学考前模拟强化练习题10（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-江西财经大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Humans differ from other species（ ）we possess history as well as prehistory, hundreds and hundreds of diverse cultures and subcultures, and the possibility of informed, conscious choice.问题1选项A.granted thatB.such asC.inasmuch asD.in that【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项granted

2、 that“即使；假定”；B选项such as“比如；诸如”；C选项inasmuch as“由于，因为”；D选项in that“因为；由于；既然”。句意：人类不同于其他物种， 我们拥有历史和史前史，数以百计的不同文化和亚文化，以及知情的、有意识的选择的可能性。由句意可推测出空格处应为“因为”，C选项、D选项均有“因为”的意思，但C选项inasmuch as前需要有逗号，因此D选项正确。2. 单选题Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Early decisionyou apply to one school, and adm

3、ission is bindingseems like a great choice for nervous applicants Schools let in a higher percentage of early-decision applicants, which arguably means that you have a better chance of getting in. And if you do, youre done with the whole agonizing process by December. But what most students and pare

4、nts dont realize is that schools have hidden motives for offering early decision.Early decision since its binding, allows schools to fill their classes with qualified students; it allows admissions committees to select the students that are in particular demand for their college and know those stude

5、nts will come. It also gives schools a higher yield rate which is often used as one of the ways to measure college selectivity and popularity.The problem is that this process effectively shortens the window of time students have to make one of the most important decisions of their lives up to that p

6、oint. Under regular admissions, seniors have until May 1 to choose which school to attend; early decision effectively steals six months from them, months that could be used to visit more schools, do more research, speak to current students and alumni and arguably make a more informed decision.There

7、are, frankly, an astonishing number of exceptional colleges in America, and for any given student, there are a number of schools that are a great fit. When students become too fixated on a particular school early in the admissions process, that fixation can lead to severe disappointment if they dont

8、 get in or, if they do, the possibility that they are now bound to go to a school that, given time for further reflection, may not actually be right for them.Insofar as early decision offers a genuine admissions edge; that advantage goes largely to students who already have numerous advantages. The

9、students who use early decision tend to be those who have received higher quality college guidance, usually a result of coming from a more privileged background. In this regard, theres an argument against early decision, as students from lower-income families are far less likely to have the admissio

10、ns know-how to navigate the often confusing early deadlines.Students who have done their research and are confident that theres one school they would be thrilled to get into should, under the current system, probably apply under early decision. But for students who havent yet done enough research, o

11、r who are still constantly changing their minds on favorite schools, the early decision system needlessly and prematurely narrows the field of possibility just at a time when students should be opening themselves to a whole range of thrilling options.36. What are students obliged to do under early d

12、ecision?37. Why do schools offer early decision?38. What is said to be the problem with early decision for students?39. Why are some people opposed to early decisions?40. What does the author advise college applicants to do?问题1选项A.Attend the school once they are admitted.B.Look into a lot of schools

13、 before they apply.C.Think twice before they accept the offer.D.Consult the current students and alumni.问题2选项A.To provide more opportunities for applicants.B.To avoid competition with other college.C.To make sure they get qualified students.D.To save students the agony of choosing a school.问题3选项A.It

14、 makes their application process more complicated.B.It places too high a demand on their research ability.C.It exerts much more psychological pressure on them.D.It allows them little time to make informed decisions.问题4选项A.It interferes with students learning in high school.B.It is biased against stu

15、dents at ordinary high schools.C.It places students from lower income families at a disadvantage.D.It causes unnecessary confusion among college applicants.问题5选项A.Refrain from competing with students from privileged families.B.Find sufficient information about their favorite schools.C.Avoid choosing

16、 early decision unless they are fully prepared.D.Look beyond the few supposedly thrilling options.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】36. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节辨认题。由题干中的obliged to do和early decision定位到首段首句。Early decisionyou apply to one school, and admission is binding由定位句可知，在提前录取体制下，你申请一所学校，其录取具有约束力。A项“一旦他们被录

17、取就去上学。”；B项“在申请之前多了解一些学校。”；C项“在他们接受这个提议之前要三思。”；D项“咨询目前的学生和校友。”。结合题意可知，A选项和“约束”呼应，正确。故答案为A。37. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干中的offer early decision定位到首段最后一句。首段末句中提到“But what most students and parents dont realize is that schools have hidden motives for offering early decision.”学校提供提前录取是有其隐藏的动机的。接下来，由第二段第一句可知，

18、Early decision since its binding, allows schools to fill their classes with qualified students;提前录取可以使学校录取到高质量的学生。A项“为申请人提供更多的机会。”；B项“避免与其他大学竞争。”；C项“以确保他们得到合格的学生。”，符合题意。D项“为学生省去选学校的痛苦。”故答案为C。38. 【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节辨认题。由题干中的the problem和for students定位到第三段第一句。The problem is that this process effectively sh

19、ortens the window of time students have to make one of the most important decisions of their lives up to that point.定位句指出，问题在于这个过程实际上缩短了学生必须作出他们到那时为止人生最重要的决定的时间。A项“这使得他们的申请过程更加复杂。”未说明。B项“这对他们的研究能力要求太高了。”未提及。C项“这会给他们带来更多的心理压力”，D项“这让他们很少有时间做出明智的决定。”D项更符合题意。39. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节辨认题。由题干中的opposed定位到倒数第二段最后

20、一句。In this regard, theres an argument against early decision, as students from lower-income families are far less likely to have the admissions know-how to navigate the often confusing early deadlines.定位句指出，有人反对提前录取，因为低收入家庭的学生收到录取指南以助他们理解那些常常让人困惑的提前录取截止时间的可能性要小得多。A项“它干扰了学生在高中的学习。”；B项“它对普通高中的学生有偏见。”；

21、C选项“它让来自低收入家庭的学生处于不利地位”符合。D项“这在大学申请者中造成了不必要的混乱。”。C选项符合，故答案为C。40. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干中的the author advise和题文同序原则定位到最后一段。定位段第二句指出，But for students who havent yet done enough research, or who are still constantly changing their minds on favorite schools, the early decision system needlessly and prema

22、turely narrows the field of possibility just at a time when students should be opening themselves to a whole range of thrilling options.对于那些没有做足研究或者始终无法确定自己最喜欢哪所学校的学生来说，提前录取体制没有必要并且过早地缩小了他们此时的选择范围，而这个时候他们正应该放开自己以迎接一系列令人心动的选择。A项“避免与来自特权家庭的学生竞争。”B项“找到他们最喜欢的学校的充分信息。”，符合题意。C项“避免过早作出决定，除非他们准备充分。”D项“不要只看那

23、几个令人兴奋的选项”。故答案为B。3. 单选题In digital electronics, signals are broken down into thousands, maybe millions,（ ）, which are encoded as zeroes and ones.问题1选项A.of bits of informationB.of much in formationC.of little in formationD.of information【答案】A【解析】information 是不可数名词，选项D错；little information 否定含义，不符合本题句意，

24、C选项错；B选项语义不通。只有A选项正确。4. 单选题We must take part in physical labor in order to（ ）ourselves more closely with the working people.问题1选项A.combineB.incorporateC.involveD.identify【答案】D【解析】identify oneself with表示“与密切联系”“到中去”的意思；incorporate with意为“与合作（结合）”；combine with意为“与联合”；involve oneself in意为“参与”“卷入”，不与wit

25、h 搭配。本句意为：我们必须参加体力劳动，目的是更好地与群众打成一片。“与打成一片”还可以用 integrate oneself with。5. 单选题When the Italian poet Dante was （ ） from his home in Florence, he decided to walk from Italy to search for the real meaning of life.问题1选项A.exiledB.expiredC.exemptedD.exerted【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项exile“放逐，流放；使背井离乡”；B选项expire“期满；

26、终止；死亡；呼气”；C选项exempt“免除，豁免”；D选项exert“运用，发挥；施以影响”。句意：当意大利诗人但丁被逐出他在佛罗伦萨的家时，他决定从意大利步行去寻找生命的真正意义。固定搭配“exile from使流亡；把从流放出去”， 因此A选项正确。6. 单选题Able to go almost anywhere, even over the mountainous Allegheny barrier, the railroad（ ）terrain and weather.问题1选项A.defiedB.resistedC.counterpoisedD.suppressed【答案】A【解析

27、】考查动词辨析。A选项defy“藐视；公然反抗；挑衅”；B选项resist“抵抗，抗拒；忍耐”；C选项counterpoise“使平衡；均衡”；D选项suppress“抑制；镇压；废止”。句意：几乎可以去任何地方，甚至可以越过阿勒格尼山脉，铁路 地形和天气。根据句意可知，这里是指铁路可以不受地形和天气的影响，即“藐视”地形和天气，A选项正确。7. 单选题Some of the ideas are very simple and sound intuitively plausible. The underlined part means（ ）.问题1选项A.directlyB.reasonabl

28、yC.franklyD.instinctively【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项directly“直接地；立即；马上”；B选项reasonably“合理地；相当地；适度地”；C选项frankly“坦率地；老实说”；D选项instinctively“本能地”。intuitively意为“直观地；直觉地”，D选项的意思最为接近。句意：有些想法非常简单，听起来觉得很有道理。8. 单选题Passage OneIt is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern lit

29、e, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the drivers seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsider

30、ate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be Kind to Other Drivers” campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand.Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-te

31、mpered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphe

32、re of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays dont even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the dri

33、ver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes

34、 for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.A veteran driver whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic stre

35、ams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists cant even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of boatmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take fr

36、om all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.21. According to this passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused by （ ）.22. The sentence “You might tolerate the odd road-hog. the rule.” (Paragraph 1) implies that（ ）.23. By “good sense” (Paragraph 2), the writer

37、 means（ ）.24. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion,（ ）.25. In the writers opinion,（ ）.问题1选项A.peoples attitude towards the road-hogB.the rhythm of modern lifeC.the behavior of the driverD.traffic conditions问题2选项A.our society is unjust towards well-mannered motoris

38、tsB.rude drivers can be met only occasionallyC.the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hogD.nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists问题3选项A.the drivers ability to understand and react reasonablyB.the drivers prompt response to difficult and severe conditionsC.the dri

39、vers tolerance of rude or even savage behaviorD.the drivers acknowledgement of politeness and regulations问题4选项A.road users should make more sacrificeB.drivers should be ready to yield to each otherC.drivers should have more communication among themselvesD.drivers will suffer great loss if they pay n

40、o respect to others问题5选项A.strict traffic regulations are badly neededB.drivers should apply road politeness properlyC.rude drivers should be punishedD.drivers should avoid traffic jams【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】21.【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。根据文章第一句It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of

41、 petrol and the quick pace of modern lite, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible（我们可以责怪交通堵塞、汽油成本和现代生活的快节奏，但道路上的礼仪正变得可怕）可以推断出，C选项“司机的行为”符合题意。22.【试题答案】D【试题解析】判断推理题。根据划线部分“你可能会容忍那些古怪的横冲直撞、粗鲁无礼的司机，但如今那些有礼貌的司机却是例外”可以推断出，有礼貌的司机不多见，因此D选项“现在不礼貌的司机占大多数”正确。23.【试题答案】A【试题解析】判断推理题。根据第二段第二句It takes the m

42、ost cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior（当遇到不文明行为时，只有头脑最冷静、脾气最好的司机才能抵制报复的诱惑）可以推断出，司机的good sense是指他们能理智地看待别人的行为并做出适当的反应，因此A选项“司机的理解能力和合理反应的能力”正确。24.【试题答案】B【试题解析】事实细节题。根据文章倒数第二句Years ago the experts warned us that the car-o

43、wnership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users.（多年前，专家警告我们，汽车保有量的激增将要求所有道路使用者更多的互让）可知，B选项“司机们应该做好互相让道的准备”正确。25.【试题答案】B【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第二段第一句Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too（马路礼貌不仅是一种礼貌，也是一种良好的意识）和第三段第一句However, misplaced politeness can also be

44、dangerous（然而，错误的礼貌也可能是危险的）可知，作者认为司机应文明驾驶，但又要恰当地礼让，因此B选项“司机应该适当地使用道路礼貌”正确。9. 单选题The population of Pennsylvania increased from 50,000 in 1730 to more than 200,000 in 1763, （ ）to the thousands of Scotch Irish.问题1选项A.in effectB.in consequenceC.in large partD.at large【答案】C【解析】in large part 表示“主要地”，相当于mai

45、nly：in effect意为“实际”“事实上”；in consequence 意为“因而”“结果”；at large意为“大体上”。本句意为：“宾夕法尼亚的人口从1730年的5万增加到1763年的20万，主要是由于苏格兰和爱尔兰人混血的后裔造成的。”10. 单选题For decades, people had continued to pay down mortgages until their last cent was spent. Now, increasing numbers were giving up their homes even as they continued to s

46、ervice other debts. Faced with a plunge in house prices across the US something that has not happened since the Great Depression of the 1930s the mortgage industry is already dealing with a surge in the numbers of people defaulting on their payments.The concern is that the losses on risky subprime m

47、ortgages could soon swell further as people with good credit history decide it is not worth continuing to make payments on houses worth less that the loan. House prices in the US are already 20 per cent from the 2006 highs and are forecast to keep falling. For many, especially those who have put lit

48、tle of their own money into a house, sending back the keys could be perfectly rational. The practice has given a name in the industry “jingle mail” and there are even companies specializing in helping people with the decision. Y, one such service, almost makes it sound an alluring prospect, “what if

49、 you could live payment-free for up to eight months or more and walk away without owing a penny?” the website asks.Larry Rosenberger, arguably one of the most experienced crunchers of consumer debt statistics around, was meeting the consortium of mortgage lenders to talk about analyzing their data f

50、rom clues about which people in negative equity could be expected to keep paying down their mortgages. They said, “were getting killed with losses, can we figure out more accurately who will do what, so we can be more accommodating with some borrowers but not with others,” Mr. Rosenberger says.The a

51、ccuracy of the models used by the likes of Mr. Rosenberger to flag good and bad customers could make a huge difference to the losses that lenders eventually have to absorb losses that will, in turn, determine the availability of fresh funds for new loans. His approach was to seek clues to peoples fu

52、ture actions in their past behaviors. For example, people with children at local schools may be less likely to walk away than people without school-age children. People with mortgages on second homes may be more likely to give up the investment.26. Which of the following is NOT true according to Par

53、agraph 1?27. People stop paying house mortgages because（ ）.28. The worrying situation in mortgage industry（ ）.29. What do you think Larry Rosenberger does?30. What does the underlined word “flag” mean in Paragraph 4?问题1选项A.The pattern that people pay down mortgages has changed recently.B.The last ti

54、me that house prices dropped so rapidly was the Great Depression.C.People stop paying mortgages for not only houses but also everything else.D.The mortgage industry is facing a big challenge because people can no longer pay their debts.问题2选项A.they find that their houses are worth less than the loanB

55、.their credit cards are closed and they have gone bankruptcyC.they do not have a good credit history and fail to get the loanD.they can live in the house without paying anything问题3选项A.is accompanied by a new mailing service called “jingle mail”B.is worsened by the new business such as YC.is caused b

56、y those people who have invested little in housingD.can be changed if people become more rational and law-abiding问题4选项A.He crunches consumers so that they will pay their debts.B.He provides borrowers financial information to mortgage lenders.C.He analyses the lenders data to predict what customers w

57、ill do.D.He uses his experience to help the lenders avoid risks.问题5选项A.a symbolB.a signalC.to identifyD.to attract【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】26.【试题答案】C【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第一段第2句Now, increasing numbers were giving up their homes even as they continued to service other debts（现在，越来越多的人放弃了他们的房子，即使他们继续偿还

58、其他债务）可推断出，C选项“人们不仅停止支付房屋抵押贷款，而且停止支付其他所有抵押贷款”的表述是不正确的，因此C选项符合题意。27.【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第二段第一句中的people with good credit history decide it is not worth continuing to make payments on houses worth less that the loan（拥有良好信用记录的人认为，继续支付价值低于贷款的房屋是不值得的）可知，A选项“他们发现他们的房子的价值低于贷款”正确。28.【试题答案】A【试题解析】判断推理题。根据第二段第

59、四句The practice has given a name in the industry “jingle mail” and there are even companies specializing in helping people with the decision（这种做法在业内有了一个名字“叮当邮件”，甚至有专门帮助人们做决定的公司）可以推断出，A选项“伴随着一种名为叮当邮件的新邮件服务”正确。29.【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。根据第三段第一句Larry Rosenberger, arguably one of the most experienced crunche

60、rs of consumer debt statistics around, was meeting the consortium of mortgage lenders to talk about analyzing their data from clues about which people in negative equity could be expected to keep paying down their mortgages（拉里罗森伯格可以说是消费者债务统计方面经验最丰富的专家之一，他与抵押贷款机构联盟会面，讨论如何根据负资产人群有望继续偿还抵押贷款的线索来分析数据），和第

61、四段第二句His approach was to seek clues to peoples future actions in their past behaviors（他的方法是在人们过去的行为中寻找未来行为的线索）可推断出，C选项正确。30.【试题答案】C【试题解析】语义推测题。本处flag意为分辨、区分，因此C选项“识别；确定；辨认”正确。11. 单选题AIDS is a global problem that demands a unified, worldwide solution, which is not only the responsibility of nation in

62、 which AIDS is most （ ）.问题1选项A.vigorousB.prevalentC.relevantD.rigorous【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项vigorous“有力的；精力充沛的”；B选项prevalent“ 流行的；普遍的，广传的”；C选项relevant“相关的；切题的”；D选项rigorous“严格的，严厉的”。句意：艾滋病是一个全球性的问题，需要一个统一的、全球性的解决办法，而不仅是艾滋病盛行的国家的责任。句意要表达的是“艾滋病盛行的国家”，因此B选项正确。12. 单选题Questions 26 to 30 are based on the fol

63、lowing passage.Abraham Lincoln turns 200 this year, and hes beginning to show his age. When his birthday arrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the Capitols National Statuary Hall, a wreath will be laid at the great memorial in Washington, and a webcast will link school classrooms for a “teach- in” honoring his memory.Admirable as they are, though, the events will str