全国统考医学考博英语真题

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1、word2006年全国医学考博统考考博英语真题31.He _ the check and deposited it in his account.C.cashed cash a check以支票兑换现款捐赠, 赋予He is endowed with genius他赋有天才。32.She claimed that she was denied admission to the school _ her raceA. by virtue of .依靠, 由于B.in accordance with C.with respect toD.on account of 33.The present i

2、s ill.so the secretary will be _ for him as chairman at the meeting.A.standing up坚持, 经得起, 拥护, 抵抗B.ing up流行, 发生, 被提出,上升,讨论,出现C.sitting in参加D.filling in34The witness was._ by the judge for failing to answer the questionA. sentenced B.threatenedC.admonished告诫,劝告,警告,提醒,要求, 催D.jailed监禁35.Publicly,they ar

3、e trying to _ this latest failure,but in private they are very worried. publicly adv.公然地, 舆论上A.put off 搪塞, 使分心, 使厌恶, 扔掉, 脱掉, 劝阻B.laugh off C.pay off v. 报复, 赢利D.lay offv.解雇, 停止工作, 休息, 划出36.It is sheer _ to be home again and be able to relax.A.prestigen.声望, 威望, 威信B.paradise天堂C.prideD.privacy秘密, 私事In s

4、uch matters, privacy is impossible.在这类事情中, 某某是不可能的。We must respect others -cies我们不该打听他人的私事37.During rush hour.Downtown streets are _ with muters. muter n.通勤者, 经常往返者A.scatteredB.condensed(使)浓缩, 精简C.clogged堵阻塞up塞堵， 阻满withD.dotted38.Someone who is in _ confinement监禁,拘留 is kept alone in a room in prison

5、.A. preciseB.solitary solitary confinement 单独拘禁C.remote D.confidential39.She is very _ , and will be able to perpform all require tasks well.A.productive B.flexibleC.sophisticatedD.versatile40.Various books and papers are _ up togethir on her desk.A.jumbledadj.混乱的, 乱七八糟的B.tumbledC.bumbledD.humbledSe

6、ction B4.B.C.D.42.Sunny periods will be interspersed with occasionsl shower,不时用.打断.A.interrupted .B.blocked C.blended D.interested43._ A.B.C.D.44._ A.B.C.D.45._ A.B.C.D.46.She kept to her point tenaciously and would not give away.A.persistently坚持的, 百折不挠的; 固执的B.constantly稳定的， 不变的;忠实的， 忠贞不渝的C.perpetua

7、lly永恒地, 终身地D.vigorously精神旺盛地47._ A.B.C.D.48. I am just fed up with his excuse for not getting his work done fed up with受够了.A.anguished at 使痛苦苦恼, 悲痛B.annoyed atbe annoyed with sb. at sth.对(某人)为(某事)而生气C.agonized by烦恼的, 极度痛苦的D.afflicted by使苦恼, 痛苦, 折磨beafflicted with gout害痛风病49. Lets get out the diction

8、ary and settle this dispute once and for all. 断然地, 坚决地A.at the moment B.at any time C.for a whileD.for the last time50.I was so absorbed in my work that I pletely forgot the time.A.engraved 雕刻B.engrossed 全神贯注的C.enforced强迫, 执行, 坚持, 加强. D.enveloped完型填空 Culture shock might be called an occupational dis

9、ease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad.Like most ailments,it has its own symptoms and cure.Culture shock文化冲击is precipitated by the51 that result from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse.Those signs or cues include the thousands and one ways in thich we5

10、2 ourselves to the situation of daily life; when to shake hands and what to say,when we meet people, when and how to give tips,how to make purchases,when to accept and when to 53 invitations,when to take statements seriously and 54 .These cues,which may be words,gestures,facial expressions,customs,o

11、r norms,are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are 55 a part of our cultrue as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept.All of us depend 56 our peace of mind内心的宁静 and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues,most of which we do not carry,57 conscious awareness. Now when indi

12、vidual enters a strange culture,all or most of these familiar cues are 58 .He or she is like a fish out water.No matter how broad-minded气量大的or full of goodwill you may be, a series of props小道具 have been knocked 59 you,followed by feeling of frustrations and anxiety.People react to the frustration in

13、 much the same way.First they reject the environment which causes the disfort.“The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad.When foreigners in a strange hand get together to grouse埋怨about the 60country and its people.You can be sure they are suffering from culture shock.51.A.pl

14、aint B.anxiety C.grief D.conflict斗争, 冲突52.A.convert B.associate C.orient I havent been able to orient my ideas to the new conditions.我还未能使自己的观点适应新情况。D.familiarize53.A.refuseB.wele C.deliver D.withdraw54.A.why not B.what not C.when notD.where not 55.A.as muchB.as such C.as well D.as if56.A.onB.with C

15、.as D.for57.A.on the level of B.in accordance with C.be means of D.in view of考虑到, 由于58.A.adjusted B.modified C.rejeted D.removed59.A.from behind B.from underC.out of D.away from60.A.guest B.target C.host D.masterpassage 2 High-speed高速的Living has bee a fact of life无法更改的事实,and the frantic pace is taki

16、ng its toll代价,according to science writer James Gleick. Its as if the old“type Abehavior of a few has expanded into扩大为the “hurry sickness of the many.“We do feel that were more time-driven and time-obsessed受时间驱使和困扰 and generally rushed than ever beforewrite Gleick in Faster:The Acceleration of Just

17、About几乎Everything,a survey of fast-moving移动迅速的, 情节紧凑动人的culture and its consfequences.We may also be acting more hastily,losing control, and thinking superficially because we lie faster.Technology has conditioned us to expect instant results.Internet purchases arrive by next-day delivery and the micr

18、ovave delivers a hot meal in minutes.Faxes,s,and cell phones make it plssibleand increasingly obligatory义务的for people to work faster.Gleick cites numerous examples of last-forward changes in our lives:Stock trading and news cycles are shorter; sound bites新闻采访的原声摘要播出of presidential candidates on netw

19、ork newscasts dropped from 40 secinds in 1868 to 10 seconds in 1998 ; and some fast-food restaurants have added express lanes小路.High expectations for instant service方便的服务 make even the brief wait for an elevator seem interminable(漫长的). “A good waiting time is in the neighborhood of 15 seconds.Someti

20、me around 40 seconds,people start to get visibly显然upsetere dependent on systems that promise speed but often deliver frustration.Like rush-hour顶峰时间 drivers fuming when a single accident halts the evening mute,people surfing the internet网络冲浪squirm if a Web page is slow to load or when access itselt i

21、s not instantaneous即刻的.And the concert of “customer servicecan bee an oxymoron(逆喻 a wise fool; cruel kindness)for customers waiting on hold for a telephone representative.Up-tempo快速living has turned people multitaskers-eating while driving,writing an whiletalking on the phone,or skimming dozens of t

22、elevision programs on split screen.Gleick suggests that human beings may be capable of adjusting to these new levels of stimuli as high-speed culture challenges our brains“in a way they were not challenged in the past,except perhaps in times of war.We may gain the flexibility to do several things at

23、 once but lose some of our capacity to focus in depth深入的on a single task.66with living pace getting quicker and quick,the number of those of “Type-Abehavior is A.on the riseB.out or controlC.on the declineD.under investigation67High-speed living brings about the following consequences,exclusive of除.

24、外,A.superficial thinkingB.lose of controlC.waste of timeD.more haste68The best conclusion can be drawn from the 3rd paragraph is thatA.techonlogy is building a fast-moving culture B.we are living in the age of informationC.economy is booming with technologyD.the frantic pace is taking its toll69As t

25、he author implies,the faster we live,_A.the less we doB.the less patient we areC.the more time we saveD.the more efficiency have70Living faster and faster,the multitaskers tend_A.to scratch the surface of a thingB.to do things better at the same timeC.to be flexible with their time schedualsD.to hav

26、e intense concentration on trivial thingspassage 3 Imagine a disease spreading across the globe,killing mostly middle-aged people or leaving them chronically disabled.Then one day researchers e up with a drug that can prevent some of the diseases nastier威胁的effects.You would think the worlds ageing p

27、ublic would be eternally grateful. The disease does exist.It is called tobacco addiction.The drug too is real and in animal tests has prevented lung damage that leads to emphysema肺气肿.But the inventors have received no bouquets恭维话.Prevailing medical opinion seems to be that the drug is a mere sidesho

28、w杂耍的,distracting smokers from the task of quitting.Another experimental drug ,which could protect smokers against cancer ,is also viewed with suspicion because it could give smokers an excuse not to quit.On the face of从外表判断it these responses make sense.It is ingrained彻底的, 根深蒂固in society that smokers

29、 have only themselves to blame and their salvation拯救, 救助lies in a simple act of will.If they will not quit smoking,they cannot expect help from anyone else.But this logic is flawed有缺陷的.Check a survey of smokers and you find two-thirds want to give up and one-third will have tried in the previous yea

30、r.Yet,even with nicotine gum齿龈, 口香糖,patches and drugs to ease the ordeal,the quit rate is still under 10 percent.In the UK , the proportion of people who smoke has not fallen in a decade.Tobacco has a powerful grip,and many smoker are caught in a trap they cannot escape:they have a disease like any

31、other and deserve the chance to reduce the harm it does to them.This reasoning is hard for many to swallow.It certainly leaves governments and anti-smoking groups in a bind处于困境,左右为难. They are happy to pay lip service to口头上支持methods for reducingharm-of which three are a growing unmber-but they are sl

32、ow to create policies based upon them.European Union countries,for example,look years to指望, 依赖; even consider regulating the dangerous additives in cigarettes.One fear is that methods for reducing harm will dilute冲淡,变弱,稀释the message that tobacco killsut that message wont change.In the present case,e

33、ven if both drugs turn out证明是.to work in human trials,they would not protect against all the deadly side effects of smoking.And the drugs do not have to be free to all.They could be available only on prescription for people who doctors believe genuinely cannot give up.There are things that no drug a

34、imed at harm reduction will ever be able to be.It will not cut passive smoking or stop tobacco panies persuading millions of teenagers to light up.For these reasons all other ways to counter smoking must continue,from banning tobacco advertising to raising tobacco taxes.But it would be a mistake to

35、ignore the harm reduction measures.For those who are not convinced,forget smokers for a moment.Preventive drugs could also help non-smokers,especially those working long hours,as,say,musicians and bar stall in smoky rooms.Should we deny them too?71The statement “But the inventors have received no bo

36、uquets implies that_A.the drugs have received suspicionB.the inventors just presented a sideshowC.it will take time for the public to accept the new drugD.the effects of the drug need further test on human trials72The author argues that _A.no smoker is expected to succee in quittingB.smokers deserve

37、 the harm smoking does to themC.smokers with resolution to stop smoking need halpD. smokers could succeed with strong resolution to give up73The author is trying to emphasize that the drugs_A.are aimed at youngstersB.should be available to smokers free of charge C.will not change the message that to

38、bacco killsD.help regulate the dangerous additives in cigarattes74The drugs,according to the author,are expected_A.to perform preventive functions in non-smokersB.to reduce the number of passive smokersC.to enforce the bat against smokingD.all of the above75we can draw a conclusion from the passage

39、that_A.with innovative drugs smokers can still enjoy personal gratifications满意and stay healthyB.if a drug can save lives,we shouldnt withhold it without good resaonC.the battle against smoking is far from wonD. there will be a safe way to smokepassage 4 Eating is related to emotional as well as phys

40、iologic needs.Sucking ,which is the infants means of gaining both food and emotional security conditions the association of eating with well-being or with deprivation.If the child is breast-fed and has supportive body cintact as well as good mild intake,if the child is allowed to suck for as long as

41、 he or she desires,and if both the child and the mother enjoy the nursing experience and share their enjoyment,the child is more likely to shrive both phgysically and emotionally.On the other hand,if the mother is nervous and resents the child or cuts him her off from the milk supply before either t

42、he childs hunger or sucking need is satisfied,or handle the child hostilely during the feeding,or props the baby with a bottle rather than holding the child,the child may develop physically but will begin to show signs of emotional disturbance at an early age.If ,in addition,the infant is further ab

43、used by parental indifference or intolerance,he or she will carry scars of such emotional deprivation throughout life.Eating habits are also conditioned by family and other psychosocial environments.If an individuals family eats large quantities of food,then he or she is inclined to eat large amount

44、s.If an individuals family eats mainly vegetable,then he or she will be inclined to like vegetables.If mealtime is a happy and significant event,then the will tend to think of eating in those terms.And if a family eats quickly,without caring what is being eaten and while fighting at the dinner table

45、,then the person will most likely adopt the same eating pattern and be adversely affected by it.This conditioning to food can remain unchanged through a lifetime unless the individual is awakened to醒悟the fact of conditioning and to the possible need for altering his or her eating patterns in order t

46、o improve nutritional intake.Conditioning spills over into and is often reinforced by religious beliefs and other customs so that ,for example,a Jew,whose religion forbids the eating of pork,might have guilt feeling if he or she ate pork.An older Roman Catholi might be conditioned to feel guilty if

47、he or she eats meat on Ffiday,traditionaly a fish day.76A well-breast-fed child_A.tends to associated foods with emotionsB.is physiologically and emotionally satisfiedC.cannot have physiologic and emotional problemsD. is more likely to have his or her needs satisfied in the futrue77while sucking ,th

48、e baby is actually_A.conscious of the impact of breast-feedingB.interacting with his or her mother C.creating a nursing environmentD. impossible to be abused78A bottle-fed child_A.can be healthy physiologically,but not emotionallyB.cannot avoid physiologic abuse throught lifeC.is deprived of emotion

49、al needsD. is rid of physiological needs79From the list of eating habits,we learn that_A.everyone follows his or her eating pattern to deathB.ones eating pattern varies with his or her personalityC.there is no such things as psychosocial environmentsD.everyone is born into a conditioned eating envir

50、onment80A Jew or an older Roman Catholic_A.takes an eating habit as a religious beliefB.is conditioned to feel guilty of eating pork in his or her familyC.cannot have a nutritional eating habit conditioned by religion beliefsD. observes遵守 an eating pattern conditioned by his or her psychosocial envi

51、ronmentPassage 5 Several classes of bitter苦的 citrus pound have looked promising as anticancer agents in laboratory tests.A new study indicates that long-term consumption of orange juice.A source of such chemicals cuts cancer risk in rats. In test-tube studies,one class of the bitter pounds-flavonoid

52、s类黄酮-has inhibited the growth of breast cancer cells.Related studies showed that bitter citrus柑桔 limonoids similarly ward off 挡住深思 over such data,Maurice R Bennink of Michigan State University in East Lansing wondered whether drinking orange juice would have a beneficial effect. mull sth. over(=mull

53、 over sth.)反复考虑某事His team injected 60 young rats with a chemical that causes colon cancer and then raised half of the animals on a normal diet.The others received orange juice instead of drinking water-and less sugar in their food to pensate for sugars in the juice.At an American Institute for Cance

54、r Research meeting last week in Washington D.C. Bennink reported that after 7 months 22 of the animals receiving a normal diet had developed colon cancers.s 77 percent of the control groups incidence.Concludes Bennink,whose work was supported by orange-juice producer Tropicana products of Brandenton

55、,Fla“These data show orange juice helps protect against cancer,He says that the study might also apply to breast,prostate,and lung cancers.Bandaru S.Reddy of the American Health Foundation in Valhalla.N.Y.,was not surprised by Benninks finding of an orange juice benefit.However,he calls the reported

56、 risk reduction. unimpressive不令人信服的,his own data show that citrus limonoids protect against chemically inducedcolon cancer in lab animals.Luke K. T. Lam of LDT Laboratories in St. Paul,Minn.,finds Benninks data“quite interesting. although he describes as “borderline边界限the suppression of cancer incid

57、ence observed by Bennink.Lam has inhibited tumors in the lung,skin and forestomach of mice with limonoinds. The scientists dont know what pounds in orange juice underlie its effect.The juice is rich in one limonoid-a sugar-containing version of limonin柠檬苦素,which suppressed tumors in Lams possible,La

58、m speculates,that rats convert the juices limonoid into limonin.Indeed argues Gary D,Manners of the Agricultural Research Service in Albany,Calif.“there is no doubt that these( anticancer) citus pounds are bioavailable in animals to the site of a cancer.The question remains whether they are similiar

59、ly available in people.To find out,his team will soon begin measuring the human boys uptake 吸收of limonoids from orange juice.81.what made Bennink hypeothesize the protetive effect of orange juice?A.The wide consumption of the fruitsB.the citrus limonoids of the fruitsC.His own personal experience.D

60、His promising research82.which of the following is true of the results of Benninks study?A.only eitht rats of the control group showed tumorsB.thirteen rats of the test guoup failed to show tumorsC.seventy-seven percent of the test group did not show tumorsD.only thirty-three percent of the control

61、group showed tumors83.It can be inferred from the passage that Bennink_A.won much financial support with his unexpected results.B.had a mercial intention in the first placeC.tried to please orange-juice manufacturersD.found a right sponsor84.Both Reddy and Lam_A.seemed to be surprisingly impressed b

62、y Benninks findingsB.did not seem to be surprised by Benninks findingsC.did not seem to believe in the orange juice benefitD.seemed to be doubtful of Benninks findings85.From the passage we can learn that scientists are still in the dark about_A.the substance that supprisses tumors B.che existence o

63、f bioavability in the human bodyC.the uptake of limonoids from orange-juice in peopleD.the bioavailability生物利用率, 生物有效度of citrus pounds in the human body.passage 6 Just before dawn we received a call that an unresponsive infant was being brought by emergency medical services to our hospital.As the me

64、dical team-the pediatric resident,intern,respiratory therapist,nurse,and me-prepared for the ining patient,an eerie可怕的silence enveloped the trauma外伤room,an event that frequently precedes先于a pediatric resuscitation复活. The child arrived in our emergency department pulseless and cold,with pressions being performed on him in the arms of the paramedic护理人员 (,Further history obtained by the paramedics in