2022研究生入学-英语二考试全真模拟卷49（附答案带详解）

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1、2022研究生入学-英语二考试全真模拟卷（附答案带详解）1. 问答题：Its almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure.People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere.Put simply,theyre not real living at all.But,the wonderful thing about failure is that its entirely up to us to deci

2、de how to look at it.We can choose to see failure asthe end of the world,or as proof of just how inadequate we are.Or,we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is.Every time we fail at something,we can choose to look for the lesson were meant to learn.These lessons a

3、re very important;theyre how we grow,and how we keep from making that same mistake again.Failures stop us only if we let them.Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise.For instance,failure can help you discover how strong a person you are.Failing at

4、something can help you discover your truest friends,or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.答案： 本题解析：人的一生几乎不可能不经历某种失败。但是，失败的妙处就在于，完全由我们来决定如何看待它。我们可以选择将失败看作是“世界末日”。或者像以往一样，把它看作令人难以置信的学习经历。每当我们在某件事上失败时，我们会选择寻找应学习的教训。这些教训非常重要；他们教会我们如何成长，如何避免再次犯相同的错误。如果失败阻止我们前进，那么唯一的条件就是我们允许它的发生。失败还可以教会我们认识自己，

5、那是我们在别处永远无法学习到的。例如，失败可以帮助你发现自己的能力。失败可以帮助你发现最真实的朋友，或者帮助你找到预料之外的成功动力。2. 判断题：Copying Birds May Save Aircraft FuelBoth Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft.The 787 and 350 respectively.Their clever designs and lightweightcompositescertainly make a difference.But a gro

6、up of researchers at Stanford University,led by Ilan Kroo,has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalisticapproach to cutting jet-fuel use and it would not require them to buy newaircraft.The answer,says Dr Kroo,lies with birds.Since 1914,scientists have known thatbirds flying in formation

7、-a V-shape-expend less energy.The air flowing over abirds wings curls upwards behind the wingtips.a phenomenon known asupwash.Other birds flying in the upwash experience reduced drag,and spendless energy propelling themselves.Peter Lissaman,anaeronautics expert whowas formerly at Caltech and the Uni

8、versity of Southern California,has suggestedthat a formation of 25 birds might enjoy a range increase of 71%.When applied to aircraft,the principles are not substantially different.Dr Krooand his team modeled what would happen if three passenger jets departing fromLos Angeles,San Francisco and I as

9、Vegas were to assemble over Utah,assume aninverted V-formation occasionally change places so all could have a turn in themost favourable positions,and proceed to London.They found that the aircraftconsumed as much as 15%less fuel（coupled with a reduction in carbon-dioxideoutput）.Nitrogen-oxide emiss

10、ions during the cruising portions of the flight fellby around a quarter.There are,of course,knots to be worked out.One consideration is safety,or atleast the perception of it.Would passengers feel comfortable travelling incompanion?Dr Kroo points out that the aircraft could be separated by severalna

11、utical miles,and would not be in the intimate groupings favoured by displayteams like the Red Arrows,A passenger peering out of the window might noteven see the other planes.Whether the separation distances involved wouldsatisfy air-traffic-control regulations is another matter,although a working gr

12、oupat the International Civil Aviation Organisation has included the possibility offormation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines.It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that makeformation flight more efficient.In zones of increased turbulence,the planeswake

13、s will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish.Dr Kroo says this isone of the areas his team will investigate further.It might also be hard for airlinesto co-ordinate the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a waythat would allow them to gain from formation flight.Cargo

14、aircraft,in contrast,might be easier to reschedule,as might routine military flight.As it happens,Americas armed forces are on the on case already.Earlier thisyear the countryS Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency announcedplans to pay Boeing to investigate formation flight,though the programme

15、 hasyet to begin.There are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation whenthey were low on fuel during the Second World War,but Dr Lissaman says theyare unsubstantiated.My father was an RAF pilot and my cousin the skipper of aLancaster lost over Berlin,he adds.So he should knowFindings of

16、 the Stanford University researchers will promote the sales of newBoeing and Airbus aircraft.答案：错误 本题解析：斯坦福大学研究者的发现将会促进波音飞机公司和空中客车飞机公司新飞机的销售。由题干关键词Stanford University researchers可推测答案依据在首段末句But a group ofresearchers.，has suggested that a.，and it would no.题千中的findings指的就是airlines could take a more na

17、turalistic approach to cutting jetfueluse”,而and后的内容指出该研究说明it would not require them to buy newaircraft”,意思为“这不需要购买新型号飞机”,因而可以得知题干信息和原文信息是相反的。答案为F。3. 多选题：Text 4 Britains private schools are one of its most successful exports.The children of the well-heeled flock to them,whetherrom China,Nigeria or Ru

18、ssia:the number of foreign pupils rose by l.4%in the last year alone.One headmaster recendy asked a room full of pupils whether they flew business class to Britain.Only a few hands went up,sugSesting they were not quite as spoiled as he had thought.Then a boy explained:many of the pupils fly first c

19、lass instead.Yet foreign studenLs,whether educated in British pnvate schools or elsewhere,are decreasingly likely to go to English universities.According Lo the Higher Education Funding Council for England,307,200 0verseas students began their studies in the country in 2012-2013,down from 312,000 tw

20、o years earlier and the first drop in 29 years.Student numbers from the rest of the EU fell-probably a result of the increase in annual tuition fees in England from 6,000 a year 10 9,000.But arrivals from India and Pakistan declined mosL sharply.In conLrast to the visa regime for private schools,whi

21、ch is extremely lax（the Home Office counts private schools as favoured sponsors）,student visas have been tightened.Foreign students used to be allowed to work for up to two years after graduating.They now have only four months to find a job paying upwards of 20,600 if they want to stay in Britain.Th

22、is change was intended to deal with sham colleges ihat were in effect offenng two-year work visas.BuL it seems to have put off serious students too.Nick HiUman of the Higher Education Policy Institute says the government has sent unclear messages about the sort of immigration it wants to restrict.An

23、 emphasis on holding down net immigration influences young Indians and Pakistanis in particular.Australia 8nd America,which have more relaxed entry criteria for students,are becorrung more favoured destinations.Colin Riordan,Cardiff Universitys vice-chancellor,adds that Britains student-visa regime

24、has become more strict and difficult.As a result,Britain is losing oul to other counLries in the contest for Lalent-an oddity,given how often the prime minister bangs on about theglobal race.Its unwelcoming standpoint will harm its long-term prospects.And the drift of foreign studenLs from leadinS;B

25、ritish private schools to American colleges may have another,somewhat happier,consequence:America might become raLher better at cricket.the author holds that Britains current studenL-visa regime may_A.deprive the country of foreign elitesB.lose both domestic and foreign talenlsC.harm iLs long-term e

26、conomic prospectsD.lose its advantage in sports competilion答案：A 本题解析：观点题。题干BIitains current student-visa regime对应第四段尾句，而第五段体现作者观点，强调英国当前的学生签证制度带来的结果，故答案锁定第五段。选项Adeprive the country of foreign elites“使国家失去外国精英”；该项对应首句：As a resultBrtain is losing out to other countries in the contest for talent.其中tale

27、nt强调的是文章讨论的“留学生”，即“外国人才”。该项的deprive=lose；elites=talent；故该项表达正确。Blose both domestic and foreign talents“失去国内外人才”；该项错在domestic国内的”一词，文章从头到尾都在讨论留学生，从没有提到本国的人才，故该项错误。Chann its long-term economic prospects“不利于长远经济前景”；原文第二句提到harm its long-term prospects，该项多出economic一词，属于偷换概念。Dlose its advantage in sports

28、competiLion”在体育比赛中失去优势”；该项与最后一句有关，文章提到cricket“板球”运动，该项变成sports competition“体育比赛”，属于明显的夸大范围。综上，本题选择A。4. 问答题：Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass thats perpetually half full. But thats exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldnt recommend. “

29、Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor. According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best. Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercisers. When

30、he feels down - say, after giving a bad lecture he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction. He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons for the future about what works an

31、d what doesnt. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesnt matter.答案： 本题解析：大多数人认为乐观是无尽的欢乐，如同总是有半杯水的杯子。但那是一种绝不会为积极心理学家所称道的 虚假的快乐。哈佛大学的泰?本沙哈尔教授说，“健康的乐观主义意味着要活在现实之中。”在本沙哈尔看来， 现实的乐观主义者会因势利导，而非求全责备。 本沙哈尔会使用三种乐观的方法。比如说，当他因搞砸了一场演讲而

32、倍感郁闷的时候，他会告诉自己这是 很正常的事，提醒自己：并不是每一次演讲都可以获得诺贝尔奖，总会有一些人的演讲效果不及其他人。接着 为改进。他分析了一些效果不好的演讲并且从那些起效和无效的演讲中吸取教训为将来做准备。最后是看待问 题的角度，即在生活的宏伟计划中，一次演讲真的无足轻重。5. 问答题：Six months ago you got a job as a content editor for the China Daily Website.Write a letter of about 100 words to the Human Resources officer,Ms.Wang,b

33、riefly describing your performance and applying for a full-time position.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name at the end of the letter.UseLi Minginstead.Do not write the address.答案： 本题解析：Dear Ms.Wang,I have been working for China Daily Website as a content editor inte

34、rn for six months since March.Now I am writing to request a transfer from an intern position to a permanent one.During my iniernship,I mainly write and edit the online newspaper articles,and engage in the topic selectionor ChinaDaiy mobile news.During the work,I always urge myself to enhance transla

35、ting and writing skitls by reading extensively and learning constantly from my colleagues.Hence I have remarkably improved my efficiency and refined my works.With the help of my director and colleagues.I can independently collect news materials and wrile bilingual news now.I have been rated asExcell

36、entin four successive monthly performance reviews.I love this job and I feel that l can handle more challenges in the future.1 hope you will be kind enough to consider my request.Best regards,Li Ming6. 多选题：Poets,songwriters and politicians hate the idea,but for decades opinion-poll evidence has been

37、 clear:money buys happiness and the richer you are,the more likely you are to express satisfaction with your life.Until now,a survey of43 countries 1 on October 30th by the Pew Research Centre of Washington,DC,shows that people in 2 markeis are expressing almost the same level of satisfaction as peo

38、ple in rich countries.It is the biggest 3 to the standard view of happiness and income seen 4.The Pew poll asks respondents to 5,on a scale from zero to ten,how good their lives are.（Those who say between seven and ten are counted as 6.）In 2007,57%of respondents in rich countries put themselves in t

39、he top four tiers;in emerging markets the 7 was 33%;in poor countries only 16%-a classic 8 0f the standard view.But in 2014,540/o of rich-country respondents counted themselves as happy,whereas in emerging markets the percentage 9 t0 51%.This was happening just at a time when emerging marketschances

40、 of converging economically 10 the West seemed to be 11.Rich countries did not experience 12 declines in happiness.The decreases in America and Britain were tiny（a single percentage point）,13 the share of h8ppy Gennans rose 13 points.A large drop in formerly joyful Spain ensured a modest overaU decl

41、ine for the rich.14 the convcrgence happened 15 huge improvements in countries such as Indonesia and Pakistan.In 12 of the 24 emerging markets,half or more people 16 their life satisfaction in the top tiers of the ladder.This is not t0 17 the link between income and satrsfaction has been snapped.Poo

42、r countries still 18:only a quarter of the people there are in the happy tiers-half the level of the othertwo groups.There is 19 a clear link between happiness and income growth.Chinas GDP rose at an annual average rate of 10%in 2007-2014 and its happiness level rose 26 points.20 countries,richer pe

43、ople express more satisfaction than their poorer neighbours.11选？A.recedingB.recoveringC.relievingD.retiring答案：A 本题解析：词汇辨析题。Areceding;衰退；Brecovering恢复；Crelieving减轻；Dretinng退休。该句the West seemed to be 11与上文emerging markets形成对比，与emerging“新兴的”相对立的自然是receding“衰退的”；且下文的rich countries.declinethe decreases i

44、n American and Britain等信息也暗示我们：发达国家出现了退化。综上本题选择A。7. 问答题：（）It is easy to underestimate English writer James Heriot.He had such a pleasant,readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it.How many times have I heard people say“I could write a book.I just havent the time.”Easily said.No

45、t so easily done.James Herriot,contrary to pupular opinion,did not find it easy in his early days of,as he put it,“having a go at the writing game”.While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent,the final,polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practising,re-writing

46、 and reading.Like the majority of authors,he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way,but these made him all the more determined to succeed.Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.答案： 本题解析：我们很容易低估英国作家吉米哈利。他的

47、作品秉承一种令人愉快的，易读的风格，以至于有人认为任何人都可以模仿。很多次我听到人们说：“我能写一本书，我只是没有时间。”说来容易，做来难。与大家所想的相反，早年吉米哈利发现写作并非易事，正如他所言“尝试写作游戏”。尽管很显然他极具写作天赋，但他呈现给世界的最终出版作品也是历经多年练习，重写与阅读的结果。与大多数作家一样，一路走来，他经历了多次的失望与拒绝，但这一切使他更坚定了获得成功的决心。他生命中获得的成就源于他的艰苦努力，他在文学领域的成功绝非偶然。8. 问答题：American workers have had no news tbis good for years.In June e

48、mployers 8dded 288,000 jobs,bringing the total for the year t0 1.4 million,the best six-month stretch since 2006.Unemployment has sunk t0 6.1%,the lowest rate in almost six years.It could hiL levels long regarded asfull employmentwithin a year.Help-wanted signs are exploding,with vacancies up by 20q

49、o since January.Such a prosperous labour market is usually the token of a booming economy.NoL now.In the first quarter gross domestic product feU by 2.9%at an annual rate,Lhe worst showing since the recession.This was a result in part of bad weather.Yet the second quarter will only be strong enough

50、to make up the ground lost in the first.Economists had thought 2014 would be the best year since the recession;with growth in the first half of around zero,it is shaping up to be the worst.答案： 本题解析：美国劳动者已经数年没有听到这样的好消息了。6月，雇主增加了28.8万个工作岗位，使全年工作岗位数量增加到140万，这个数量是自2006年以来在一个半年内增长得最多的一次。失业率下降到61%，几乎是6年来最

51、低。美国有望在一年内达到长期被关注的“全面就业”。招聘启事数量激增，自1月以来职位空缺数增加了20qo。这样兴旺的劳动力市场往往象征着经济繁荣。然而如今却不是。第一季度国内生产总值以2.9%的年率下降，这是自经济萧条以来最糟糕的表现。这有一部分是因为恶劣的天气所导致。而第二季度只足以弥补第一季度的损失。经济学家本以为2014年会成为经济萧条以来经济表现最佳的一年；而随着上半年经济增长接近为零，这一年正在成为经济最不景气的一年。9. 问答题：Nancy Liu amved in Sydney from China as askilled immigrantwith an economics de

52、gree 14 years ago.With her husband,she set up a business consultancy in the suburb in southem Sydney.However,Liu was only an epitome of thousands of Chinese investors.Since then,Chinese investment has transformed the city:many of its shop signs are now in Chinese.Ms Liu was a forerunner of a new wav

53、e of Chinese immigrants to Australias oldest and biggest city.Hong Kong once supplied most of Australias Chinese settlers,but over the past few years the pattern has shifted.Now it is the rising middle classes from other places of China who go there,looking for a more relaxed life style.About 4%of S

54、ydneys people were bom in China.Currendy,China has become Australias biggest trading partner,and its largest source of foreign students.答案： 本题解析：14年前，拥有经济学学位的刘南希作为“技术移民”从中国来到悉尼，与丈夫一起在悉尼南部郊区成立了一家商业咨询公司。然而，刘只是成千上万中国投资者的一个缩影。自那以后，中国投资改变了这座城市：如今许多商铺的标识都是中文。刘女士是前往澳洲历史最悠久也是最大城市的新一波中国移民潮的先行者。澳洲的中国移民一度以香港移民

55、为主，不过在过去几年中，这种模式已经悄然改变。如今新兴的中产阶级从中国的其他地方来到这里，寻求一种更轻松的生活方式。大约4%的悉尼人口出生在中国。目前，中国已成为澳洲最大的贸易伙伴，也是最大的留学生来源国。10. 问答题：You have lost your cellphone charger at the hotel where you stayed during your vacation.Write a letter to the hotel aboul your item left behind.You should write about 100 words neatly on th

56、e ANSWER SHEET Do not sign your own name.UseLi Minginstead.Do not write your address答案： 本题解析：Dear sir,IAst week our family had a wonderful time in your area,and stayed at your hotel during our time there.We have been home for two days,and I just realized that I had left my cellphone charger at your

57、hotel.I realize that it could have been easily overlooked and has since been thrown with the garbage.But if you have a Lost and Found,could you ask someone to check if it might have been placedthere?I dont think anyone will have trouble identifying it.Thank you for your lime and assistance with this matter.Regards,Li Ming