2022年考博英语-南开大学考前模拟强化练习题96（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-南开大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The actual cost of the building was much higher than our original （ ） .问题1选项A.considerationB.judgmentC.estimateD.plan【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。consideration“考虑;报酬”;judgment“判断, 辨别力”;estimate“估计, 判断”。句意:这座建筑物的实际成本比我们原来的估计高得多。选项C符合句意。2. 单选题Donations are needed to （ ） our chil

2、d-care programs.问题1选项A.implementB.validateC.strengthenD.approve【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。implement实施，实现；validate证实，确认；strengthen加强，巩固；approve批准，赞成。句意：实施我们的托儿所项目需要捐款。选项A符合句意。3. 单选题International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages（

3、 ）patriotism.问题1选项A.amiableB.obsoleteC.aggressiveD.harmonious【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。amiable“和蔼可亲的, 亲切的”;obsolete“废弃的, 老式的”;aggressive“侵略性的, 好斗的, 激进的, 有进取心的”;harmonious“和谐的, 和睦的”。句意:国际体育运动应该在各国之间建立友好关系, 但在现在的奥运会组织中, 某种程度上鼓励了激进的爱国主义。选项C符合语境。4. 单选题Plastic bags are useful for holding many kinds of food, （ ） t

4、heir cleanness, toughness, and low cost.问题1选项A.in addition toB.by virtue ofC.as opposed toD.for the sake of【答案】B【解析】介词短语含义辨析。in addition to“除.之外（还有, 也）”;by virtue of“由于, 凭借”;as opposed to“与截然相反, 对照”;for the sake of“为了, 为了的利益”。句意:塑料袋用来装各种食物很有用, 因为其卫生, 结实, 便宜。选项B符合语境。5. 单选题In that country, a person wh

5、o marries before legal age must have a parents （ ） to obtain a license.问题1选项A.warrantB.sanctionC.malignanceD.affirmation【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。warrant“证明, 正当理由”;sanction“认可, 支持;malignance“恶意, 恶性”;affirmation“主张, 肯定, 断言”。句意:在那个国家, 一个人在法定年龄前结婚的话必须得到父母的认可才能领证。选项B符合句意。6. 单选题He soon regained his self-confidence

6、 for he found himself （ ） to others in many respects.问题1选项A.betterB.worseC.superiorD.inferior【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。句意：他很快恢复了自信，因为他发现自己在许多方面都比别人优秀。根据介词to可首先排除选项A和B，根据句意可知选项C正确。7. 单选题The American baby boom after the war made unconvincing U. S. advice to poor countries that they restrain their births. Howev

7、er, there has hardly been a year since 1957 in which birth rates have not fallen in the United States and other rich countries, and in 1976 the fall was especially sharp. Both East Germany and West Germany have fewer births than they have deaths, and the United States is only temporarily able to avo

8、id this condition because the children of the baby boom are now an exceptionally large group of married couples.It is true that Americans do not typically plan their births to set an example for developing nations. We are more affected by womens liberation: once women see interesting and well-paid j

9、obs are careers available, they are less willing to provide free labor for child raising. From costing nothing, children suddenly come to seem impossibly expensive. And to the high cost of children are added the uncertainties, introduced by divorce; couples are increasingly unwilling to subject chil

10、dren to the terrible experience of marital breakdown and themselves to the difficulty of raising a child alone.These circumstanceswomen working outside the home and the instability of marriage一tend to spread with industrial society and they will affect more and more countries in the near future. Alo

11、ng with them goes social mobility, ambition to rise in the urban world, a main factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the 19th century.Food shortage will happen again when the reserves resulting from the good harvests of 1998 and 1999 have been consumed. Urbanization is likely to continue,

12、with the cities of the developing nations struggling under the weight of twice their present populations by the year 2010. The presently rich countries are approaching a stable population largely because of the changed place of women, and they incidentally are setting an example of restraint to the

13、rest of the world. Industrial society will spread to the poor countries, and aspiration will exceed resources. All this will lead to a population in the new century that is smaller than was feared a few years ago. For those anxious to see world population brought under control, the news is encouragi

14、ng.1.What influences the birth rate most in the United States is （ ） .2.The sentence “From costing nothing, children suddenly come to seem impossibly expensive” implies that （ ） .3.A chief factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the 19th century is （ ） .4.The population in the new century, a

15、ccording to the writer, （ ） .问题1选项A.highly paid jobsB.womens desire for independenceC.expenses of child raisingD.high divorce rate问题2选项A.food and clothing for babies are becoming incredibly expensiveB.prices are going up dramatically all the timeC.to raise children women have to give up interesting

16、and well-paid jobsD.social development has made child-raising inexpensive问题3选项A.birth controlB.the desire to seek fortune in citiesC.the instability of marriageD.the changed place of women问题4选项A.will be smaller than a few years agoB.will not be as small as people expectC.will prove to be a threat to

17、 the worldD.will not continue as serious a problem as expected【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D【解析】1.信息推断题。根据第二段第二句“We are more affected by womens liberation: . provide free labor for child raising.”美国出生率受到妇女解放的影响:一旦妇女有了有趣的高薪工作，她们就不太愿意为抚养孩子付出免费的劳动力了。选项B符合原文。2.信息推断题。上一句提到，一旦妇女有了有趣的高薪工作，她们就不太愿意为抚养孩子付出免费的劳动力了。由

18、此可以推断，抚养孩子从零成本似乎变成了高成本，是因为女性为了抚养孩子而放弃高薪工作所付出了昂贵的代价，这里并不是说抚养孩子的成本高。所以选项C符合原文。3.事实细节题。根据第三段最后一句“Along with them . in Europe in the 19th century.”社会流动性，以及在城市里发展提升的抱负，是19世纪欧洲出生率下降的一个主要因素。选项B符合原文。4.事实细节题。根据最后一段的内容可知，目前富裕的国家由于妇女地位改变而人口趋于稳定，为世界其他地区树立了榜样，工业社会也将蔓延到贫穷国家，所有的这些都将导致新世纪的人口比几年前的要少。潜在意思是说，新世纪的人口问题不

19、会像预期的那样严重。选项D相对于选项A来说，更为恰当。8. 单选题I took someone elses book（ ）mistake.问题1选项A.inB.forC.withD.by【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。by mistake为固定短语, 意为“错误地, 由于差错”。句意:由于差错, 我拿了别人的书。所以选项D正确。9. 单选题Mary didnt openly attack the plan, but her opposition was（ ）in her failure to say anything in support of it.问题1选项A.explicitB.implic

20、itC.internalD.immortal【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。explicit“明确的，清楚的，直率的”；implicit“含蓄的，暗示的，盲从的”；internal“内部的，内在的”；immortal“不朽的，长生的”。句意：Mary没有公开抨击这项计划，但是她反对的态度含蓄的体现在她没有说任何支持它的话。选项B符合句意。10. 单选题They had planned to go outing this weekend, but they finally had to （ ） it because of the rainy weather.问题1选项A.cancelB.eli

21、minateC.delayD.prolong【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。cancel“取消, 撤销”;eliminate“消除, 排除”;delay“延期, 耽搁”;prolong“延长, 拖延”。句意:他们原计划这个周末去郊游, 但由于下雨, 最后不得不取消了。选项A符合句意。11. 单选题Crisis would be the right term to describe the （ ） in many animal species.问题1选项A.minimizationB.restrictionC.descentD.decline【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。minimizatio

22、n最小化；restriction限制；descent下降；decline衰退。既然是危机，表示事态比较严重，所以用衰退来形容许多动物物种最为恰当。选项D正确。12. 单选题The consolidation of the crumbling walls and towers has been carried out in （ ） with a program agreed with by the Department of the Environment.问题1选项A.caseB.accordanceC.placeD.charge【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。in accordance with

23、为固定搭配，表示“依照，与.一致”。13. 单选题Anyone who trains animals recognizes that human and animal perceptual capacities are different. For most humans, seeing is believing, although we do occasionally brood about whether we can believe our eyes. The other senses are largely ancillary; most of us do not know how w

24、e might go about either doubting or believing our noses. But for dogs, scenting is believing. A dogs nose is to ours as the wrinkled surface of our complex brain is to the surface of an egg. A dog who did comparative psychology might easily worry about our consciousness or lack thereof, just as we w

25、orry about the consciousness of a squid.We who take sight for granted can draw pictures of scent, but we have no language for doing it the other way about, no way to represent something visually familiar by means of actual scent. Most humans cannot know, with their limited noses, what they can imagi

26、ne about being deaf, blind, mute, or paralyzed. The sighted can, for example, speak of a blind person as “in the darkness,” but there is no corollary expression for what it is that we are in relationship to scent. If we tried to coin words, we might come up with something like “scent-blind.” But wha

27、t would it mean? It couldnt have the sort of meaning that “color-blind” and “tone-deaf” do, because most of us have experienced what “tone” and “color” mean in those expressions, but we dont know what “scent” means in the expression “scent-blind.” Scent for many of us can be only a theoretical, tech

28、nical expression that we use because our grammar requires that we have a noun to go in the sentences we are prompted to utter about animals, tracking. We dont have a sense of scent. What we do have is a sense of smellfor Thanksgiving dinner and skunks and a number of things we call chemicals.So if F

29、ido and I are sitting on the terrace, admiring the view, we inhabit worlds with radically different principles of phenomenology. Say that the wind is to our backs. Our world lies all before us, within a 180 degree angle. The dogswell, we dont know, do we?He sees roughly the same things that I see bu

30、t he believes the scents of the garden behind us. He marks the path of the black-and white cat as she moves among the roses in search of the bits of chicken sandwich I let fall as I walked from the house to our picnic spot. I can show that Fido is alert to the kitty, but not how, for my picture-maki

31、ng modes of thought too easily supply falsifyingly literal representations of the cat and the garden and their modes of being hidden from or revealed to me.1.The phrase “The other senses are largely ancillary” (Paragraph 1) is used by the author to suggest that（ ）.2.The example in the last paragraph

32、 suggests that “principles of phenomenology” mentioned in Paragraph 3 can best be defined as（ ）.3.The missing phrase in the incomplete sentence “The dogswell, we dont know, do we?” refers to （ ） .4.The example in the last paragraph is used to illustrate how（ ）.问题1选项A.only those events experienced di

33、rectly can be appreciated by the sensesB.for many human beings the sense of sight is the primary means of knowing about the worldC.smell is in many respects a more powerful sense than sightD.people rely on at least one of their other senses in order to confirm with what they see问题2选项A.rules one uses

34、 to determine the philosophical truth about a certain thingB.behaviors caused by certain kinds of perceptionC.ways and means of knowing about somethingD.effect of single individuals perception on what others believe问题3选项A.color blindnessB.perception of the worldC.concern for our perceptionD.depth pe

35、rception问题4选项A.a dogs perception differs from a humansB.people fear nature but animals are part of itC.a dogs ways of seeing are superior to a catsD.phenomenology is universal and constant【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。根据上文“For most humans, seeing is believing, although we do occasionally brood

36、 about whether we can believe our eyes.”对大多数人来说，眼见为实，尽管我们偶尔会思考是否能相信自己的眼睛。然后作者紧接着提及“other senses are large ancillary”其他感官主要是辅助。由此可知，作者是主要是强调，视觉是认识世界的主要方式，选项B正确。2.信息推理题。最后一段作者将自己和狗狗进行对比，虽然他们看到的世界是大致相同的，但狗狗还可以通过嗅觉感知周围的世界，而人类主要是依靠视觉，这说明“现象学原理”指的是一种了解某事的方式和方法。选项C正确。3.信息推断题。根据上文“Say that the wind is to ou

37、r backs. Our world lies all before us, within a 180 degree angle.”风吹到我们的背上，世界平行的呈现在我们面前。这是我们感知世界的一种方式，而狗狗同样也能以这种方式感知到世界，所以选项B符合原文。4.信息归纳题。根据最后一段的内容可知，狗狗可以通过嗅觉标记出猫在花园中寻找食物的路径，而作者只能通过视觉来寻找。由此可知，说明狗与人感知世界的方式是不同的。选项A符合原文。14. 单选题The normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep alternat

38、ing with some 16-17 hours wakefulness. Broadly speaking, the sleep hours normally （ ） with the hours of darkness.问题1选项A.conformB.coincideC.collideD.comply【答案】B【解析】动词词组辨析。conform with符合，与.一致；coincide with符合，与.一致（强调时间上的一致性）；collide with冲突；comply with遵守。句意：人类正常的日常活动周期是7-8小时的睡眠和16-17小时的清醒交替进行。广义上说，睡眠时间通

39、常与黑暗的时间相一致。选项B正确。15. 单选题Honesty no longer seems to be the best policy with telling of lies becoming a common part of our daily lives. A new research by a psychologist has revealed that most people lie in everyday conversation when they are trying to appear likable and competent.（1） “ People tell a c

40、onsiderable number of lies in everyday conversation. It was a very surprising result. We didnt expect lying to be such a part of daily conversation,” said Robert Feldman.The study also found that lies told by men and women differ in content, though not in quantity. （2） “Women were more likely to lie

41、 to make the person they were talking to feel good, while men lied most often to make themselves look better,” Feldman noted.As part of the study, a group of 121 pairs of undergraduate students were recruited to participate. （3） Participants were unaware that the session was being videotaped. At the

42、 end of the session, the students were then asked to watch the video of them and identify any inaccuracies in what they had said during the conversation. They were encouraged to identify all lies, no matter how big or small.Feldman said the students who participated in the study were surprised at th

43、eir own results. “When they were watching themselves on videotape, people found themselves lying much more than they thought they had, ” Feldman said. The lies the students told varied considerably. （4） Others were more extreme, such as falsely claiming to be the star of a rock band.“Its so easy to

44、lie,” Feldman said. “We teach our children to be honest, but we also tell them its polite to pretend they like a birthday gift theyve been given. （5） .”问题1选项A.The results showed that men do not lie more than women or vice versa, but they lie in different ways.B.Kids get a very mixed message regardin

45、g the practical aspects of lying, and it has an impact on how they behave as adults.C.Some were relatively minor, such as agreeing with the person that they liked someone when they did not.D.They were told that the purpose of the study was to examine how people interact when they meet someone new.E.

46、We are told it is a fact that both adults and children lie many times a day.F.The study, published in the Journal of Basic and Applied Social Psychology, found that 60 percent of people lied at least once during a 10-minute conversation and told an average of two to three lies.G.Anyway, the knowledg

47、e that we are all capable of lying makes it really hard to trust people when they tell you things.问题2选项A.The results showed that men do not lie more than women or vice versa, but they lie in different ways.B.Kids get a very mixed message regarding the practical aspects of lying, and it has an impact

48、 on how they behave as adults.C.Some were relatively minor, such as agreeing with the person that they liked someone when they did not.D.They were told that the purpose of the study was to examine how people interact when they meet someone new.E.We are told it is a fact that both adults and children

49、 lie many times a day.F.The study, published in the Journal of Basic and Applied Social Psychology, found that 60 percent of people lied at least once during a 10-minute conversation and told an average of two to three lies.G.Anyway, the knowledge that we are all capable of lying makes it really har

50、d to trust people when they tell you things.问题3选项A.The results showed that men do not lie more than women or vice versa, but they lie in different ways.B.Kids get a very mixed message regarding the practical aspects of lying, and it has an impact on how they behave as adults.C.Some were relatively m

51、inor, such as agreeing with the person that they liked someone when they did not.D.They were told that the purpose of the study was to examine how people interact when they meet someone new.E.We are told it is a fact that both adults and children lie many times a day.F.The study, published in the Jo

52、urnal of Basic and Applied Social Psychology, found that 60 percent of people lied at least once during a 10-minute conversation and told an average of two to three lies.G.Anyway, the knowledge that we are all capable of lying makes it really hard to trust people when they tell you things.问题4选项A.The

53、 results showed that men do not lie more than women or vice versa, but they lie in different ways.B.Kids get a very mixed message regarding the practical aspects of lying, and it has an impact on how they behave as adults.C.Some were relatively minor, such as agreeing with the person that they liked

54、 someone when they did not.D.They were told that the purpose of the study was to examine how people interact when they meet someone new.E.We are told it is a fact that both adults and children lie many times a day.F.The study, published in the Journal of Basic and Applied Social Psychology, found th

55、at 60 percent of people lied at least once during a 10-minute conversation and told an average of two to three lies.G.Anyway, the knowledge that we are all capable of lying makes it really hard to trust people when they tell you things.问题5选项A.The results showed that men do not lie more than women or

56、 vice versa, but they lie in different ways.B.Kids get a very mixed message regarding the practical aspects of lying, and it has an impact on how they behave as adults.C.Some were relatively minor, such as agreeing with the person that they liked someone when they did not.D.They were told that the p

57、urpose of the study was to examine how people interact when they meet someone new.E.We are told it is a fact that both adults and children lie many times a day.F.The study, published in the Journal of Basic and Applied Social Psychology, found that 60 percent of people lied at least once during a 10

58、-minute conversation and told an average of two to three lies.G.Anyway, the knowledge that we are all capable of lying makes it really hard to trust people when they tell you things.【答案】第1题:F第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.根据上文提到的研究以及第三段首句“The study also found that.”可推测, 填空处的内容应该也是描述这项研究的一些发现。所以选项F正确。2.根据

59、上句, 研究还发现, 男性和女性说谎的内容不同, 但数量没什么不同。而填空处下文描述的是男性和女性撒谎的不同方式。结合上下文, 选项A能起到连接上下文的作用, 所以正确。3.上句提到, 作为研究的一部分, 研究人员招募了121对本科生参与其中。下文也都是和研究相关的内容, 而剩下的选项中和研究相关的只有选项D。4.根据下文的“Others were more extreme, .”可推测, 这里是研究结果进行比较, 所以前面应该是“Some were.”, 选项C符合原文语境。5.根据上文, 我们教孩子们要诚实, 但我们也告诉他们, 假装他们喜欢别人送给他们的生日礼物是有礼貌的。由此可知, 孩

60、子们得到的关于说谎的实际方面的信息非常复杂, 这对他们成年后的行为是有影响的。所以选项B符合原文语境。16. 单选题The manufacturer was forced to return the money to the consumers under （ ） of law.问题1选项A.guidelineB.definitionC.constraintD.identity【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。guideline“指导方针”;definition“定义, 解说”;constraint“约束, 强制”;identity“身份, 特性, 一致”。句意:生产商迫于法律的约束不得不把钱退

61、还给客户。选项C符合句意。17. 单选题Recently the newspapers have reported several （ ） on the boundaries of Israel and Jordan.问题1选项A.accidentsB.incidentsC.eventsD.happenings【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。accidents“意外事故, 交通事故”；incidents“事件，事变”；events“大事件，项目”；happenings“意外发生的事”。句意：最近，报纸报道了几起发生在以色列和约旦边境上的事件。首先可排除选项A和D；选项B含有“事变”的意思，更符

62、合语境，所以正确。18. 单选题The doctors are very much worried about the（ ） of the patients condition after operation.问题1选项A.dispositionB.deliberationC.deteriorationD.diversion【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。disposition“处置, 性情”;deliberation“审议, 考虑”;deterioration“恶化, 退化”;diversion“消遣, 转移注意力”。句意:医生非常担心病人手术后情况会恶化。选项C符合句意。19. 单选题At Wembley, the home of football, countless thousands o