2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考前模拟强化练习题4（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Britains hope of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered（ ） yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualify during preliminary session.问题1选项A.a severe set-backB.sharp set-backC.a severe blown-upD.sharp blown-up【答案】A【解析】set-back阻碍，停止，为名词，前面需加冠词a，排除选项B；blown-up放大的，膨胀的

2、，为形容词，不用冠词a修饰，排除选项C。句意：当Hunter在预赛中未能晋级，英国在奥运会上夺冠的希望昨日遭遇严重挫折。选项A更符合语境。2. 单选题The cultures of China and Japan have shared many features, but each has used them according to its national（ ）. 问题1选项A.personalityB.temperamentC.interestD.destiny【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。句意：中日两国文化有许多共同的特点，但两国都根据各自的国情发挥了这些特点。National tem

3、perament指“国情”，为常用搭配。选项B正确。3. 单选题It is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in pay, stock options, and bonuses. In the last fifteen years, while executive remuneration rose, taxes in the highest income bracket went down. Millionaires are now commonplace.Amiability is

4、 not a prerequisite for rising to the top, and there are a number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers. It is not the bosss job to worry about the well-being of his subordinates although the man with many enemies will be swept out more quickly in hard times; it is the company he wo

5、rries about. His business savvy is supposed to be based on intimate knowledge of his company and the industry, so he goes home nightly with a full briefcase. At the very topand on the way upexecutives are exceedingly dedicated.The American executive must be capable of enough small talk to get him th

6、rough the social part of his schedule, but he is probably not a highly cultured individual or an intellectual. Although his wife may be on the board of the symphony or opera, he himself has little time for such pursuits. His reading may largely concern business and management, despite interests in o

7、ther fields. Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful socializing.These days, he probably attempts some form of aerobic exercise to “keep the old heart in shape” and for the same reason goes easy on butter and alcohol, and substances thought to contribute to taking hig

8、hly stressed executives out of the running. But his doctors admonition to “take it easy” falls on deaf ears. He likes to work. He knows there are younger men nipping at his heels.Corporate head-hunting, carried on by “executive search firms”, is a growing industry. America has great faith in individ

9、ual talent, and dynamic and aggressive executives are so in demand that companies regularly raid each others managerial ranks.1.We can infer from the second paragraph that（ ）. 2.The term “aerobic exercise” (first line in second last paragraph) is a kind of（ ）. 3.From the last paragraph we can gather

10、 that （ ）.4.For executives, according to the article, a golf course is a place where （ ） .5.What is NOT true according to the article?问题1选项A.promotion depends on amiabilityB.chief executives do not work hard enough at the top levelC.it is the duty of the chief executive to look after the well-being

11、of his subordinatesD.a chief executive is expected to know more about his company and the industry问题2选项A.hallucination exerciseB.physical exerciseC.meditation exerciseD.entertainment问题3选项A.there are too many aggressive executivesB.individual talent is not essential for a companyC.the job of an “exec

12、utive search firm” is corporate head-huntingD.it is not common for companies to undermine each others managerial ranks问题4选项A.they can conduct their businessB.they can indulge themselvesC.they can cultivate their mindD.they can exercise as well as socialize问题5选项A.Executives tend to ignore doctors adv

13、ice and warnings.B.Executives are sensitive to pressure from the younger generation.C.All chief executives can earn millions of dollars a year.D.Executives are careful of what they eat.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节推理题。根据第二段的内容可知，选项A, B, C均表述错误；只有选项D符合原文。2.语义辨析题。根据原文句意可知，这种运动能够“保持心脏健康”，由此可推测这

14、是一种身体的锻炼，选项中只有选项B正确。3.细节判断题。根据最后一段首句“Corporate head-hunting, carried on by “executive search firms”, is a growing industry.”可知选项C与原文相符。4.细节判断题。根据关键词“golf”定位到第三段最后一句“Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful socializing.”高尔夫不仅提供了一个运动的场所，还结合了一些有用的社交活动。选项D符合原文。5.细节判断题。根据第一

15、段第一句“It is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in pay, stock options, and bonuses.”高管们每年通过薪酬、股票期权和奖金能获得数百万美元，这并不罕见。原文并没说所有的主管都年入百万，选项C表述太绝对，所以不正确。4. 单选题Tony has not the least （ ） of giving up his research work.问题1选项A.intentionB.interestC.wishD.desire【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析

16、。句意：Tony丝毫没有放弃其研究工作的打算。选项A符合语境。5. 单选题Evidence, reference, and footnotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous researcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different theoretical and political positions.问题1选项A.trustworthyB.intelligentC.diligentD.meticulous【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。scrupulous指小

17、心谨慎的。trustworthy 可靠的，可信赖的；intelligent聪明的；diligent用功的，费尽心思的；meticulous小心翼翼的。选项D与划线部分意思最为接近。6. 单选题Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his（ ）to a certain book or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied.问题1选项A.reactionB.commentC.impressionD.comprehension【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。rea

18、ction to对.的反应，对.的看法或意见；选项B一般与on搭配；选项C和D一般与of搭配。句意：有时，学生可能会被要求写他对某本书或某篇与正在研究的主题有关的文章的看法。选项A符合语境。7. 单选题Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of zoo or wildlife（ ） for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while w

19、e observe them.问题1选项A.conservationB.maintenanceC.storageD.reserve【答案】D【解析】固定用法。wildlife reserve指野生动物保护区。所以选项D正确。8. 单选题There is（ ） conflicting information on how much iron women need in their diet.问题1选项A.so muchB.so manyC.too fewD.a few【答案】A【解析】information是不可数名司，只有选项A后面接不可数名词。9. 单选题According to the l

20、atest report, consumer confidence（ ） a breathtaking 15 points last month, to its lowest level in ten years.问题1选项A.soaredB.mutatedC.plummetedD.fluctuated【答案】C【解析】soared飙升；mutated突变，变异；plummeted骤然下跌；fluctuated波动。根据下句“lowest level in ten years”可推测，这里指下跌，所以选项C符合语境。10. 单选题Our new firm （ ） for a credible,

21、 aggressive individual with great skills to fill this position.问题1选项A.have lookedB.are lookingC.is lookingD.look【答案】C【解析】句意：我们的新公司正在寻找一个可靠的、有进取心的、有很强技能的人来填补这个职位。填空处应填入单数谓语动词，选项C符合语境。11. 单选题In general, the（ ）amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total for living

22、expenses.问题1选项A.acceptableB.advisableC.availableD.applicable【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。句意：一般来说，学生在住房上的开支应控制在生活费总额的五分之一以内。根据句意可知，这里指可用的费用，选项B更符合句意。12. 翻译题但是，对于所有的正在进行的激动人心的工作而言，科学远没有达到一个能塑造完美的人或者甚至一个完美的番茄的美好新世界的境地。在基因治疗普及之前，仍然需要做大量研究。如果许多疾病真的可以治疗的话，那将花上数十年的时间。就短期而言，基因筛选将是运用新技术的最可行的办法。医生们能在治疗各种DNA缺陷之前检测到它们。在某些情

23、况下，这些信息可以延缓疾病的发作或是减轻它的病症。例如，一个有着遗传性易患心脏病体质的人可以进行低脂肪的饮食。如果科学家由于制造一种重要蛋白质的基因存在缺陷从而导致这种蛋白质失去的话，也许科学家就可以给这位病人提供人工蛋白质。然而，在其他的情况下，对于阻止由于基因突变而导致的不幸几乎无能为力。【答案】For all the fevered work being done, however, science is still far away from the Brave New World vision of engineering a perfect human or even a perf

24、ect tomato. Much more research is needed before gene therapy becomes commonplace, and many diseases will take decades to conquer, if they can be conquered at all.In the short run, the most practical way to use the new technology will be in genetic screening. Doctors will be able to detect all sorts

25、of flaws in DNA long before they can be fixed. In some cases the knowledge may lead to treatments that delay the onset of the disease or soften its effects. Someone with a genetic predisposition to heart disease, for example, could follow a low-fat diet. And if scientists determine that a vital prot

26、ein is missing because the gene that was supposed to make it is defective, they might be able to give the patient an artificial version of the protein. But in other instances, almost nothing can be done to stop the ravages brought on by genetic mutations.13. 单选题To us it seems so natural to put up an

27、 umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against rain. Its first use was as a shade against the sun.Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese in the

28、 eleventh century B. C.We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honor and authority. In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in

29、high offices.In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first person in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against rain were the ancient Romans.During the Middle Ages, the use of the

30、umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again it was considered a symbol of power and authority. By 1680, the umbrella appeared in France and later on in England.By the eighteenth century, the umbrella was used against rain throughout most

31、 of Europe. Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasnt until the twentieth century that womens umbrellas began to be made in a whole variety of colors.1.The first use of umbrella was as （ ） .2.（ ）were the people who first u

32、sed umbrella.3.The umbrella was used only by royalty or by those in high offices （ ）.4.According to the passage, which of the following is not true?5.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?问题1选项A.protection against rainB.a shade against the sunC.a symbol of powerD.a symbol of honor问

33、题2选项A.ChineseB.RomansC.GreeksD.Egyptians问题3选项A.in Europe in the 18th centuryB.in ancient Egypt and BabylonC.in the Far East in ancient timesD.during the Middle Ages问题4选项A.Women enjoy using umbrellas with varied kinds of colors nowadays.B.The inventor of the umbrella is unknown.C.Once ordinary people

34、 had no right to use umbrellas.D.Umbrellas were popular and cheap in ancient times.问题5选项A.When Was the Umbrella Invented?B.The History of UmbrellaC.UmbrellaA Symbol of HonorD.Who Used Umbrella First?【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段最后一句“Its first use was as a shade against the sun.”可知选项

35、B与原文描述一致。2.细节事实题。根据第二段的内容可知，最早使用伞的是中国人，选项A正确。3.细节事实题。根据第三段最后一句“In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high offices.”可知选项C与原文一致。4.细节判断题。根据原文第三段可知，在古代远东地区只有皇族或高官才能使用伞，由此可以推断伞并不便宜，所以选项D错误。5.主旨题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲述伞的历史。选项B正确。14. 单选题All of the in

36、ternational delegates attending the conference（ ） to bring a souvenir from their own countries.问题1选项A.has askedB.is askingC.were askedD.was asking【答案】C【解析】本句主语为“delegates”，所以谓语动词应为复数形式。选项C正确。15. 单选题Melissa is a computer （ ）that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around th

37、e world.问题1选项A.geniusB.virusC.diseaseD.bacteria【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析和上下文语义。根据下句“destroyed files in computers”可推测Melissa是一种计算机病毒，选项B符合语境。16. 单选题Advocates of private school argue that education in one of these facilities is more valuable and（ ） than any other educational opportunity.问题1选项A.awardedB.awarding

38、C.rewardedD.rewarding【答案】D【解析】形近词辨析。根据句意可知，填空处应填入形容词，只有选项D是形容词，所以正确。17. 单选题In 1987, H.I.V/AIDS joined a list of diseases that could keep a person out of the United States. The government later tried to cancel, its decision, but congress made the travel ban a part of immigration law. People with H.I.

39、V., the virus that causes AIDS, could seek an exception, but that meant extra work.Last year, Congress and President George W. Bush began the process of ending the travel ban. Now President Obama is finishing the process.BARACK OBAMA : “We talk about reducing the stigma of this disease, yet we have

40、treated a visitor living with it as a threat. We lead the world when it comes to helping the AIDS pandemic, yet we are only a dozen countries that still bar people H.I.V. from entering our country.”A final rule published Monday will end the travel ban effective January fourth. H.I.V. will no longer

41、be a condition that can exclude people. And H.I.V. testing will no longer for those who need a medical examination for immigration purposes. AIDS has killed more than twenty-five people since the early 1980s.In September, there was news that a vaccine showed some ability to prevent H.I.V. infection

42、in humans for the first time. The full results of the vaccine study were presented in later October at an international conference in Paris. They were also reported in the New England Journal of Medicine. The researchers confirmed that the study in Thailand produced only “modest” results.The United

43、States Army sponsored the vaccine trial. The study combined two vaccines, using versions of H.I.V. common in Thailand. Neither vaccine alone had shown success in earlier studies.Thai researchers tested the combination in more than 16, 000 volunteers. Half of the volunteers got the vaccine. The other

44、s got a placebo, an inactive substance. All were given condoms and counseling on AIDS prevention for three years. The study found 31 percent fewer cases of infection in the vaccine group than in the placebo group.But critics said the findings could possibly have resulted from chance. The announcemen

45、t in September was based on all 16, 000 volunteers. Almost one-third of them, however didnt follow all the required steps in the study. Results just from those who did were similar to the larger group, but the influence of chance is way more of a possibility.Still, the researchers said the study pro

46、duced enough valuable information to offer new hopes for AIDS research.1.According to the article,（ ）did not want people with H. I. V. virus to seek entry to America twenty years ago.2.According to this article, it was（ ）who sponsored that medical experiment to find vaccine for H. I. V. carriers.3.F

47、rom the article we can infer that 8,000 volunteers in（ ）were given the vaccine.4.According to the article, which one of the following statements is true?5.According to the critics, the findings of the test（ ）.问题1选项A.George BushB.ObamaC.the CongressD.the Senate问题2选项A.the Thai GovernmentB.the French G

48、overnmentC.the scientist from New EnglandD.the United States Army问题3选项A.ThailandB.the United States of AmericaC.FranceD.Canada问题4选项A.America was the only country that prevented people with H. I. V. from entering the country.B.Only a few countries refused to issue entry visa to people with H. I. V.C.

49、The conference held in Paris was on AIDS prevention.D.The vaccine test conducted in Thailand produced important results.问题5选项A.has produced enough valuable informationB.should not be taken seriouslyC.has produced reliable statisticsD.has paved a solid foundation for further research【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题

50、:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段第二句“The government later tried to cancel, its decision, but congress made the travel ban a part of immigration law.”政府后来试图取消这一规定，但国会将旅行禁令作为移民法的一部分。由此可知，选项C正确。2.事实细节题。根据第六段第一句“The United States Army sponsored the vaccine trial.”美国军方赞助了疫苗试验。由此可知，选项D正确。3.事实细节题。根据第七段的一二句“Tha

51、i researchers tested the combination in more than 16, 000 volunteers. Half of the volunteers got the vaccine. The others got a placebo.”泰国研究人员对1.6万多名志愿者进行了测试。一半的志愿者接种了疫苗。另一半则使用安慰剂。由此可知选项A正确。4.是非判断题。根据第三段最后一句“yet we are only a dozen countries that still bar people H.I.V. from entering our country.”我国

52、（美国）也是仅有的十几个禁止艾滋病人入境的国家之一。由此可知，选项A错误，选项B正确；根据第五段第二句“The full results of the vaccine study were presented in later October at an international conference in Paris.”可知，在巴黎举行的会议是公布研究结果而不是预防艾滋，所以选项C错误；根据第五段最后一句“The researchers confirmed that the study in Thailand produced onlymodestresults.”研究人员证实，在泰国进行

53、的这项研究只产生了“温和”的结果，所以选项D也错误。5.事实细节题。根据倒数第二段第一句“But critics said the findings could possibly have resulted from chance.”批评人士表示，这些发现可能是偶然的。选项B符合原文。18. 写作题Write an essay in no less than 200 words with the title “The Rise of Intellectual Property Protection”.【答案】The Rise of Intellectual Property Protectio

54、n19. 单选题A completely new situation is bound to （ ）when the examination system is introduced.问题1选项A.riseB.ariseC.raiseD.arouse【答案】B【解析】近义词辨析。句意：当考试制度被引入时，必然会出现一个全新的局面。arise没有“上升”之意，多指“产生、发生和出现”，常用于抽象事物。所以选项B正确。20. 单选题In November 1970 Yukio Mishima, together with some of his fanatical followers from t

55、he ultranationalistic Shield Society which he had founded in 1966, broke into the headquarters of Japans Eastern Defense Forces armed with swords and daggers, overpowered some aides, tied up the commanding general, and demanded that the troops be assembled to hear a speech. Mishima addressed the tro

56、ops for ten minutes, inciting them to rebel against the constitutional government imposed by the United States that had, in his words, “turned Japan spineless”. Receiving only ridicule in response, he returned to the generals office and there, before the generals unbelieving eyes, proceeded to kill

57、himself in strict accordance with the traditional samurai ritual of seppuku. After Mishima had driven a dagger deep into his left abdomen, one of his aides severed his head with a sword. The aide likewise killed himself and was beheaded; the others surrendered.In 1936 there had been a similar revolt

58、 and, though equally unsuccessful, it had foreshadowed the repressive regime of General Tojo that was to stage the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. That earlier revolt is the one referred to in Patriotism, one of Mishimas most powerful stories. Here life and fiction become joined. The act of seppuku

59、was for Mishima a fulfillment, “the ultimate dream of my life.” Born of an ancient samurai family, he longed to die a heros death in accordance with the ancient samurai code; but his weak body kept him from service in the war, and he had to compensate through body building (he became expert at karat

60、e and kendo) and, most important, through the discipline of writing. In his short lifetime he turned out twenty novels, thirty plays, many essays, and more than eighty stories: he also produced, directed, and acted in movies, and even sang on stage. His first book of stories, A Forest in Flower, app

61、eared in 1943, but it was Confession of a Mask (1948), dealing with the meditations of a young man of homosexual leanings in a repressive society, that brought him fame.Mishima has been called “Japans Hemingway,” while others have compared him to “aesthetic” writers like Walter Peter and Oscar Wilde

62、.1.The article implies that （ ） .2.The aim of the rebel led by Mishima was （ ）.3.In the 1970 rebel, the speech made by Mishima （ ） .4.What is true according to the article?5.Mishima became a well-known writer after he had （ ）.问题1选项A.Mishima refused to join the army when he was youngB.Mishima has been regarded as a lunatic writerC.Mishima is a person who is hard to defineD.critics all agree that Mishima is an aesthetic writer问题2选项A.to capture