2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考前模拟强化练习题34（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Sadly, as spending on private gardens has（ ）, spending on public parks has generally declined.问题1选项A.heightenedB.liftedC.flownD.soared【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项heighten“提高，升高”；B选项lift“举起，抬高”；C选项flow“流动，流通”；D选项soar“急升，激增”。句意：悲哀的是，随着私人花园的支出飙升，公共公园的支出普遍下降。填空处填入的应该是和decli

2、ned相反的单词，所以选项D符合语境。2. 翻译题没有一流的人文教育，我们就不可能有世界一流大学。要建好文科院系，也要抓好对全体学生的人文教育。不同学科要各按步伐，按各自的内在规律发展。“科学求真，人文求善，艺术求美”，达到真善美在学科层面的统一。我们是用世界上最少的钱，办了最大的教育。我一直坚信，到本世纪中叶，中国一定能够成为世界一流的教育大国！学校和教师的责任是真正发挥所有学生的潜能，使学生成长为既有宽厚基础、又有广阔视野，既有活生生的个性、又能团结他人、能够引领中国未来发展的精英人才。【答案】Without first-class liberal arts education, we c

3、annot have world-class universities. To build a good liberal arts colleges and departments, but also to pay attention to the humanities education of all students. Different disciplines should develop at their own pace and according to their own internal laws. Science seeks truth, humanity seeks good

4、ness, art seeks beauty, achieving the unity of truth, goodness and beauty at the discipline level. We got the biggest education in the world with the least money. I have always believed that by the middle of this century, China will become a world-class education country.It is the responsibility of

5、schools and teachers to truly give play to the potential of all students, so that students can grow into elites who have a generous foundation, broad vision, lively personality, unity with others, and can lead Chinas future development.3. 单选题Having gone through all kinds of hardships in life, he bec

6、ame a famous clown with a strong（ ）.问题1选项A.philosophyB.mannerC.personalityD.idealism【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项philosophy“哲学，哲理”；B选项manner“方式，习惯”；C选项personality“个性，品格”；D选项idealism“唯心主义”。句意：经历了生活中的种种艰辛，他成为了一个著名的有着明显个性的小丑。选项C符合语境。4. 单选题The filling station（ ）because there were too many others on the street.问题1

7、选项A.went underB.went throughC.fell outD.fell through【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项go under“破产，屈服”；B选项go through“参加，经受，仔细检查，通过”；C选项fell out“争吵”；D选项fell through“未能实现”。句意：这个加油站破产了，因为街上还有很多其他的加油站。选项A符合语境。5. 单选题We can begin our discussion of “population as a global issue” with what most person mean when they discus

8、s “the population problem”: too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year. The facts are not in dispute. It was quite right to employ a similar matter that linked demographic (人口统计学) growth to “a long, thin power fuse that burns steadily from time to time until it f

9、inally reaches the limit, and explodes”.To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to understand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic hist

10、ory. We find that population have been really stable or growing very slightly for most of human history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, often nasty, and very short. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, where infancy and childhood

11、 were especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birth rates. Thus, the population problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race.This pattern is important to know. Not only does it put the

12、current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high rate of death.Demographic histor

13、y can be divided into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which extended from about 8000 B.C. till approximately 1650 A.D. And a period of rapid growth since 1650. In the first period of some 9,600 years, the population increased form some 8 million to 500 million in 1650. Between 1650 an

14、d the present, the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And it is estimated that by the year 2020 there will be 8 billion people throughout the world. One way to appreciate this dramatic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to something that is

15、 more manageable. Between 8000 B.C. and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the worlds population each year. At present, this number is added every six hours. The increase is about 80,000,000 persons annually.1. According to the passage, “population as a global issue”

16、 （ ）.2. It can be inferred from the example of a power fuse that（ ）.3. What leads to a stable growth of population for most of human history?4. The reason for a rapid growth of population lies in the fact that（ ）.5. How many people are born every six hours at present, according to the author?问题1选项A.

17、is quite unlike the population problem and thus doesnt need our concernB.focuses on tracking down the reason of rapid population growthC.deals with the same problem aroused by the population problemD.will manage the population growth problem from global perspectives问题2选项A.too much population will on

18、e day lead to the doom of human beingsB.the trend of population growth will keep unsteady until the destruction of EarthC.demographic growth will follow a certain pattern of ups and downsD.it is likely in the near future that population will reduce gradually问题3选项A.Species competitionB.Low fertilityC

19、.Tribal fightsD.High rate of death问题4选项A.people are permitted to have more childrenB.people can live better than beforeC.newborn babies die less than beforeD.we have found the secret of longevity问题5选项A.Eighty million.B.Eight thousandC.Fifty thousandD.Five million【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.判断

20、推理题。原文首段第一句提及“We can begin our discussion of population as a global issue with what most person mean when they discuss the population problem 当大多数人在讨论人口问题的时候，我们也可以开始人口作为一个全球问题的讨论。”由此可知，这两个问题是一样的，都是由人口问题引发的，所以选项C正确。2.判断推理题。根据关键词“power fuse”定位到第一段最后一句“It was quite right to employ a similar matter that

21、 linked demographic growth to a long, thin power fuse that burns steadily from time to time until it finally reaches the limit, and explodes. 它很正确地使用了一个类似的问题，即把人口增长与一根又长又细的电源保险丝，它不时地稳定燃烧，直到最终达到极限并爆炸联系起来。”由此可知，作者是想通过电源保险丝的例子告诉我们，人口过多总有一天会导致人类的灭亡，所以选项A正确。3.细节事实题。根据第二段的倒数第三句“For most of human history,

22、it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, where infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. 在人类历史的大部分时间里，很少会有十分之一的人活过四十岁，而在这个时期，婴儿期和儿童期是特别危险的。”也就是说，导致人口稳定增长的原因是高死亡率，选项D符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第三段的内容：它不仅从历史的角度看待目前的人口增长问题，它表明了近年来人口快速增长的原因不是人们突然想要生更多的孩子，而是因为改善了传统上造成高死亡率的状况。由

23、此可知，人口快速增长的真正原因在于死亡率的改善，所以选项B符合题意。5.细节事实题。题干问的是“目前每六小时有多少人出生?”根据最后一段的最后三句“Between 8000 B.C. and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the worlds population each year. At present, this number is added every six hours. The increase is about 80,000,000 persons annually. 公元

24、前8000年1650年间，世界人口平均每年只增加5万人。目前，这个数字每六小时增加一次。每年大约增加8000万人。”由此可知，现在每六个小时有5万人出生，所以选项C正确。6. 单选题Some research workers completely（ ）all those facts as though they never existed.问题1选项A.ignoreB.leaveC.refuseD.miss【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项ignore“忽略”；B选项leave“离开”；C选项refuse“拒绝”；D选项miss“错过”。句意：有些研究人员完全忽略了所有的这些事实，就好像它

25、们根本不存在一样。选项A符合语境。7. 单选题Nobody would expect a city water system designed for 1 m residents to be able to handle a 1,000-fold increase in population in just a few years. Yet that is what the internets fundamental addressing scheme has had to accommodate. When the network was first established there we

26、re only a handful of computer centres in America. Instead of choosing a numbering system that could support a few thousand or million addresses, the internets designers foresightedly opted for one that could handle 4 billion. But now even that is not enough.The addressing system, called internet pro

27、tocol version 4 (IPv4), cannot keep up with the flood of computers, mobile phones, hand-held gadgets, games consoles and even cars and refrigerators flooding onto the network. Nearly 85% of available addresses are already in use; if this trend continues they will run out by 2011, the Organisation fo

28、r Economic Cooperation and Development, a think-tank for rich countries, warned in May.The shortage is not the only problem; so too is growing complexity. IPv4 addresses are allocated in blocks to network operators. The path to reach each network is published on a global list that is constantly upda

29、ted. Big computers, called routers, use these entries to guide the flow of traffic across the internet. But as more devices and networks link to the internet, it becomes necessary to subdivide the address blocks into ever-smaller units. This risks overtaxing the millions of routers that handle the i

30、nternets traffic, which must be regularly upgraded to keep up. Were there no alternative to IPv4, parts of the internet would eventually suffer from sporadic outages.Fortunately a new system does exist, called internet protocol version 6, which provides 3.4X1038 addresses. This means IPv6 addresses

31、can be allocated to network operators and companies in much larger quantities. It also provides a clean slate for establishing new paths over the internet, reducing complexity. But switching means upgrading millions of devices.In fact, support for IPv6 is already widely available in software and har

32、dware, but it has not been used much. Only a few research institutions and the American government took the IPv6 plunge early on. (In America all federal agencies must be capable of using IPv6 by June 30th 2008, by executive order.)But in recent months the pace of change has picked up. In February M

33、r Vixie, a network engineer, flipped a switch that means domain names can now map onto IPv6 addresses. This may herald more widespread adoption of the new protocol, since it means that any organisation can use IPv6 addresses with its domain names, and users can access them without special rigging.1.

34、From the first paragraph we may infer that the design of the internets fundamental addressing scheme is（ ）.2.According to the author, the addressing system IPv4（ ）.3.The potential problem with internet protocol version 4 today is that（ ）.4.It is implied that IPv6 addresses（ ）.5.Which of the followin

35、g may serve as the best title of the passage?问题1选项A.over-populatedB.very popularC.out of dateD.rather irrational问题2选项A.will run out by 2011B.cannot keep up with so much informationC.is over-loaded with too many functionsD.is damaged by a think-tank for rich countries问题3选项A.nearly 85% of available ad

36、dresses are already in useB.cars and refrigerators are flooding onto the networkC.it is growing into a kind of complexityD.there is a shortage of available addresses in the near future问题4选项A.are not very popular for some technical reasonsB.are produced in much larger quantitiesC.are upgrading millio

37、ns of devicesD.can be an alternative to IPv4问题5选项A.The internets fundamental addressing schemeB.The principle of internet protocol version 4 (IPv4)C.The potential problem with the existing addressing systemD.An alternative internet protocol to deal with address shortage【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D【

38、解析】1.判断推理题。根据原文第一段的首句“Nobody would expect a city water system designed for 1 m residents to be able to handle a 1,000-fold increase in population in just a few years. 没有人会想到，一个为100万居民设计的城市供水系统，能够在短短几年内应对人口增长1000倍的情况。”以及最后两句“Instead of choosing a numbering system that could support a few thousand or

39、million addresses, the internets designers foresightedly opted for one that could handle 4 billion. But now even that is not enough. 互联网的设计者深谋远虑地选择了能够处理40亿个地址的编号系统，而不是能够支持几千或几百万个地址的编号系统。但现在，即使这样也还不够。”由此可知，这个设计是不合理的，因为没有考虑到人口暴增的问题，所以选项D正确。2.判断推理题。根据第二段的第一句“The addressing system, called internet proto

40、col version 4 (IPv4), cannot keep up with the flood of computers, mobile phones, hand-held gadgets, games consoles and even cars and refrigerators flooding onto the network. 这个被称为互联网协议4 (IPv4)的寻址系统无法跟上涌入网络的电脑、手机、手持设备、游戏机，甚至是汽车和冰箱。”由此可知，IPv4寻址系统跟不上如此多的信息，所以选项B符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第三段首句“The shortage is not

41、the only problem; so too is growing complexity. 短缺并不是唯一的问题；复杂性也在不断增加。”由此可知，IPv4潜在的问题是不断增加的复杂性，选项C符合原文。4.词义推断题。根据第三段的最后一句以及第四段的首句“Were there no alternative to IPv4, parts of the internet would eventually suffer from sporadic outages. Fortunately a new system does exist, called internet protocol versi

42、on 6, 如果没有IPv4的替代方案，部分互联网最终将遭遇不定时的中断。幸运的是，一种新的系统已经存在，叫作IPv6”接着后面提到IPv6弥补了IPv4的不足，由此可推断，IPv6可以作为IPv4的替代品，所以选项D正确。5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，文章前半部分首先提出了IPv4所出现的问题，接着后面讲到了解决这些问题的替换方案，也就是IPv6，所以选项D作为标题更恰当。8. 单选题Sometimes artists find it hard for their work to win popular（ ）.问题1选项A.welcomeB.applauseC.appetiteD.app

43、reciation【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项welcome“欢迎”；B选项applause“欢呼，喝彩”；C选项appetite“食欲，嗜好”；D选项appreciation“欣赏，鉴别”。句意：有时候，艺术家发现他们的作品很难赢得大众的欣赏。选项D符合语境。9. 单选题Why are some of us good at math, while others（ ）at art or volleyball.问题1选项A.workB.excelC.aimD.gaze【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项work at“从事于，致力于”；B选项excel at“突出，擅长于”；C选项a

44、im at“目的在于”；D选项gaze at“盯住，凝视”。根据句意可知，填空处填入的词应和at搭配，并且和good at意思相近。句意“为什么有些人擅长数学，而有些人擅长艺术或排球?”选项B符合语境。10. 单选题Famed singer Stevie Wonder cant see his fans dancing at his concerts. He cant see the hands of his audience as they applaud wildly at the end of his superstition.Blind from birth, Wonder has w

45、aited his whole life for a chance to see. Recently, Wonder visited Mark Humayan, a vision specialist. He thought that a new device currently being studied by Humayan might offer him that chance.The device, a retinal prosthesis, is a tiny computer chip implanted inside a patients eye. The chip sends

46、images to the brain and allows some sightless people to see shapes and colors. Wonder hoped the retinal prosthesis might work for him. “Ive always said that if ever theres possibility of my seeing,” said Wonder, “then I would take the challenge.”Unfortunately for Wonder, that challenge will have to

47、wait. Humayan explained that the device isnt ready for people who have been blind since birth. Their brains may not be able to handle signals from a retinal prosthesis because their brains have never handled signals from a healthy eye.The retinal prosthesis and other devices, however, show great pro

48、mise in helping many other sightless people who once had vision see again. Perhaps one day soon, some formerly sightless people may be in Wonders audience looking upand seeing himfor the very first time.Wonders willingness to take part in retinal prosthesis studies and the results of those studies a

49、re giving new hope to people who thought they would be blind for the rest of their lives. More than one million people in the United States are considered legally blind, meaning that their eyesight is severely impaired. Another one million are totally blind.Two types of specialized cells in the reti

50、narods and conesare critical for proper vision. Light enters the eye and falls on the rods and cones in the retina. Those cells convert the light to electrical signals which travel through the optic nerve to the brain. The brain interprets those signals as visual images. Rods detect light at low lev

51、els of illumination. For instance, rods allow you to see faint shadows in dim moonlight. Cones, on the other hand, are most sensitive to color. Some diseases can damage cells in the retina. For instance, macular degeneration causes blindness and other vision problems in 700,000 people in the United

52、States each year. The condition is caused by a lack of adequate blood supply to the central part of the retina. Without blood, the rods, cones, and other cells in the retina die.Devices such as the retinal prostheses wont prevent or cure our eye diseases, but they may help patients who have eye diso

53、rders regain some of their vision. Different forms of retinal prostheses are currently being developed. On one type, a tiny computer chip is embedded in the eye. The chip has a grid of about 2,500 light-sensing elements called pixels.Light entering the eye strikes the pixels, which convert the light

54、 into electrical signals. The pixels then send the electrical signals to nerve cells behind the retina. Those cells send signals via the optic nerve to the brain for interpretation.Many people who have had a retinal prosthesis implanted say they can see shapes, colors, and movements that they couldn

55、t see before. “It was great,” said Harold Churchey, who received his retinal prosthesis 15 years after he became totally blind. “To see light after so longit was just wonderful. It was just like switching a light on.”1. Why did Steve Wonder visit Mark Humayan?2. Whom is Marks retinal prosthesis read

56、y for?3. For detecting colors, we depend, in the first place, on（ ）4. Why does macular degeneration cause blindness and other vision problems?5. Which of the following statements about the function of retinal prosthesis is true according to the passage?问题1选项A.He thought Marks device might recover hi

57、s eyesight.B.He thought Mark might need his help in developing the device.C.He thought Mark might want to listen to his Superstition.D.He thought Mark might implant a chip into his right eye.问题2选项A.For those who have been blind from birth.B.For those who still have faint vision.C.For the blind who o

58、nce had eyesight.D.For those who still have one healthy eye.问题3选项A.interpretation by the brain.B.cones of the retina.C.rods of the retina.D.optic nerve.问题4选项A.Macular degeneration causes improper interpretation by the brain.B.Macular degeneration makes the retina less sensitive to the light.C.Macula

59、r degeneration changes the functions of rods and cones.D.Macular degeneration causes inadequate supply of blood in the retina.问题5选项A.It can prevent some eye disorders.B.It can cure some eye disorders.C.It can help recover eyesight to some degree.D.It can repair the damaged cones.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第

60、4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文第二段的内容“Wonder自打出生眼睛就看不见，他一生都在等待一个机会。最近，Wonder拜访了视力专家Mark Humayan。他认为目前Humayan正在研究的一种新装置可能会给他提供这个机会。”由此可知，Steve Wonder拜访Mark Humayan的原因是他认为Mark Humayan的设备可能会恢复他的视力，选项A正确。2.判断推理题。根据第五段的第一句“The retinal prosthesis and other devices, however, show great promise in helping many ot

61、her sightless people who once had vision see again. 然而，视网膜假体和其他装置在帮助许多曾经有过视力的盲人重见光明方面展现出了巨大的希望。”由此可推断，Mark的视网膜假体装置是为那些曾经有过良好视力的人准备的，所以选项C符合原文。3.判断推理题。根据原文第七段的内容可知，视网膜中有两种特殊的细胞对正常的视力至关重要杆状细胞和视锥细胞。第七段还提及“Cones, on the other hand, are most sensitive to color. 另一方面，视锥细胞对颜色最敏感。”由此可知，选项B正确。4.细节事实题。根据关键词“m

62、acular degeneration”定位到第七段后半部分的内容“For instance, macular degeneration causes blindness and other vision problems in 700,000 people in the United States each year. The condition is caused by a lack of adequate blood supply to the central part of the retina. Without blood, the rods, cones, and other ce

63、lls in the retina die. 例如，黄斑变性导致美国每年有70万人失明和其他视力问题。这种情况是由于缺乏足够的血液供应到视网膜的中央部分。没有血液，视网膜中的杆状细胞、视锥细胞和其他细胞就会死亡。”由此可知，选项D符合原文。5.细节事实题。根据第八段的首句“Devices such as the retinal prostheses wont prevent or cure our eye diseases, but they may help patients who have eye disorders regain some of their vision. 像视网膜假体这样的设备不能预防或治愈我们的眼病，但它们可以帮助有视力障碍的患者重获一些视力。”由此可知，视网膜假体能在一定程度上帮助恢复视力，所以选项C符合原文。11. 单选题Now let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text, our eyes move across a page in short, jerky movement. We recognize words usua