2022年考博英语-煤炭科学研究总院考前模拟强化练习题95（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-煤炭科学研究总院考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Some parents （ ） education with exam success.问题1选项A.equalB.equateC.equalizeD.equality【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A项equal “等于”，B项equate “视为平等”，C项equalize “使相等”，D项名词equality “平等”；句意：有些父母把教育和考试成绩优秀视为一样。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题When it works, it can be fantastic, but can very easily （ ）

2、 into a nightmare of the most serious proportions.问题1选项A.backwashB.backdateC.backlashD.backfire【答案】D【解析】考查词义辨析。A项backwash “回流、反响”，B项backdate “回溯”，C项backlash “强烈反对”，D项backfire“产生出乎意料及事与愿违的结果”；句意：当它发挥作用时，可能是非常奇妙的，但也很容易事与愿违，变成最严重的噩梦。因此D选项正确。3. 单选题Some things simply cannot be altered and （ ） people acce

3、pt this, not wasting energy on trying to do the impossible.问题1选项A.roughB.plasticC.harshD.resilient【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项rough “粗糙的”，B项plastic “塑料的”，C项harsh “严厉的、刺耳的”，D项resilient “可迅速恢复的、坚韧的”；句意：有些东西根本无法改变，有韧性的人能接受这一点，不会浪费精力来做不可能的事。因此D选项正确。4. 单选题Just as there are teachers who simply go through the motio

4、ns and drag us through the material in order to complete a required course, there are companies and jobs and bosses that do the same. That doesnt mean you have to live with it. Avoid those fear-run workplaces. Quit those jobs. Ask your friends about where they work, or about companies theyve read ab

5、out or heard about where passion, excitement, and human energy are valued above all else. In those places, you will find that fear is not primary motivator for getting to results.Although Ive found that most organizations do not focus on their culture, there are also a significant number of companie

6、s who are quite clear about what they are trying to achieve. Those companies have a mission and a purpose in what they do. The people who work there are focused not on themselves, but on those they serve. They are working on something much bigger than themselves. I learned to love my job by connecti

7、ng it to joy: joy for our customers, joy for the end users of our products, joy for my team, and personal joy in what we were doing.Many believe this kind of mission focus can only occur in the non-profit world. This couldnt be further from the truth. There are successful purpose-driven private and

8、public corporations, large and small. They are still rare, though, so it wont necessarily be easy to find them, but it is worth your time to pursue this search. Some of you will be inclined to do what I ultimately did and start your own firm, with its own mission and purpose. Entrepreneurship for me

9、 was the enabler of a noble yet selfish pursuit: I wanted to create a company that I loved. I created my own fulfilling job, but it would only be fulfilling to me if it were also rewarding for those who worked around me.To learn to love your job, its important to find a job where learning is a requi

10、rement to success. Learning produces joy, regardless of the industry youre in. Become a student again. Read books, study organizations, and stretch yourself to try new things. If you are in a technical or a support role, volunteer for sales support assignments and watch how your company interacts wi

11、th its customers. Sign up for trade show booth duty and learn what others in the world are seeking from firms like yours. Learn to present in front of others. Sign up to speak at conferences, and then go listen to other speakers. Find the ideas, the people and the companies that inspire you.1. The a

12、uthors purpose in using teachers as an example is to （ ）.2. The author favors companies that （ ）.3. By “This couldnt be further from the truth” (Line 1, Para. 3), the author means he thinks （ ）.4. What do we learn about the authors joy for his job?5. What suggestion does the author make at the end o

13、f the passage?问题1选项A.emphasize the value of commitmentB.show concern for bad work performanceC.point out the importance of job trainingD.argue against fear-run workplaces问题2选项A.are big and ambitiousB.are customer-orientedC.motivate employees with rewardsD.focus on their self-image问题3选项A.the non-prof

14、it world has hidden rulesB.a mission tells truth about a companyC.the statement is absolutely falseD.a company truly goes after profits问题4选项A.It depends largely on his free will and selfish pursuit.B.It comes from the satisfaction of people in his company.C.It enables him to inspire people working a

15、round him.D.It is based on his own firm belief in his business skills.问题5选项A.Seize opportunities to learn on the job.B.Play a variety of roles to be successful.C.Keep a good relationship with customers.D.Seek other firms that need your skills.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【试题解析】观点态度题。题干意思是“作者使用

16、教师的例子是为了？”。第一段陈述的例子是“有些老师只是走过场敷衍的讲完授课的内容，以便完成一项规定的课程”，然后第三句提到Avoid those fear-fun workplace.（避开那些让人恐惧得想跑的公司），由此看出作者是想用例子来表达他对这种公司的反对态度。A选项“强调贡献的价值”，文中是强调快乐的工作，不是贡献就会快乐；B选项“对不好的工作表现的关注”，文中关注的是如何快乐工作；C选项“指出工作培训的重要性”文中没有提到。因此该题D正确。2.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“作者支持的公司？”。第二段第三句The people who work there are focuse

17、d not on themselves, but on those they serve（在那里工作的人不是专注于自己，而是专注于他们服务的人），由此可以推断作者是支持以客户为中心的公司。A项“规模大且有野心的”不全面，根据第三段第三句There are successful purpose-driven private and public corporations, large and small.（有许多成功的以目标为驱动的私营和公立公司，有大的公司，也有小的公司），可知也有规模小的；C项“用奖励激励员工”和D项“关注自我形象”未提及，因此B选项正确。3.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思

18、是“通过第三段第一行This couldnt be further from the truth，作者的意思是他认为？”。第三段第一句Many believe this kind of in the non-profit world.（很多人认为这种专注使命的做法只发生在非营利性组织里面）与This couldnt be further from the truth.（这与事实相差甚远）衔接，第二句话是作者觉得很多人认为的这种专注使命的做法只发生在非营利性组织里面的想法是错误的。A选项“非盈利组织有隐藏规则”没有提到；B选项“使命揭示了公司的真相”，这不是作者表达的意思；D选项“一个公司真正追

19、求的是利益”，这个是人们认为公司是以利益为目标的，不是作者的看法。因此该题C项正确。4.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“关于作者的工作乐趣我们了解到什么？”。第三段最后两句Entrepreneurship for me was the enabler of a noble yet selfish pursuit I create my own fulfilling job, but it would only be fulfilling to me if it were also rewarding for those who worked around me.（创业精神促使我走上了一条崇

20、高但自私的追求之路我创造了令我有成就感的工作，但是如果这项工作对我周围工作的人没有回报的话，那么对我来说也没有成就感可言了）；从这两句看，作者的快乐是来自于他身边的人得到了回报，最终是得到身边人对工作的满意度。A项“主要取决于他自由的意志和自私的追求”这是作者的创业精神，不是工作的乐趣；C项“工作使他去激励身边的人”，真正的快乐是对身边的人赋予回报，不仅仅是激励，文中也没有提到激励；D项“基于他对自己的商业技能有坚定的信念”也不是作者快乐工作的原因。因此只有B项符合题意。5.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“在文章的最后，作者是提出了一个什么建议？”。最后一段提到To learn to lo

21、ve your job, its important to find a job where learning is a requirement to success.（要学会热爱你的工作，那么找到一份只有学习是通往成功必经之路的工作是很重要的），另外作者陈述了做不同的工作应该如何学习的建议。B项“扮演各种各样的角色会成功”不符合题意，作者只是阐述了不同的角色应该如何学习；C项“和客户保持良好的关系”在最后一段没有提到；D项“寻找需要你的技能的其他公司”，最后一段第五行and learn what others in the world are seeking from firms like

22、yours（了解世界上其他人想从你们这样的公司得到什么），没有提到寻找其他公司。因此此题A项正确。5. 单选题Have you winterized your horse yet? Even though global warming may have made our climate milder, many animals are still hibernating. Its too bad that humans cant hibernate. In fact, as a species, we almost did.Apparently, at times in the past, p

23、easants in France liked a semi-state of human hibernation. So writes Graham Robb, a British scholar who has studied the sleeping habits of the French peasants. As soon as the weather turned cold people all over France shut themselves away and practiced the forgotten art of doing nothing at all for m

24、onths on end.In line with this, Jeff Warren, a producer at CBC Radios The Current, tells us that the way we sleep has changed fundamentally since the invention of artificial lighting and the electric bulb.When historians began studying texts of the Middle Ages, they noticed something referred to as

25、“first sleep”, which was not clarified, though. Now scientists are telling us our ancestors most likely slept in separate periods. The business of eight hours uninterrupted sleep is a modern invention.In the past, without the artificial light of the city to bathe in, humans went to sleep when it bec

26、ame dark and then woke themselves around midnight. The late night period was known as “The Watch”. It was when people actually kept watch against wild animals, although many of them simply moved around or visited family and neighbors.According to some sleep researchers, a short period of insomnia at

27、 midnight is not a disorder. It is normal. Humans can experience another state of consciousness around their sleeping, which occurs in the brief period before we fall asleep or wake ourselves in the morning. This period can be an extraordinarily creative time for some people. The impressive inventor

28、, Thomas Edison, used this state to hit upon many of his new ideas.Playing with your sleep rhythms can be adventurous, as anxiety may set in. Medical science doesnt help much in this case. It offers us medicines for a full nights continuous sleep, which sounds natural; however, according to Warrens

29、theory, it is really the opposite of what we need.1. The example of the French peasants shows the fact that （ ）.2. The late night was called “The Watch” because it was a time for people （ ）.3. Thomas Edison is cited to show （ ）.4. What does the author advise people to do?5. What is most possibly the

30、 source of this article?问题1选项A.people might become lazy as a result of too much sleepB.there were signs of hibernation in human sleeping habitsC.people tended to sleep more peacefully in cold weatherD.winter was a season for people to sleep for months on end问题2选项A.to set traps to catch animalsB.to w

31、ake up their family and neighborsC.to remind others of the timeD.to guard against possible dangers问题3选项A.insomnia is harmful to peopleB.human being cannot overcome insomniaC.a short period of consciousness during sleeping is normal for human beingD.great scientists must sleep less to make great inve

32、ntions问题4选项A.Sleep in the way animals do.B.Consult a doctor if they cant sleep.C.Follow their natural sleep rhythm.D.Keep to the eight-hour sleep pattern.问题5选项A.scientific journalsB.history booksC.science fictionsD.fairy tales【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“文中用法国农民的例子来体现一个什么事实呢？

33、”。第二段讲述了过去的法国农民等天气一变冷就会把自己关在屋子里几个月，什么都不做；这一例子是用来论证第一段的论点In fact, as a species, we almost did.”中，did指代前面提到的hibernate，表达的意思是“事实上，作为一个物种，我们都会冬眠”。A项“因为睡太多的觉人们可能会变懒”和C项“在冬天人们睡得更安稳”没有提到；D项“冬天是人们可以睡好几个月的季节”，文中只是提到天气变冷，法国农民就会把自己关到屋子里，并没有说一直睡觉。因此此题B项正确。2.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“深夜被叫作The Watch是因为这个时间是人们要干的时候？”。从第五段

34、最后一句It was when people actually kept watch against wild animals, although many of them simply moved around or visited family and neighbors.（那时人们实际上是在监视野生动物，尽管许多动物只是四处走动或者逗留一会。）可以看出The Watch是代表到了人们要监视外面可能的危险的时间。A项“设陷阱抓动物”，没有提到；B项“叫醒他们的邻居和家人”，文中只是提到这些动物只是在邻居门前逗留一会，该项不符合题意；C项“提醒其他人时间”，这个时间只是提醒守夜的人要开始监视

35、外面，没有提醒其他人。因此该题D项正确。3.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“在这里引用托马斯爱迪生是用来表示？”。第六段提到在午夜短时间的失眠是正常的，第三句接着提到Humans can experience another state of consciousness around their sleeping, which occurs in the brief period before we fall asleep or wake ourselves in the morning. This period can beThomas Edison, used this state t

36、o hit upon many of his ideas.（人类在睡眠时还会经历另一种意识状态，这种状态发生在我们入睡前或早上醒来之前的短暂时间里。对某些人来说，这段时期是极具创造力的时期。令人印象深刻的发明家，托马斯爱迪生，就是在这种状态下想出了他的许多想法。）可知睡眠时短暂的意识状态对人来说是正常的。A项“失眠对人类有伤害”，倒数第二段第一句a short period of insomnia at midnight is not a disorder（午夜时分短暂的失眠并不是一种疾病），提到短暂失眠是正常的，而失眠对人类有伤害没有提到；B项“人类不能克服失眠”，最后一段有提到可以服用药物

37、，但是这不是引用爱迪生例子的目的；D项“为了发明科学家睡得都很少”，文中只是说这种短暂的意识状态适合创造，没有说科学家睡得少。因此该题C项正确。4.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“作者建议人们去做什么？”。最后一段说Playing with your sleep rhythms can be adventurous, as anxiety may set in.（调整你的睡眠节奏可能是冒险的，因为焦虑可能会出现），但最后一句It offers us medicines for a full nights continuous sleep, which sounds natural; how

38、ever, according to Warrens theory, it is really the opposite of what we need.（医学为我们提供了整夜不会间断睡眠的药物，这听起来很自然；然而，根据沃伦的理论，这确实与我们所需要的相反），由此看出，作者是建议人们跟随自己自然的睡眠规律。A项“和动物的睡觉方式一样”，只是建议遵循自己的睡眠规律，没有一定要和动物睡眠规律一样；B项“如果不能睡着咨询医生”，这不是作者阐述的建议；D项“保持八小时睡眠模式”最后一段没有提到。因此C项“跟随自然的睡眠规律”正确。5.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“这篇文章的来源最有可能是来自于

39、哪里？”。本文论述了研究者发现在过去人类也像其他动物一样有冬眠时期，现在的八小时睡眠只是现代被改变的睡眠方式，文章有论有据，可以推断出这是一篇科普类文章。B项“历史书”，C项“科幻小说”，D项“神话故事”；因此A选项正确。6. 翻译题Space X will send a spacesuit-clad crash test dummy to the International Space Station as part of a trial flight for its Crew Dragon spacecraft. The mission will take place on 2 March

40、 and will also deliver supplies to crew aboard the ISS. An array of sensors built into the mannequins suit will help provide key data ahead of the first human passengers going aboard the capsule later this year.Mr. Musk revealed the cost of a ticket to Mars on board a Space X flight would be less th

41、an $100,000. Taking questions on social media, he wrote: Im confident moving to Mars (return ticket is free) will one day cost less than $500k or maybe even below $100k. Low enough that most people in advanced economies could sell their home on Earth and move to Mars if they want.Section A Translate

42、 the following passage into Chinese.【答案】Space X公司将把一个穿着航天服的撞击试验人体模型送往国际空间站，这也是其Crew Dragon载人宇宙飞船试飞任务的一部分。这次任务将于3月2日进行，并将向国际空间站的宇航员运送物资。该人体模型所穿的太空服上安装了大量的传感器。今年晚些时候，在第一批人类旅客将登上太空舱之前，这些传感器将有助于提供重要数据。马斯克先生透露，乘坐Space X宇宙飞船前往火星的票价可能会低于10万美元。他在社交媒体上接受了人们的提问，并写道：“我确信，将来有一天搬去火星（返程票是免费的）的票价会低于50万美元，甚至可能会低于10

43、万美元。这个票价足够低了，发达经济体的多数人都可以卖掉他们在地球上的房子，搬去火星，如果他们愿意的话。”7. 单选题President Coolidges statement, “The business of America is business,” still points to an important truth today that business institutions have more prestige in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Wh

44、y do business institutions possess this great prestige?One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive busines

45、s institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself; it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly of powe

46、r. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the cus

47、tomers dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though go

48、vernment leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important as, or even more important than, democracy in preserving freedom.Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the idea of equality of opportunity. Competi

49、tion is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of e

50、quality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic idea of inherited privilege.1. The statement “The business of America is business” probably means “（ ）”.2. Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only （ ）.3. Who can benefit from business competition?4. Government is believed

51、 to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by （ ）.5. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes （ ）.问题1选项A.The business institutions in America are concerned with commerceB.Business problems are of great importance to the American governmentC.Business i

52、s of primary concern to AmericansD.America is a great power in world business问题2选项A.when given equality of opportunityB.through doing businessC.by protecting their individual freedomD.by way of competition问题3选项A.Honest businessmenB.Both businessmen and their customersC.People with ideals of equality

53、 and freedomD.Both business institutions and government问题4选项A.its absolute control of powerB.its function in preserving personal freedomC.its role in protecting basic American valuesD.its democratic way of exercising leadership问题5选项A.Americans are more ambitious than people in other countriesB.in ma

54、ny countries success often depends on ones social statusC.American businesses are more democratic than those in other countriesD.businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.【试题解析】语义推测题。题干意思是“句子The business of America is business可能是什么意思？”

55、。第一段truth today that business institutions have more prestige in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government.（真相就是在美国社会商业机构比包括政府在内的其他任何类型的组织有更多的威望）说明美国人很关注商业。因此The business of America is business表达的意思是“商业是美国人第一关心的”。A选项“美国商业机构关注的是商业”，这个选项逻辑没问题，但是比较片面；B项“商业问题对美国政府很重要

56、”和D项“美国是全球商业的强国”没提到。故该题选C。2.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“美国人相信他们只有怎样才能实现他们的个人价值？”。第二段最后一句Competition is not only good in itself; it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.（竞争不仅本身是良好的，它还是一种保护手段，其他基本的美国人价值观都是受它的保护，如个人自由、机

57、会均等和努力工作等），由此可知美国人是可以通过竞争实现他们的个人价值。B项“通过做生意”没有提到，A项“给予平等的机会”和C项“保护个人自由”都是包括在竞争的保护机制里面，最终还是通过竞争才能实现自己的价值。因此D选项正确。3.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“商业竞争对谁有利？”。第三段第三句if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly.（如果一个商业机构试图不

58、公平地利用它的顾客，它就会输给那些对待顾客更公平的竞争对手），由此推断出竞争不仅有利于顾客的利益，也有利于公平对待客户的商业机构。A项“诚实的商人”不够全面；C项“拥有平等和自由理想的人们”和D项“商业机构和政府”中的政府均未提及。因此B选项“商人和顾客”正确。4.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“人们认为政府与商业有显著的不同，因为政府的特点是什么？”。第四段第一句A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly.（竞争的商业和政府的垄断总

59、是经常拿来对比），可以推断出政府和商业竞争相比，政府的垄断是权利上的操控，B项“保护个人自由的功能”这是竞争的特点；C项“保护美国基本价值观方面的作用”没有提到；D项“行使领导的民主方式”，只提到了政府的垄断，没有提到民主。因此A选项“对权利的绝对控制”正确。5.【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“从这篇文章可以推断出作者相信什么？”。最后一段第三句Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background.（竞争的成功被美国人视为基于家庭背

60、景而产生的社会地位的替代），即美国是不依靠家庭背景决定社会地位，从而推断出，相反其他国家就要依靠社会地位。A项“美国人比其他国家的人更具野心”、C项“美国商业比其他国家更民主”和D项“其他国家的商业不像美国商业一样有竞争性”没有提到。因此B选项“许多国家的成功取决于一个人的社会地位”正确。8. 单选题How come they have the freedom to disrupt and （ ） the torch relay, whereas Olympic-loving people have not the freedom to welcome the torch?问题1选项A.des

61、tructB.destroyC.sabotageD.damage【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A项destruct “毁坏”，B项destroy “消灭”，C项sabotage “蓄意破坏”，D项damage “损害”；句意：难道只有破坏分子干扰破坏火炬传递的自由，就没有热爱奥林匹克运动的人们去欢迎火炬的自由吗？因此C选项正确。9. 单选题There is a risk that （ ） chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.问题1选项A.destructiveB.toxicC.evilD.vicious【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析

62、。A项destructive “破坏性的、毁灭性的”，B项toxic “有毒的”，C项evil“邪恶的”，D项vicious “恶毒的”；句意：毁灭性的化学物质有在空中爆炸的危险。因此A选项正确。10. 翻译题国家统计局（NBS）周五发布的2018年全国睡觉时间使用情况调查报告揭示了中国人平均每天的时间分配情况。这包括了他们的工作、睡觉、家务、休闲娱乐等不同活动。这项调查显示，低收入人群平均看电视的时间为每天1小时50分钟。这比中等收入人群多15分钟，比较高收入组多32分钟，比高收入人群多46分钟。国家统计局高级统计员金红表示，2008年和2018年的时间使用情况调查显示，中国人均生活质量有所

63、改善。Section B Translate the following passage into English.【答案】The 2018 National Survey Report on the Utilization of Bedtime, released by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) on Friday, revealed how Chinese people to allocate their dailys time averagely. This includes work, sleep, housework, recreation and other different activities. According to the survey, the average time of low-income group watching TV is 1 hour and 50 minutes a day, which is 15 minutes more than medium-income group, 32 minutes more than the high-income group and 46 minute