2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考前模拟强化练习题31（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题（ ）the stress of examinations are over, we can all relax.问题1选项A.WhileB.Even thoughC.Now thatD.For【答案】C【解析】句意:既然考试的压力结朿了，因此我们都能放松下了。考查短语辨析。while 虽然，然而，当的时候;even though 虽然，即使；now that 既然，由于;for 为了，对于，适合于;因为（这个词在表示原因时一般不放在句首）。分析句意可知前后句子为因果关系。故C符合句意。2. 单选题The mailma

2、n should be here（ ）; in fact, lie should be here in about five minutes.问题1选项A.retrospectivelyB.previouslyC.currentlyD.presently【答案】D【解析】句意:这个邮差应该一会儿就到这里了；事实上，他应该是在5分钟后到这里。考查副词辨析。retrospectively 回顾地；previously 以前，预先，仓促地；currently 当前，现在；presently 回前，一会儿，不久。根据后半句句意可知D符合句意。3. 单选题At the end of the Second

3、 World War, American spending on research and development（ ） half the worlds total; today, it has dropped to one third.问题1选项A.made upB.made forC.made up forD.made from【答案】A【解析】句意:二战结束吋，美国在研究和发展上的支出占世界在这些方面总支出的一半，如今该比例下降到了三分之一。考查短语辨析。选项均为对应短语的过去式。make up 和解，和好，组成，构成，编造，化妆，拿定主意;make for 为生产；走向，有利于，扑向；

4、make up for 补偿，弥补，补救；make from 由制造，用制成，以谋生。4. 单选题I couldnt be present myself, but I sent my（ ）to the meeting.问题1选项A.delegateB.specimenC.representativeD.representation【答案】C【解析】句意:我本人不能亲自出席，可我派了代表出席会议。考查名词辨析。Delegate 代表，代表团成员，指委派到别处代某一机构或某 （些）人行事的人；specimen 样本，抽样；representative 代表，代销人，词义较广，可指选 举或委派的代表

5、，还可表示某一种人的代表人物；representation表现，陈述。根据前半句句意可知C符合句意。5. 单选题The economic recession has meant that job（ ）is a rare thing.问题1选项A.securityB.safetyC.protection forD.secureness【答案】A【解析】句意:这场经济衰退己经意味着工作保障是罕见的事情。考查名词辨析。security 安全，保障；safety 安全，保险;protection 保护，防卫;secureness安全，（船）停泊，固定。因此A符合句意。6. 单选题Our family

6、doctors clinic（ ）at the junction of two busy roads.问题1选项A.restsB.standsC.staysD.seats【答案】B【解析】句意:我们家庭医生的诊所位于两条繁忙马路的交叉口。考查动词辨析。rest休息，放松，(被)支撑；stand 站立，位于，停滞； stay 停留，坚持，暂住，停下；seat 使坐下。故B符合句意。7. 单选题The twin brothers showed great（ ）to their step sister, who had acted as a mother to them for many years

7、.问题1选项A.complianceB.devotionC.subjectionD.allegiance【答案】B【解析】句意:这对孪生兄弟对多年来一直担任着母亲角色的异胞姐姐表现出极大的忠诚。考查名词辨析。compliance 顺从，服从； devotion 忠诚，挚爱，信仰，崇拜；subjection 隶属，服从，征服；allegiance 效忠，忠诚。故B符合句意。8. 单选题Stars twinkle（ ）the turbulent state of the air through which their light passes.问题1选项A.in spite ofB.as a re

8、sult ofC.in addition toD.with regard to【答案】B【解析】句意:星星的闪烁是由星光穿过湍流状态的空气而形成的。考查短语辨析。in spite of 尽管，不管，不顾；as a result of 因此，由于；in addition to 除之外；with regard to 关于，至于。因此B符合句意。9. 单选题It takes much time to solve the problem one by one. Can we generalize common（ ）to apply to similar problems?问题1选项A.meansB.t

9、echniquesC.tipsD.solutions【答案】D【解析】句意:一个接一个地解决问题需要很多吋间。我们能归纳出适用于所有类似问题的通用解决方法吗？考查名词辨析。means 手段,方法;technique 技巧,技艺,工艺;tip尖端,尖儿,端;solution 解决方案,溶液,溶解。根据关键信息“problem (问题)”可知D符合句意。10. 单选题We are dealing with two different perspectives that（ ）, intersect, but dont seem to yield a synthesis.问题1选项A.overrunB

10、.overlapC.overworkD.overuse【答案】B【解析】句意:我们正在处理有部分重叠、交叉却似乎不能生成综合体的两种不同的透视图。考查动词辨析。Overrun 泛滥，横行，肆虐，多用(时间、钱财等)，超时;overlap部分重叠，部分地同时发生;overwork工作过度;overuse 使用过度（或过久）。由题干中关键信息intersect交叉”可知“部分重叠”符合。11. 单选题As a start toward better policy making, the administration should put forward a detailed analysis（ ）

11、each major proposed policy change.问题1选项A.justifyingB.criticizingC.designingD.prohibiting【答案】A【解析】句意:作为更好政策制定的开始，行政机构应提出一个详细的分析来证明每个被提议的主要政策变化都是有道理的。考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式。Justify 证明 正当（或有道理、合理），替辩护；criticize 批评，评论;design 设计，计划，构思; prohibit 阻止，禁止。因此A符合句意。12. 单选题As the climate in the Middle East chang

12、ed beginning around 7000 B. C” conditions emerged that led to a more complex and advanced form of civilization in both Egypt and of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia became drier, producing river-side lands that were both habitable and fertile, and attracting settlers armed with the new

13、ly developed technique of agriculture. This migration was further encouraged by the gradual transformation of the once-hospitable grasslands of these regions into deserts. Human population became increasingly concentrated into pockets of settlement scattered along the banks of the great rivers.The r

14、ivers profoundly shaped the way of life along their banks. In Mesopotamia, the management of water in conditions of unpredictable drought, flood, and storm became the central economic and social challenge. Villagers began early to build simple earthworks, dikes, canals, and ditches to control the wa

15、ters and reduce the opposing dangers of drought during the dry season (usually the spring) and flooding at the harvest time.Such efforts required a degree of cooperation among a large number of people that had not previously existed. The individual village, containing only a dozen or so houses and f

16、amilies, was economically vulnerable; but when several villages, probably under the directions of a council of elders, learned to share their human resources in the building of coordinated network of water-control systems, the safety, stability, and prosperity of all improved. In this new cooperatio

17、n, the seeds of the great Mesopotamian civilizations were being sown.Technological and mathematical invention, too, were stimulated by life along the rivers. New devices were first developed here for use in irrigation systems. Similarly, the earliest methods of measurement and computation and the fi

18、rst developments in geometry were stimulated by the need to keep track of land holdings and boundaries in fields that were periodically inundated.The livers served as high roads of earliest commerce. Traders used boats made of bundles of rushes to transport grains, fruits, fibers, and textiles from

19、one village to another, transforming the rivers into the central spines of nascent commercial kingdoms. Trade expanded surprisingly widely; we have evidence suggesting that, even before the establishment of the first Egyptian dynasty, goods were being exchanged between villagers in Egypt and others

20、as far as Iran.Similar developments were occurring at much the same time along the great river valleys in other parts of the world - for example, along the Indus in India and Hwang Ho in China. The history of early civilization has been shaped to a remarkable degree by the relationship of humans and

21、 rivers.1. The primary purpose of the passage is to explain（ ）.2.Which of the following social effects did the unpredictability of water supplies in Mesopotamia have?3. The earliest geometers were supported primarily by（ ）.4. It can be inferred from the passage that the emergence of complex civiliza

22、tions in the Middle East was dependent upon the previous development of（ ）.5. The author refers to emerging civilizations in India and China primarily in order to emphasize（ ）.问题1选项A.how climatic changes led to the founding of the earliest recorded citiesB.the influence of river life on the growth o

23、f early civilizationsC.some of the recent findings of researchers into early human historyD.the similarities and differences among several ancient societies问题2选项A.It led to warfare over water rights among rival villages.B.It encouraged cooperation in the creation of water management systems.C.It dro

24、ve farmers to settle in fertile grasslands far from the uncontrollable rivers.D.It had the actual effect of increasing the population there.问题3选项A.mechanical artisansB.traders and merchantsC.farm laborersD.land owners问题4选项A.basic techniques of agricultureB.symbolic systems for writing and mathematic

25、al computationC.tools for constructing houses quickly and easilyD.a method for storing and transferring wealth问题5选项A.the importance of water transportation in the growth of early tradeB.the relatively advanced position enjoyed by the Middle East spread to other placesC.the rapidity with which social

26、 systems developed in the Middle East spread to other placesD.the crucial role played by rivers in the development of human cultures around the world【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍河流对于文明和发展的作用。因此B项“河流生命对于早期文明发展的影响”符合本文主旨大意。2.判断推理题。题干问的是:下列哪项是美索不达米亚中供水的不可预测性所产生的社会影响?第三段指出: Such effort

27、s required a degree of cooperation among a large number of people that had not previously existed. The individual village, containing only a dozen or so houses and families, was economically vulnerable; but when several villages, probably under the directions of a council of elders, learned to share

28、 their human resources in the building of coordinated network of water-control systems, the safety, stability, and prosperity of all improved. In this new cooperation, the seeds of the great Mesopotamian civilizations were being sown (这种努力需要大量人员的前所未有的合作。只有十几户家庭的小村庄容易受到经济冲击，但是在年长村民的指导下，这些村庄可能会学着在建立协调

29、的水治理系统中进行人力资源共享，这吋候乡村的安全和稳定性以及繁荣度都得到了提升。在新的合作下，美索不达米亚的文明之种正被播散开来)。故选 B “它激发了水资源管理体系创新的相互合作”。3.细节事实题。通过题干关键词geometers定位至第四段: Similarly, the earliest methods of measurement and computation and the first developments in geometry were stimulated by the need to keep track of land holdings and boundaries

30、in fields that were periodically inundated (同样，早期的测量和估算方法，以及几何学的初期发展，都是因为需要记录土地的所有权和记录被周期性淹没的土地边界范围而刺激发展的。因此，最初几何学主要是为了记录土地的所有权和实际情况而发展的)。故选D “土地所有者”。4.判断推理题。题干为:中东地区的复杂文明的出现主要依赖于之前的哪项的发展？第一段指出: As the climate in the Middle East changed .Jed to a more complex and advanced from of civilization in bot

31、h. Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia became drier, producing river-side lands that were both habitable and fertile, and attracting settlers armed with the newly developed technique of agriculture (随着中东地区的气候变化，出现的状况导致了复杂和先进 的文明形式。当美索不达米亚的幼发拉底河变得更干旱后，产生了宜居且肥沃的河岸土地，并且吸引了拥有先进农业技术的移民。即中东地区的先进文明的发展有依靠农业技术的支

32、持),故选A“基本的农业技术”。5.作者意图题。题干为: 作者谈及印度和中国的文明出现主要是为了强调什么？根据题干定位至最后一段: Similar developments were occurring at much the same time along the great river valleys in other parts of the world for example, along the Indus in India and Hwang Ho in China (同吋，世界其他地方也有沿大河而居所产生的类似的发展，比如：印度西北部河流，中国的黄河)。因此,文章中谈及印度和中国

33、，是为了说明河流同样在这些国家的发展中起到的作用,因此D项 “在世界各地人类文化的发展中，河流发挥关键的作用”正确。13. 单选题While typing Helen has a habit of stopping（ ）to give her long and flowing hair smooth.问题1选项A.occasionallyB.simultaneouslyC.eventuallyD.promptly【答案】A【解析】句意:当Helen打字的时候，她有一个习惯：偶尔停下来平整她飘逸的长发。考查副词辨析。occasionally 偶尔，有吋候;simultaneously 同吋地；e

34、ventually最终；promptly迅速地，敏捷地。根据题干关键词“stop to give(停下来去)”可知A项符合句意。14. 单选题In the United States, older people rarely live with their adult children. But in many other cultures children are expected to care（1）their aged parents. In some parts of Italy, the percentage of adult children who（2） with their p

35、arents（3）65 to 70 percent. In Thailand, too, children are expected to care for their elderly parents; few Thai elderly live（4）.What explains these differences in living arrangements（5）cultures? Modernization theory（6） the extended family household to low levels of economic development. In traditiona

36、l societies, the elderly live with their children in large extended family units for economic reasons. But with modernization, children move to urban areas, leaving old people（7）in (8) rural areas. Yet modernization theory cannot explain why extended family households were never common in the United

37、 States or England, or why families in Italy, which is fully modernized,（9）a strong tradition of intergenerational living. Clearly, economic development alone cannot explain（10）living arrangements.Another theory associated intergenerational living arrangements with inheritance patterns. In some cult

38、ures, the stem family pattern of inheritance（11） . （12）this system, parents live with a married child, usually the oldest son, who then（13）their property when they die. The stem family system was once common in Japan, but changes in inheritance laws, (14) broader social changes brought（15） by indust

39、rialization and urbanization, have（16）the（17）. In 1960 about 80 percent of Japanese over 65 lived with their children; by 1990 only 60 percent dida figure that is still high（18）U.S. standards, but which has been（19）steadily. In Korea, too, traditional living arrangements are（20）: the percentage of a

40、ged Koreans who live with a son declined from 77 percent in 1984 to 50 percent just 10 years later. Although most elderly Koreans still expect to live with a son, their adult children do not expect to live with their children when they grow old.问题1选项A.aboutB.afterC.forD.over问题2选项A.resideB.reciteC.re

41、deemD.rebel问题3选项A.amassesB.amountsC.attainsD.reaches问题4选项A.loneB.aloneC.lonesomeD.lonely问题5选项A.overB.acrossC.withinD.above问题6选项A.associatedB.linkedC.unitedD.combined问题7选项A.asideB.afterC.overD.behind问题8选项A.isolatedB.segregatedC.idealizedD.secluded问题9选项A.maintainB.promoteC.reserveD.support问题10选项A.appo

42、intedB.assignedC.preservedD.preferred问题11选项A.controlsB.overtakesC.predominatesD.overwhelms问题12选项A.atB.underC.byD.over问题13选项A.deliversB.conveysC.conceivesD.inherits问题14选项A.as well asB.might as wellC.as wellD.well as问题15选项A.offB.upC.aroundD.about问题16选项A.underminedB.decreasedC.diminishedD.defeated问题17选

43、项A.authorityB.usageC.habitD.tradition问题18选项A.byB.onC.withD.in问题19选项A.incliningB.recliningC.decliningD.reducing问题20选项A.recedingB.removingC.invadingD.eroding【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B第6题:B第7题:D第8题:A第9题:A第10题:D第11题:C第12题:B第13题:D第14题:A第15题:D第16题:A第17题:D第18题:A第19题:C第20题:D【解析】1.固定搭配。Care about 担心,关心;ca

44、re for 照顾；没有care after 和care over这样的搭配。2.动词辨析。Reside 居住在,定居于; recite背诵,叙述；redeem 赎回,挽回；rebel 反叛,反抗。此处表示“与住在一起”,故选A。3.动词辨析。amass 积聚，积累；amount 总计，合计；相当于，共计，amount to 相当于，总共达到;attain （通过努力）获得，达到（目的）；reach 达到，影响，抵达，伸出；由空格后“65 to 70 percent (65%至70%)”可知D符合句意。4.形容词辨析。lone（adj.）单身的，独自的，寂寞的；alone （adj.）独自的，

45、单独的，孤独的；（adv.）独自地，单独地；lonesome 寂寞的，人迹稀少的；lonely 寂寞的，偏僻的。空格前为动词live(生活),因此空格处应为副词。故选B。5.固定搭配。across culture 跨文化的。其余选项为: over 越过，在之上；within 在之内；above 超过，在上面。6.短语辨析。associate 联想，使联合，使发生联系，常与介词with搭配，associate with 联合；与联系在一起，和来往；link 连接起来，将人或物连接或联系起来，常与介词to搭配，link to 链接到，把和联系起来;unite 使混合，使联合，使团结，常与with搭

46、配。unite with 联合，混合；combine 使化合，使联合，使结合，常与with搭配，combine with 与结合。题目中空格处与后面介词to搭配,因此选B。7.短语辨析。由空格前句意“但是由于现代化,子女搬到城市地区”可知这里表示“从而将老年人留在了农村”。Leave behind 留下。其余选项构成的搭配为:leave aside 搁置,不考虑;leave after 无此搭配;leave over 推迟,延期。8.形容词辨析。isolated 孤立的,分离的,单独的；segregated 被隔离的（常用于种族隔离）；idealized 理想化的；secluded 隐蔽的,隐

47、退的,隐居的。此处句意为:但是由于现代化，子女搬到城市地区,将老人留在了孤立的农村。因此A符合句意。、9.动词辨析。maintain 维持,维修,主张;promote 促进,推销,发扬;reserve储备,保留,预约;support支持,支撑,赡养。此处句意为:或者为什么彻底现代化的意大利家庭仍然保持着一种强烈的代际生活传统。因此A符合句意。10.形容词辨析。appointed 约定的,指定的;assigned 指定的,已分配的;preserved得到保存的,腌制的;preferred 更可取的,更喜欢的。此空前一句句意为: 或者为什么彻底现代化的意大利家庭仍然保持着一种强烈的代际生活传统。因

48、此此处表示 “显然,单靠经济发展不能解释更喜欢的生活安排”。故D符合句意。11.动词辨析。四个选项均是对应动词的三单形式。control 控制,管理;overtake 赶上,突然来袭;predominate 占支配地位,主宰;overwhelm 淹没,压倒,受打击。根据后面句子中的“The stem family system was once common in Japan(这种继承式的家庭体系曾经在日本是普遍的)”可知C符合句意。12.固定搭配。under this system 在这个体系下。13.动词辨析。这里表示“继承遗产”。四个选项均为对应动词的三单形式。Deliver 交付,发表

49、,递送;convey 传达,运输;conceive 构思,以为;inherit 继承。故选D。14.固定搭配。由全格前“changes in inheritance laws继承法的变化”与全格后“broader social changes更广泛的社会变化”的对应知这里指代“更广泛的社会变化也”,故选A。15.短语辨析。这里指代 “工业化和城镇化所带来的更广泛的社会变化”, bring about 带来。其他选项分别为: bring off 完成,救出;bring up提出,养育,呕出,（船等）停下;bring around 使信服;使转向,使复原。16.动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去

50、分词形式。undermine破坏，渐渐破坏;decrease 减少,减小;diminish 使减少,使变小;defeat 战胜,挫败。空格后句意为: 在1960年，大约80%的年龄超过65岁的日本人与自己的子女生活在一起；到1990年时只有60%年龄超过65岁的日本人与自己的 子女生活在一起,因此这里表示“传统正受到逐渐破坏”,故A符合句意。17.名词辨析。authority 权威,权力;usage 使用,用法;habit 习惯,习性;tradition 惯例,传统。空格后句意为: 在1960年，大约80%的年龄超过65岁的日本人与自己的子女生活在一起；到1990年时只有60%年龄超过65岁的

51、日本人与自己的 子女生活在一起,因此这里表示“传统正受到逐渐破坏”,故D符合句意。18.固定搭配。by standard 按标准。19.动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式。incline 倾斜,倾向,易于;recline 靠,依赖;decline 减少,下降,衰落;reduce削减,缩减。由空格后句子句意“韩国老人与自己儿子生活在一起的比例从1984年的77%下降到仅十年后的50%”可知C符合句意。20.动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式。recede撤回,减弱;remove 移动,迁移,删除;invade 侵略,侵扰,涌入;erode 腐蚀,损害,削弱。由空格后句意“韩国老人与自

52、己儿子生活在一起的比例从1984年的77%下降到仅十年后的50%”可知这里表示 “传统的生活安排正受到损害”。故D符合句意。15. 单选题Please do not be（ ）by his bad manners since he is merely trying to attract attention.问题1选项A.disregardedB.distortedC.irritatedD.intervened【答案】C【解析】句意:他只是想引起注意，所以请不要因为他的不礼貌而生气。考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式表被动。Disregard 不顾，不理。Distort 歪曲，曲解

53、。irritate激怒，发怒。Intervene 介入，干涉，阻挠，一般作不及物动词，不可用于被动语态。根据空格后的his bad manners(他的不礼貌)可判断，C项正确。16. 单选题The tone of the article（ ）the writers mood at the time.问题1选项A.reproducedB.reflectedC.imaginedD.imitated【答案】B【解析】句意:这篇文章的语气反映了这位作者当时的情绪。、考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去式。reproduce 复制，再生，生殖；reflect 反映，反射；imagine 想像，猜想

54、，臆断；imitate 模仿，仿造。空格处动词的宾语为the writers mood (作者的情绪),因此B符合句意。17. 单选题He has given（ ）excuses for being late; but none of them is true.问题1选项A.numberB.numeralC.numerableD.numerous【答案】D【解析】句意:他给出很多迟到的理由，但是没有一个是真的。考查形容词辨析。number 数字，号码；numeral 数字，数码;numerable 可数的，可计算的；numerous 很多的，许多的。根据后面句意“但是没有一个是真的”可知D符合

55、句意。18. 单选题Some criminals were printing（ ）dollar bills until they were arrested.问题1选项A.decentB.fakeC.patentD.suspicious【答案】B【解析】句意:有些罪犯直到被逮捕吋还正在印刷伪造的美钞。考查形容词辨析。decent像样的，相当不错的，正派的，得体的，相当好的；fake 假的，伪造的，冒充的；patent 专利的，显然的；suspicious 可疑的，怀疑的，多疑的。故B符合句意。19. 单选题The（ ）from Africas booming oil sales rarely

56、reaches the people who live where the oil is produced.问题1选项A.currencyB.revenueC.tariffD.exchange【答案】B【解析】句意:非洲蓬勃发展的石油销售收入很少到达在石油生产地生活的人的手中。考查名词辨析。Currency通货,货币,通用,流行; revenue财政收入,税收收入,收益; tariff关税,(旅馆、饭店或服务公司的)价目表,收费表; exchange交流,兑换。因此B符合句意。20. 单选题If you want this pain-killer, youll have to ask the doctor for a（ ）.问题1选项A.receiptB.recipeC.subscriptionD.prescription【答案】D【解析】句意:如果你想要这个止疼药，你将不得不向医生要一个药方。考查名词辨析。receipt收据，收条，接收，收到;recipe食谱，秘诀;subscription 捐献，订阅，签署；prescription 药方，指示，惯例。根据前半句句意“如果你想要这个止疼药”可知D符合句意。