2022年考博英语-哈尔滨师范大学考试名师点拨押题密卷27（含答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-哈尔滨师范大学考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 单选题His temper and personality show that he can become a soldier of the top _.问题1选项A.circleB.rankC.categoryD.grade【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. circle圆圈 B. rank（尤指较高的）地位，级别C. category（人或事物的）类别，种类 D. grade等级，品级【答案】B【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词soldier和top可知，此处是指最高军衔的军人，而rank指人在社会中的地位或

2、等级，尤指军队中的军衔，符合句意，故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C项不符合句意；D项是指按照地位或优劣划分的等级，是比较宽泛的等级，放在句中不恰当。【句意】他的脾气和个性表明他能成为一名有最高军衔的军人。2. 单选题Ten days ago the young man informed his boss of his intention to _.问题1选项A.resignB.rejectC.retreatD.replace【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. resign辞职，辞去（某职务） B. reject拒绝接受；不予考虑C. retreat退却；撤退 D. replace代替，取代

3、【答案】A【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息informed his boss（通知了他的老板）可推知，空格处表示“辞职”符合句意，该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】10天前，这个年轻人告诉他的老板他打算辞职。3. 单选题Passage twoPsychological tests are tools. Like all tools, their effectiveness depends on the knowledge, skill, and sincerity of the user. A hammer can be used to build a b

4、eautiful kitchen cabinet of it can be used as a weapon of assault. Like a hammer, intelligence tests can be used for positive purposes or they can be abusive. It is important for both the test constructor and the test examiner to be familiar with the current state of scientific knowledge about intel

5、ligence and intelligence tests.Even though they have limitations, intelligence tests are among psychologys most widely used tools. To be effective, though, intelligence tests must be viewed realistically. They should not be thought of as a fixed, unchanging indicator of a persons intelligence. They

6、should also be used in conjunction with other information about a person and should not be relied upon as the sole indicator of whether a child should be placed in a special-education or gifted class. The childs developmental history, medical background, performance in school, social competencies, a

7、nd family experiences should be taken into account, too.The single number provided by many IQ tests can easily lead to stereotypes and expectations about a person. Many people do not know how to sweeping generalizations about a person are too often made on the basis of an IQ score. Imagine, for exam

8、ple, that you are a teacher sitting in the teachers lounge the day after school has started in the fall. You mention a studentJohnny Jones and a fellow teacher remarks that she had Johnny in class last year, and goes on to say that he was a real dunce, pointing out that his IQ is 78. You cannot help

9、 but remember this information, and it may lead you to think that Johnny Jones is not very bright so it is useless to spend much time teaching him. In this way, IQ scores are misused and stereotypes are formed.26. According to the author, intelligence tests _.27. Which of the following statements is

10、 true according to the passage?28. The word “dunce” (Para. 3) stands for _.29. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _.30. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?问题1选项A.cannot be used as the indicator of a persons intelligenceB.can be used for positive purposes and can al

11、so be misusedC.are widely used because it is the sole indicator of ones intelligenceD.are not so effective due to their own shortcomings问题2选项A.The knowledge, skill and the sincerity of the user are the factors determining the effectiveness of the psychological test.B.Since the intelligence tests hav

12、e limitations, their results are not reliable although they are used very often.C.A persons intelligence can be measured with precision and accuracy if he or she takes an intelligence test.D.Whether a child should be placed in a gifted class can easily be decided by his performance in the intelligen

13、ce test.问题3选项A.an average studentB.a slow learnerC.a dancing geniusD.a lazy boy or girl问题4选项A.low score in intelligence test indicate that one is a slow learnerB.intelligence tests are not scientific and must be prohibitedC.teacher should not treat students unequally according to their intelligence

14、differenceD.intelligence tests are often misused and often lead to stereotype问题5选项A.The Merits of Intelligence Tests.B.The Use and Misuse of Intelligence Tests.C.The importance of Intelligence Tests.D.The Limitations of Intelligence Tests.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】26.【选项释义】26. According to th

15、e author, intelligence tests _. 26. 根据作者的观点，智力测试_。A. cannot be used as the indicator of a persons intelligence A. 不能作为一个人智力的指标B. can be used for positive purposes and can also be misused B. 可以用于积极的目的，也可以被滥用C. are widely used because it is the sole indicator of ones intelligence C. 被广泛使用是因为它是智力的唯一指标D

16、. are not so effective due to their own shortcomings D. 不是因为自己的缺点才这么有效【答案】B【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第一段第四句“就像一把锤子一样，智力测试可以被用于积极的目的，也可以被滥用”可知，作者认为智力测试可以用于积极目的，也可以被滥用，该题选择B项“可以用于积极的目的，也可以被滥用”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“不能作为一个人智力的指标”，根据第二段第三句“它们（智力测试）不应该被认为是一个人智力的固定不变的指标”可知，智力测试不应该是智力的唯一测试指标，但还是一个人智力的测试指标，该项属于曲解原文；C项“被广泛

17、使用是因为它是智力的唯一指标”，第二段第一句提到“尽管智力测试有其局限性，但它仍是心理学领域使用最广泛的工具之一”，可知智力测试是广泛使用的工具之一，而不是唯一，该项属于曲解原文；D项“不是因为自己的缺点才这么有效”文中没有提及，该项属于无中生有。27.【选项释义】27. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? 27. 根据文章，下列哪个陈述是正确的？A. The knowledge, skill and the sincerity of the user are the factors deter

18、mining the effectiveness of the psychological test. A. 用户的知识、技能和真诚是决定心理测试效果的因素。B. Since the intelligence tests have limitations, their results are not reliable although they are used very often. B. 由于智力测验有其局限性，尽管经常使用，但其结果并不可靠。C. A persons intelligence can be measured with precision and accuracy if h

19、e or she takes an intelligence test. C. 如果一个人参加智力测试，他或她的智力可以精确和准确地被测量。D. Whether a child should be placed in a gifted class can easily be decided by his performance in the intelligence test. D. 一个孩子是否应该被分到天才班可以很容易地由他在智力测试中的表现来决定。【答案】A【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第一段第二句“像所有工具一样，它们（心理测试）的有效性取决于用户的知识、技能和真诚”可知，用户

20、的知识、技能和真诚决定了心理测试的有效性，故A项“用户的知识、技能和真诚是决定心理测试效果的因素”表述正确，该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B项“由于智力测验有其局限性，尽管经常使用，但其结果并不可靠”，原文提到智力测试有局限性，但是没有强调智力测试的结果不可靠，该项属于曲解原文；C项“如果一个人参加智力测试，他或她的智力可以精确和准确地被测量”，根据第三段第一句“许多智商测试提供的单一数字很容易导致对一个人的刻板印象和期望”可知，智力测试的结果不一定是准确的，该项属于反向干扰；D项“一个孩子是否应该被分到天才班可以很容易地由他在智力测试中的表现来决定”，根据第二段第四句“它们（智力测试）也应该与

21、关于一个人的其他信息一起使用，而不应该作为一个孩子是否应该接受特殊教育或天才班的唯一指标”可知，一个孩子是否应该被分到天才班不应该是通过智力测试中的表现就轻易地决定，该项属于反向干扰。28.【选项释义】28. The word “dunce” (Para. 3) stands for _. 28. 第三段中的单词“dunce”指的是_。A. an average student A. 一个中等生B. a slow learner B. 一个缓慢的学习者C. a dancing genius C. 一个跳舞的天才D. a lazy boy or girl D. 一个懒男孩或者懒女孩【答案】B【考

22、查点】词义推测题。【解题思路】根据关键词dunce定位至第三段第四句“你提到一个学生约翰尼，然后一个老师说她去年让约翰尼上了课，接着又说他是一个真正的dunce，并指出他的智商是78”，从中可以看出，这个老师指出约翰尼的智商是78，说明这个老师并不是在说这个学生聪明，dunce是一个贬义词；结合下一句“你不禁记住这些信息，而它们可能会导致你认为约翰尼不是很聪明，所以花很多时间教他是没有用的”理解可知，花很多时间教这个学生没用，说明他学习速度慢，所以推测dunce表示“一个学习很慢的人”，故该题选择B项“一个缓慢的学习者”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“一个中等生”，中等生不代表学习缓慢，该项属于

23、曲解原文；C项“一个跳舞的天才”和D项“一个懒男孩或者懒女孩”属于无中生有。29.【选项释义】29. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _. 29. 从第三段可以推断_。A. low score in intelligence test indicate that one is a slow learner A. 智力测验得分低表明一个人学习能力较差B. intelligence tests are not scientific and must be prohibited B. 智力测试是不科学的，必须被禁止C. teacher

24、 should not treat students unequally according to their intelligence difference C. 教师不应该根据学生的智力差异不平等地对待他们D. intelligence tests are often misused and often lead to stereotype D. 智力测试经常被滥用，并导致刻板印象【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】首先定位至原文第三段，第一句指出“许多智商测试提供的单一数字很容易导致对一个人的刻板印象和期望”，然后举了一个例子“例如，假设你是一名教师，在秋天放学后的一天坐在教师休

25、息室里。你提到一个学生约翰尼，还有一个老师说她去年让约翰尼上了课，接着又说他是一个真正的笨蛋，并指出他的智商是78。你不禁记住这些信息，而它们可能会导致你认为约翰尼不是很聪明，所以花很多时间教他是没有用的。”，从中可知智商测试提供的单一数字让老师对学生形成了一个刻板印象；接着第三段最后一句指出“这样，智商分数就被滥用了，刻板印象也就形成了”，综合理解可以推断，老师不应该仅凭学生的智力测试结果来差别对待学生，C项“教师不应该根据学生的智力差异不平等地对待他们”符合这一分析，故该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A项“智力测验得分低表明一个人学习能力较差”，第三段指出许多智商测试提供的单一数字很容易导致对

26、一个人的刻板印象和期望，该项与原文相反，属于反向干扰；B项“智力测试是不科学的，必须被禁止”，第三段没有相关表述，该项属于曲解原文；D项“智力测试经常被滥用，并导致刻板印象”，第三段指出，凭借智商测试提供的单一数字很容易导致刻板印象，选项中的often并没有体现，该项属于曲解原文。30.【选项释义】30. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? 30. 下面哪个选项是这篇文章最好的标题？A. The Merits of Intelligence Tests. A. 智力测试的优点。B. The Use and Misus

27、e of Intelligence Tests. B. 智力测试的使用和滥用。C. The importance of Intelligence Tests. C. 智力测试的重要性。D. The Limitations of Intelligence Tests. D. 智力测试的局限性。【答案】D【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】根据第一段中心句“就像一把锤子，智力测试可以被用于积极的目的，也可以被滥用”可知，智力测试既有优点，也有局限性；然后由第二段第二、三句“然而，要想有效地进行智力测试，就必须实事求是地看待它。它们不应该被认为是一个人智力的固定不变的指标。”，以及第三段第一句“许多智

28、商测试提供的单一数字很容易导致对一个人的刻板印象和期望”可以推断出，文章整篇都在讨论智力测试的局限性，所以该题选择D项“智力测试的局限性”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“智力测试的优点”和C项“智力测试的重要性”，文中讨论的是智力测试的缺陷，这两项属于反向干扰；B项“智力测试的使用和滥用”，文中只提到了智力测试的滥用，该项属于以偏概全。4. 单选题Within the hour the show is canceled and everyone returns to the hotel to _ their sorrows.问题1选项A.pourB.swallowC.sufferD.drown【

29、答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. pour倾倒，倒出 B. swallow吞下；咽下C. suffer（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难 D. drown（使）淹死；淹没，浸没【答案】D【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据前半句“不到一小时，演出就取消了”可知，每个人都是沉浸在悲伤之中，所以空格处表示“沉浸”符合句意，而drown ones sorrow可以表示“沉浸在悲伤之中”，所以该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A、B项不符合句意；C项suffer要与from连用，故排除。【句意】不到一小时，演出就取消了，每个人都回到酒店沉浸在忧伤里。5. 翻译题Yoga should be done wit

30、h an open, gentle, and nom critical mind: when one stretches into a yoga position, it can be thought of as accepting and working on ones limits.【答案】瑜伽应该以一种开放、温和、不挑剔的心态来完成：当一个人伸展成瑜伽姿势时，可以被认为是接受并努力达到自己的极限。6. 单选题Passage 3The process of perceiving others is rarely translated (to ourselves or others) int

31、o cold, objective terms. “She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt.” More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint (强调) his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas, and characters. Furthermore we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish

32、this difficult job very quicklyperhaps with a two-second glance.We try to obtain formation about others in many ways. Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others; who are known to you so you can compare the observed persons behavior with the known others behavior, observi

33、ng a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for, deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the persons responses to specific stimuli (刺激因素), asking people who have had or hav

34、e frequent contact with the person about him or her, and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another personquestion, self-disclosures, and so on.Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the method

35、s we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept e idea that we wont ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as se

36、crets and deceptions. It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically, those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e.g. secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of a satisfying relationship as thos

37、e things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e.g. discloses and truthful statement).31. According to the passage, if we perceive a person, we are likely to be interested in _.32. Some people are often surprised by what other people do. According to Berger, that is mainly beca

38、use _.33. We may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him because _.34. There are things that we find preventing us from knowing others. These things are _.35. This passage mainly concerns _.问题1选项A.what he wearsB.how tall he isC.how happy he isD.what color he dyes his ha

39、ir问题2选项A.some people are more emotional than othersB.some people are not aware of the fact that we will never completely know another personC.some people are sensitive enough to sense the change of other peoples attitudesD.some people choose to keep to themselves问题3选项A.we dont accept the idea that w

40、e might never fully know another personB.we often get information in a casual and inexact wayC.we pay more attention to other peoples motivations and emotionsD.we often have face-to-face conversation with him问题4选项A.disclosuresB.deceptionsC.stimuliD.interactions问题5选项A.the perception of other peopleB.

41、the relationship between peopleC.secrets and deceptions of peopleD.peoples attitudes and character【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A【解析】31.【选项释义】31. According to the passage, if we perceive a person, we are likely to be interested in _. 31. 根据文章，如果我们感知一个人，我们可能会对_感兴趣。A. what he wears A. 他的穿着B. how tall he

42、 is B. 他的身高C. how happy he is C. 他有多快乐D. what color he dyes his hair D. 他染什么颜色的头发【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第一段第三句“更多的时候（More often），我们试图进入对方的内心，找出他或她的态度、情感、动机、能力、想法和性格”可知，在感知一个人的时候，我们更多的是进入对方的内心，感知他或她的态度、情感、动机、能力、想法和性格，C项“他有多快乐”属于情感上的感知，故该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A项“他的穿着”、B项“他的身高”和D项“他染什么颜色的头发”都不属于感知对方内心的内容，这三项属于

43、曲解原文。32.【选项释义】32. Some people are often surprised by what other people do. According to Berger, that is mainly because _. 32. 有些人经常对别人的所作所为感到惊讶。伯杰认为，这主要是因为_。A. some people are more emotional than others A. 有些人比其他人更情绪化B. some people are not aware of the fact that we will never completely know another

44、 person B. 有些人没有意识到我们永远不会完全了解另一个人的事实C. some people are sensitive enough to sense the change of other peoples attitudes C. 有些人很敏感，能感觉到别人态度的变化D. some people choose to keep to themselves D. 有些人选择独来独往【答案】B【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第三段倒数第二句“这也会让我们不会对看似不一致的行为感到太惊讶或震惊”，其中“这”指的是上一句“如果我们接受我们永远无法完全了解另一个人的想法，它会使

45、我们更容易处理那些妨碍我们获得准确知识的事情”，理解可知如果我们接受我们永远无法完全了解另一个人的想法，我们对看似不一致的行为不会感到太惊讶，反之我们对别人的所作所为感到惊讶的原因是我们没有认识到我们永远不会完全了解另一个人，故该题选择B项“有些人没有意识到我们永远不会完全了解另一个人的事实”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“有些人比其他人更情绪化”、C项“有些人很敏感，能感觉到别人态度的变化”和D项“有些人选择独来独往”文中都没有提及，这三项属于无中生有。33.【选项释义】33. We may have known someone for ten years and still know ver

46、y little about him because _. 33. 我们可能已经认识一个人十年了，但仍然对他知之甚少，因为_。A. we dont accept the idea that we might never fully know another person A. 我们不接受我们可能永远无法完全了解另一个人的想法B. we often get information in a casual and inexact way B. 我们经常以一种随意而不准确的方式获得信息C. we pay more attention to other peoples motivations and

47、emotions C. 我们更关注他人的动机和情绪D. we often have face-to-face conversation with him D. 我们经常和他面对面交谈【答案】B【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第三段第二句“你可能已经认识一个人十年了，但仍然对他知之甚少”，前一句指出“了解一个人是一项永无止境的任务，这很大程度上是因为人们在不断变化，而我们获取信息的方法往往不精确（the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise）”，理解可知，我们可能认识一个人十年，但我们仍然对他知之甚少，这

48、是因为人们是不断变化的，而我们获取信息的方式是随意而不准确的，所以该题选择B项“我们经常以一种随意而不准确的方式获得信息”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“我们不接受我们可能永远无法完全了解另一个人的想法”是我们对看似不一致的行为感到惊讶的原因，而不是认识很久的人知之甚少的原因，该项属于张冠李戴；C项“我们更关注他人的动机和情绪”和D项“我们经常和他面对面交谈”文中没有提及，这两项属于无中生有。34.【选项释义】34. There are things that we find preventing us from knowing others. These things are _. 34. 我

49、们发现有些事情阻碍了我们了解他人。这些东西是_。A. disclosures A. 公开的事情B. deceptions B. 欺骗C. stimuli C. 刺激因素D. interactions D. 互动【答案】B【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据原文最后一句“具有讽刺意味的是，对于发展一段令人满意的关系来说，那些使我们无法了解对方的东西（如秘密和欺骗）可能与那些使我们能够准确了解对方的东西（如公开和诚实的陈述）同样重要”理解可知，阻碍我们了解他人的事情是一些秘密和欺骗，B项“欺骗”符合题意，故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A项“公开的事情”是促进我们能够准确了解对方的事物，该项属于反

50、向干扰；C项“刺激因素”和D项“互动”文中没有提及，这两项属于无中生有。35.【选项释义】35. This passage mainly concerns _. 35. 这篇文章主要是关于_。A. the perception of other people A. 对他人的感知B. the relationship between people B. 人与人之间的关系C. secrets and deceptions of people C. 人们的秘密和欺骗D. peoples attitudes and character D. 人的态度和性格【答案】A【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】根

51、据第一段第一句“感知他人的过程（对我们自己或他人来说）很少被翻译成冷冰冰的、客观的术语”，以及最后一段第一句“了解一个人是一项永无止境的任务，这很大程度上是因为人们在不断变化，而我们获取信息的方法往往不精确”可知，文章主要讨论的内容是感知他人；而第二段讲述的是了解他人的一些方式，所以综合理解可以推断，这篇文章主要是关于对他人的感知，该题选择A项“对他人的感知”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“人与人之间的关系”文中没有提及，该项属于无中生有；C项“人们的秘密和欺骗”和D项“人的态度和性格”分别在第三段和第一段提到，但表述太片面，这两项属于以偏概全。7. 单选题He does not _ his w

52、orkmate, and there are often disagreements between them.问题1选项A.go on withB.put up withC.get along withD.keep up with【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. go on with继续；进行 B. put up with忍受，容忍C. get along with与和睦相处；取得进展 D. keep up with赶得上；和保持联系【答案】C【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】根据后半句“他们之间经常有分歧”可知，他和他的同事之间的关系不是很好，所以空格处表示“和睦相处”符合句意，故该题选择

53、C项。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。【句意】他和他的同事相处不好，他们之间经常有分歧。8. 单选题It is obvious that this applicable to everyone without _.问题1选项A.exceptionB.excisionC.modificationD.substitution【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. exception一般情况以外的人（或事物）；例外 B. excision切除；删除C. modification改进；改变 D. substitution代替；替换【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息applicab

54、le to everyone（适用于每一个人）可知，每个人都适用，也就是说没有一个例外，without exception是常见用法，表示“无例外地，全部”，故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】显然，这适用于每个人，无一例外。9. 单选题Fred doesnt like white coffee, nor does he like to put cream on his strawberries, because he prefers them _.问题1选项A.naturalB.plainC.simpleD.ordinary【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. nat

55、ural自然的；天然的 B. plain朴素的；简单的C. simple简单的 D. ordinary普通的；平常的【答案】B【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】按照主句内容“弗雷德不喜欢加牛奶的咖啡，也不喜欢在草莓上加奶油”可推知，他喜欢吃原滋原味的食物，plain可以表示食物等素净、清淡的，所以该题选择B项恰当。【干扰项排除】A项、D项不符合句意；C项指人或事物拥有他们所需要的所有基本或必要的东西，或者某件事物易于理解，不符合语境。【句意】弗雷德不喜欢加牛奶的咖啡，也不喜欢在草莓上加奶油，因为他喜欢原味的食物。10. 单选题_ elephants are different from wil

56、d elephants in many aspects, including their tempers.问题1选项A.CultivatedB.RegulatedC.CivilD.Tame【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. Cultivated用于耕作的；有教养的 B. Regulated调节的C. Civil国民的；平民的 D. Tame养驯的，驯服的【答案】D【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】按照句意“_的大象和野象在很多方面都不一样，包括它们的脾气”可知，野象脾气不稳定，而驯服的大象会更温顺，所以空格处表示“驯服的”符合句意，该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。【句意】驯

57、象和野象在很多方面都不一样，包括它们的脾气。11. 单选题Passage 2Polyester (聚酯) is now being used for bottles, ICI, the chemicals and plastics company, believes that it is now beginning to break the grip of glass on the bottle business and thus take advantage of this huge market.All the plastics manufacturers have been experi

58、encing hard times as their traditional products have been doing badly world-wide for the last few years. Between 1982 and 1984 the Plastics Division of ICI had lost a hundred and twenty million dollars, and they felt that the most hopeful new market was in packaging, bottles and cans.Since 1982 it h

59、as opened three new factories producing Melina, the raw material from which high quit polyester boles are made.The polyester bottle was born in the 1970s, when soft drinks companies like Coca Cola started selling their drinks in giant two-liter containers. Because of the build-up of the pressure of

60、gas in these large containers, glass was unsuitable. Nor was PVC, the plastic which had been used for bottles since the 1960s, suitable for drinks with gas in them. A new plastic had to be made.Glass is still cheaper for the smaller bottles, and will continue to be so unless oil and plastic become m

61、uch cheaper, but plastic does well for the larger sizes.Polyester bottles are virtually unbreakable. The manufacturers claim they are also lighter, less noisy when being handled, and can be reused. Shopkeepers and other business people are unlikely to object to a change from glass to polyester, sinc

62、e these bottles mean few breakages, which are costly and time-consuming. The public, though, have been more difficult to persuade.ICIs commercial department is developing different bottles with interesting shapes, to try and make them visually more attractive to the public.The next step could be to develop a plastic which could replace tins for food. The problem here is the high temperatures necessary for cooking the food in the container.26. Plastics of various kin