2022年考博英语-扬州大学考试名师点拨押题密卷11（含答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-扬州大学考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 单选题Many（ ）came to the Presidents reception.问题1选项A.personB.charactersC.peopleD.notables【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。person“人”；character“性格，品质”；people“人，人类”；notable“名人，显要人物”。句意：许多显要人物前来参加总统的招待会。2. 单选题These funds will come with stringent conditions that will impose external financi

2、al controls and（ ）heavily on Icelands hard-won sovereign independence.问题1选项A.impingeB.affectC.afflictD.impact【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项impinge“妨碍，侵犯”；B选项affect“影响，感染”，一般和介词to搭配；C选项afflict“折磨，使痛苦”；D选项impact“影响，冲突”。句意：这些资金将附带严格的条件，强制实施外部金融控制，并严重侵犯了冰岛来之不易的主权独立。这里是指侵犯主权，所以选项A更符合语境。3. 单选题The car engine may（ ）as

3、 we go up the hill.问题1选项A.extinguishB.stallC.ceaseD.start【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。extinguish“熄灭，压制，消灭”；stall“熄火，拖延”；cease“停止，结束”；start“开始”。句意：当我们上山时，汽车发动机可能会熄火。B项符合题意。4. 单选题He was confronted by a vision of burning vehicles and slashed bodied, strewn on a ground（ ）with abandoned clothes, shoes, passports and

4、wrecked household goods.问题1选项A.crammedB.loadedC.permeatedD.littered【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。litter with意为“散落着，将乱扔在处”。句意：他看到的是燃烧的车辆和被砍伤的身体，地上散落着丢弃的衣服、鞋子、护照和毁坏的家用物品。选项D符合语境。5. 写作题Directions: Write a composition of about 250 words to express your own opinions on the following topic:How to Protect Intellectual P

5、roperty Rights in Doing Academic ResearchNotes: In the first part of your writing, you should state clearly the thesis statement (i.e. your main argument), and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a n

6、atural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.【答案】略6. 单选题Investors are being encouraged to continue ploughing their savings into the stock market after shares in Lon

7、don recovered all the losses incurred since September 11. The advice comes despite Americas Dow Jones industrial average tumbling on Friday after a case of anthrax was diagnosed in New York. Consumer spending in America also slumped by more than three times economists predictions in September, pushi

8、ng share prices back below pre-attack levels.The FTSE 100 index of Britains largest companies closed on Friday at 5,145 up 112 points on its September 10 close. The Dow in New York rallied late on to close at 9,344, down 66 points. Although most experts are predicting further volatility in the comin

9、g months, they remain cautiously optimistic that the FTSE 100 will begin a sustained, if rocky, rally towards 5,500 by the end of the year. The immediate economic outlook is still bleak. Some commentators predict that America will endure a recession lasting six months. They also expect Britain to su

10、ffer a sharp slowdown. But analysts say the market is well placed to absorb any further bad news.Sharp economic downturns can, perversely, be good for the market because they force firms to be more cost-efficient. Therefore, any announcements about rising unemployment or corporate streamlining could

11、 have a positive effect on shares. Of more concern to private investors is the impact that another terrorist attack would have on shares. If this were to happen, the market would almost certainly slump again. But history suggests that it would, once again, make up any lost ground within weeks.Expert

12、s are therefore urging private investors not to repeat their past mistakes, when they waited for a sustained rally before feeling confident enough to invest. Cross said, “Its peculiar that investors feel its safer to invest after the market has risen by 25% than when it has fallen by 25%. Common sen

13、se suggests that the opposite would be more appropriate.” Mike Lenhoff of Gerrard, the stockbroker, said that if the market hit 5 500 and remained around that level for some weeks, it would be a sign that further, sustained gains were imminent. He said, “Getting back to 5 500 would be important, bec

14、ause if the index stayed at that level, the psychology of the market would change substantially. Defensive shares would become too expensive and big investors would start moving into value stocks, which are the type of firms that do well in an economic recovery.”But private investors could be forgiv

15、en for their pessimistic mood, as nearly all Isa buyers have suffered big losses. But investors can take some comfort from the fact that the next three months are traditionally the best-performing period of the year for the stock market. David Schwartz, the stock-market historian, said the index alm

16、ost always rose in the period between November and April. Since 1974, the market went up on 24 occasions between November and April, by an average of 15%, and dropped only three times. Schwartz said, “Its no guarantee for this year, but history is on our side.”1.We learn from the first paragraph tha

17、t（ ）.2.The reason why some experts remain cautiously optimistic about the FTSE is that they believe that（ ）.3.In the present situation, corporate downsizing may（ ）.4.Experts advise private investors to avoid their past mistakes by（ ）.5.From the last sentence of the passage, we may infer that Schwart

18、z believes that（ ）.问题1选项A.FTSE 100 index fell immediately after September 11B.Dow Jones industrial index is now beginning to pick upC.Consumer spending is having a positive effect on the stock marketD.Share prices in America have risen contrary to most predictions问题2选项A.the American economy will be

19、able to resist further downturnB.the Dow Jones index in New York will stop tumbling soonC.the market will absorb any further shock from bad newsD.the economic situation in Britain and America will take an upturn in 6 months问题3选项A.sharp economic downturnB.produce a positive effect on sharesC.cause th

20、e market to slump againD.enable the market to regain any lost ground问题4选项A.withholding any investment until the market has risen by 25%B.investing when the FTSE rallies back to 5 500C.investing only in those firms which show signs of recoveryD.investing when the stock market shows signs of upturn问题5

21、选项A.the market will be most likely to go up between November and AprilB.the market will drop by an average of 15% between November and AprilC.the market will not likely go up in the next three monthsD.it is quite rational to take a pessimistic altitude towards the stock market【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:

22、D第5题:A【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第一段的内容，在伦敦股市收复了9.11以来的全部损失后，投资者被鼓励继续将他们的储蓄投入股市。尽管美国道琼斯工业平均指数在纽约被诊断出炭疽病例后在周五暴跌，该建议还是出现了。九月份，美国的消费支出也下跌了超过经济学家预测的三倍，将股价推回到袭击前的水平之下。由此可知，“911”事件后，英国富时100指数立即下跌，选项A符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第二段最后两句“Some commentators predict that America will endure a recession lasting six months. They also expe

23、ct Britain to suffer a sharp slowdown. But analysts say the market is well placed to absorb any further bad news. 一些评论家预测，美国将经历长达6个月的经济衰退。他们还预计英国经济将急剧放缓。但分析师表示，市场已经做好准备，可以消化任何进一步的坏消息。”A选项“美国经济将能够抵御进一步的衰退”和B选项“纽约的道琼斯指数将很快停止下跌”在文中没有提及，选项D“英国和美国的经济形势将在6个月内好转”不符合原文。选项C“市场将消化任何进一步的坏消息”符合原文3.细节事实题。根据第三段第二

24、句“any announcements about rising unemployment or corporate streamlining could have a positive effect on shares. 任何有关失业率上升或公司裁员的消息，都可能对股价产生积极影响。”所以选项B正确。4.判断推理题。题干意思是“专家建议私人投资者避免过去的错误，在”。根据倒数第二段第一句Experts are therefore urging private invertors not to repeat their past mistakes, when they waited for a

25、 sustained rally before feeling confident enough to invest.（因此，专家们敦促私人投资者不要重蹈覆辙，不要等到股市持续上涨时才有足够的信心进行投资）和第四段if the market hit 5500 and remained around that level for some weeks, it would be a sign that further, sustained gains were imminent.（如果股市达到5500点，并在这一水平附近保持数周，这将表明，进一步持续的上涨即将到来）可推断，私人投资者可以在股市好转

26、的时候进行投资，故D项“当股票市场显示好转迹象时进行投资”正确；B项“当富时指数回升至5500点时投资”与原文不符；由Its peculiar that investors feel its safer to invest after the market has risen by 25% than when it has fallen by 25%. Common sense suggests that the opposite would be more appropriate.（奇怪的是，投资者觉得在股市上涨25%后投资比下跌25%时更安全；常识告诉我们，相反的措辞会更合适）可知，市场下

27、跌25%比股市上涨25%后投资更安全，A项“在市场上涨25%之前不做任何投资”错误；C项“只投资那些有复苏迹象的公司”原文没有提到。因此，该题选择D项正确。5.判断推理题。根据最后一段的最后一句“Schwartz said, Its no guarantee for this year, but history is on our side. Schwartz说，今年不敢保证，但历史总是站在我们这一边。”上文提到，股票市场历史学家Schwartz 表示，股票指数在11月4月期间几乎总是上涨的。所以选项A符合原文。7. 单选题Almost as a（ ）to the revival of Gre

28、ek knowledge and values came the revival of interest in mathematics.问题1选项A.corollaryB.outcomeC.consequenceD.results【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项corollary“推论，必然的结果”；B选项outcome“结局，成果”；C选项consequence“重要性，推论”；D选项results“后果”。句意：希腊知识和价值观的复兴几乎是必然的结果，人们对数学的兴趣也随之复苏。选项A更符合语境。8. 翻译题2. Translate the following into Englis

29、h. (10%)中国政府已做出了重大的努力，动员人民因地制宜地开展改善生态环境的工作。我们还要做出更大的努力来提高人们的环境意识。需要新闻媒体广泛宣传我国的环境政策，普及环境知识，使每一个人投入保护生态环境的行动中去。【答案】The Chinese government has made great efforts to mobilize people to improve ecological environment according to local conditions. We will double our effort to raise people s awareness of

30、environment. The news media are needed to publicize the environmental policy in our country, popularize the knowledge about environment, making every citizen take an active part in ecological environment protection.9. 单选题People usually express their interests by what they habitually talk about and h

31、ow they allocate their time and money. For example, Allan spends at least as much time watching the stock market as he（ ）.问题1选项A.writesB.does writingC.is writingD.does to write【答案】B【解析】考查语法结构。句意：人们通常通过他们习惯谈论的话题以及他们如何分配时间和金钱来表达他们的兴趣。例如，艾伦花在观察股市上的时间至少和他写作的时间一样多。分析句子结构可知，asas表示同级之间的比较，前后时态语态应保持一致，前面使用的

32、是动名词watching，后面同样也应该使用动名词，由此可首先排除选项A和选项D；其次，如果填入C选项句子表达不完整，应使用助动词does来指代spends time，所以选项B正确。10. 单选题The international situation has been growing（ ）difficult for the last few years.问题1选项A.invariablyB.presumablyC.increasinglyD.dominantly【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项invariably“不变地”；B选项presumably“大概，推测起来”；C选项incre

33、asingly“越来越多地”；D选项dominantly“有统治权地”。句意：最近几年里，国际形势日益严峻。选项C符合句意。11. 单选题The health administrative department of a city with districts shall designate at least one（ ）medical institution to take and treat AIDS victims and AIDS virus carriers.问题1选项A.illegibleB.legibleC.eligibleD.ineligible【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析

34、。A选项illegible“字迹模糊的”；B选项legible“清晰的”；C选项eligible“合格的，符合条件的”；D选项ineligible“不合格的”。句意：设区的市卫生行政部门应当指定至少一家符合条件的医疗机构，接收和治疗艾滋病患者和艾滋病病毒携带者。选项C符合句意。12. 单选题The report includes a tale of how an honorable man pursuing honorable goals was afflicted with（ ）and led his nation towards catastrophe.问题1选项A.prideB.humi

35、lityC.gratificationD.hubris【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项pride“自豪，傲慢”；B选项humility“谦逊”；C选项gratification“满意，喜悦”；D选项hubris“狂妄自大”。句意：这个报告包括了一个故事， 的是一个高贵的人是如何追求崇高的目标，却由于狂妄自大而受到折磨，从而使他的国家走向灾难。选项D符合语境。13. 单选题Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, fortunately, the number of

36、 such reasons is smallPruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way.First, pruning may be done to make sure t

37、hat trees have a desired shape or sizeThe object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shapeSecondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthierYou may cut out diseased or de

38、ad wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus causing woundsThe health of a tree may be encouraged by removing the branches that are locking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air.One result of pruning is that an open would is left on the tree and this provides

39、an easy entry for diseases, but it is a wound that will healOften there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, or that there is a period when the tree is at riskIt should be the aim of every gardener to reduce the risk as far as possibleIt is essential

40、 to make the area which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughnessYou should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purposePruning is usually done in winter

41、, for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without the interference from the leaves and it is, too, very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleedIf this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly.1.Pruning is probably usually done to （ ）.2. Trees become unhealthy if

42、 the gardener ( ).问题1选项A.make the small branches thicker.B.get rid of the small branches.C.improve the shape of the tree.D.make the tree grow taller.问题2选项A.damages some of the small side branches.B.forces them to grow too quickly.C.does not protect them from the wind.D.allows too many branches to gr

43、ow in the middle.问题3选项A.To help a wound to dry.B.To cover a rough surface.C.To prevent disease entering a wound.D.To make a wound smooth.问题4选项A.regularly every winter.B.occasionally when necessary.C.as quickly as possible.D.at intervals throughout the year.问题5选项A.To discuss different methods of prun

44、ing.B.To explain how trees develop disease.C.To give a general description of pruning.D.To give practical instruction for pruning a tree.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段第一句指出：First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size (首先，修剪可以确保树有一个理想的形状或大小)。由此可知，修剪通常

45、是为了“改善树的形状”，故选C。2.判断推理题。第二段最后一句指出：The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing the branches that are locking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air (修剪掉挡在中间而阻止了空气自由流通的树枝，可以让树更健康)。由此可知，如果园丁让太多的树枝在中间生长，树就会不健康。D选项正确。3.判断推理题。最后一段第一句指出：One result of pruning is that an open would i

46、s left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for diseases, but it is a wound that will heal(修剪的一个后果是树上留下一个缺口，这为疾病提供了一个容易的入口，但这是一个可以愈合的伤口)。因此树被涂上一种特殊材料终究是为了“防止疾病通过修剪口侵入”。B项和D项都是干扰项，虽然后面提到：It is essential to make the area which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by

47、 roughness (修剪过的区域必须光滑干净，因为粗糙会减缓愈合速度)。但它们并不是最终原因。因此本题选C。4.判断推理题。第一段指出：Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and (只有在有充分和明确的理由时才应该修剪树木)。由此推断，B项“必要时偶尔修剪”正确。5.主旨大意题。本文开头讲了修剪的原因，方法，后面讲了修剪的后果极其处理方法，因此C项“概述修剪”比较能概括本文主旨。14. 单选题In the past forty years, weather foreca

48、sting has become almost（ ）computerized.问题1选项A.centrallyB.totallyC.nationallyD.extremely【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项centrally“在中心”；B选项totally“完全地”；C选项nationally“全国性地” D选项extremely“非常，极其”。句意：在过去的四十年里，天气预报已经几乎完全计算机化了。因此B项符合句意。15. 单选题Despite the opposition from his family, the boy remained（ ） in his decision to

49、marry her.问题1选项A.faithfulB.constantC.staunchD.resolute【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项faithful“忠诚的”；B选项constant“不变的”；C选项staunch“坚定的，忠诚的”；D选项resolute“坚决的，果断的”。句意：尽管遭到家人的反对，男孩还是下定决心要娶她。这里是指果断的下定决心，所以选项D符合语境。16. 单选题Intensive requirements, rather than content, distinguish masters-level courses from undergraduate co

50、urses. The content is specialized, but often no more so than in upper-level undergraduate courses in British Commonwealth or European universities. First-year American graduate students are, in a sense, catching up. Yet they are also learning to work under more pressure than undergraduates in the Un

51、ited States of elsewhere.It is not quite accurate to equate first-year graduate study with the masters degree; in addition, most masters programs require more than a years work, and more than course work. They can be equated in their purpose: to acquaint the student with the literature, the current

52、ideas, the methodologies, etc., of his or her field. The first year of graduate study is best characterized, then, as a reading program.All in all, the masters program is less easily defined than undergraduate curricula. The number of residence credits may be effectively determined by an accrediting

53、 agency (评审机构) and will vary from field to field. In some curricula (e.g. clinical psychology), a mandatory internship or practical training leads to 2 to 3 years of study, whereas an M.B.A may be completed in 18 months. The final requirement in a masters program may be a thesis, a comprehensive exa

54、m, or both, or course papers collected and bound as a thesis-substitute. There may or may not be a foreign language requirement.The masters degree itself may be defined as a certificate of competence in a reasonably specialized field. We may note here that many American educators oppose narrow speci

55、alization at masters and even at doctoral level; they complain of highly trained engineers who know nothing of the social sciences, of physicians who dont understand human psychology, and of literature Ph.D. s who ignorant of science. Effective graduate education, in this view, is the process of lea

56、rning to find data, to evaluate it, and to organize it meaningfully.1.First-year American graduate students（ ）.2.It is suggested that（ ）.3.In order to get M.B.A, you must（ ）.4.Which one of the following final requirements is necessary in masters program?5.Which of the following statements is NOT men

57、tioned?问题1选项A.are catching up with European UniversitiesB.are catching up with undergraduates in the Unites States or elsewhereC.are learning to work under more pressure than undergraduatesD.American undergraduates have no pressure问题2选项A.the first year graduates read a lotB.the first year graduates

58、are working for the masters degreeC.the first year graduate are reading English literatureD.the first year graduates are just having course work问题3选项A.have internship or practical trainingB.study 18 monthsC.study a foreign languageD.study 2 or 3 years问题4选项A.Course creditsB.Foreign languagesC.A thesi

59、sD.A graduation project问题5选项A.American educators complain of highly trained engineers who dont know anything about social science.B.American educators complain of physicians who dont understand human psychology.C.American educators complain of literature Ph. D s who are ignorant of science.D.America

60、n educators complain of the graduate education, which is the process of learning to find date, to evaluate it, and to organize it meaningfully.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段最后指出：First-year American graduate students are, in a sense, catching up. Yet they are also learning to work under

61、 more pressure than undergraduates in the United States of elsewhere(从某种意义上说，一年级美国研究生正在迎头赶上。然而，与美国其他地方的大学生相比，他们也在学习如何在更大的压力下工作)。因此C项正确。2.判断推理题。第二段最后一句指出：The first year of graduate study is best characterized, then, as a reading program (研究生学习的第一年最好被描述为“阅读阶段”)，由此推断，研究生学习的第一年会阅读大量书籍。3.细节事实题。第三段指出：wher

62、eas an M.B.A may be completed in 18 months (而工商管理硕士学位可能在18个月内完成)。故选B项。4.细节事实题。第三段最后一句指出：The final requirement in a masters program may be a thesis, a comprehensive exam, or both, or course papers collected and bound as a thesis-substitute. There may or may not be a foreign language requirement (硕士课程

63、的最终要求可能是一篇论文，一次综合考试，或者两者兼而有之，或者收集并装订成论文替代品的课程论文。可能有也可能没有外语要求)。因此C项正确。5.细节事实题。最后一段指出：they complain of highly trained engineers who know nothing of the social sciences, of physicians who dont understand human psychology, and of literature Ph.D.s who ignorant of science. Effective graduate education, in this view, is the process of learning to find data, to ev