2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷29（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题It made him uncomfortable to（ ）his plan and think of something new.问题1选项A.switchB.transferC.shiftD.alter【答案】D【解析】句意:改变计划或另想新的路子,都使他感到不舒服。考查动词辨析。switch 转换,挥动;transfer 使转移,调任;shift 转移,替换;alter 改变,更改。因此D符合句意。2. 单选题I recommend that the planning（ ）until all the m

2、aterials have been supplied.问题1选项A.is not startedB.will not be startedC.not be startedD.is not to be started【答案】C【解析】句意:我建议应该在所有的材料己被提供后才启动这个计划。语法题。考查虚拟语气。句子谓语为recommend,表示要求建议,这类动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气: (should) +原形动词，且should 般会省略,故选C。3. 单选题Going into the dining room where the banquet was given last night

3、, I can see the（ ）are still on the table.问题1选项A.remainsB.relicsC.remnantsD.surplus【答案】A【解析】句意:走进昨晚举行宴会的餐厅后，我能看到剩余的饭菜依然在桌上。考查名词辨析。四个选项均为对应名词的复数形式。remain 遗迹，剩余（物），残骸；relics 遗物，纪念物；remnant 剩余（主要的部分被使用后的剩余），遗迹；surplus 剩余 （指超过需要数量之外的剩余），贸易顺差，盈余。因此A符合句意。4. 单选题For years now, the people of that faraway coun

4、try have been cruelly（ ）by a dictator.问题1选项A.depressedB.immersedC.oppressedD.cursed【答案】C【解析】句意:多少年来，那个偏僻国度的人民一直遭受着一个独裁者的压迫。考查动词辨析。四个选项分别为对应动词的过去分词形式表被动,表示“被独裁者”。depress使沮丧，压抑，使萧条;immerse （in） 沉浸，使专心于；oppress 压迫;curse 诅咒。故C符合句意。5. 单选题Just remember one thing that（ ）decisions often lead to bitter regre

5、ts.问题1选项A.hastyB.promptC.urgentD.instant【答案】A【解析】句意:请只需记住一件事，即轻率的决定经常导致痛苦的遗憾。考查形容词辨析。hasty匆忙的，仓促而就的，草率的；prompt 敏捷的，迅速的，立刻的;urgent 紧急的，急迫的；instant 立即的，紧急的，紧迫的。因此A符合句意。6. 单选题Some criminals were printing（ ）dollar bills until they were arrested.问题1选项A.decentB.fakeC.patentD.suspicious【答案】B【解析】句意:有些罪犯直到被逮

6、捕吋还正在印刷伪造的美钞。考查形容词辨析。decent像样的，相当不错的，正派的，得体的，相当好的；fake 假的，伪造的，冒充的；patent 专利的，显然的；suspicious 可疑的，怀疑的，多疑的。故B符合句意。7. 单选题At the end of the Second World War, American spending on research and development（ ） half the worlds total; today, it has dropped to one third.问题1选项A.made upB.made forC.made up forD.m

7、ade from【答案】A【解析】句意:二战结束吋，美国在研究和发展上的支出占世界在这些方面总支出的一半，如今该比例下降到了三分之一。考查短语辨析。选项均为对应短语的过去式。make up 和解，和好，组成，构成，编造，化妆，拿定主意;make for 为生产；走向，有利于，扑向；make up for 补偿，弥补，补救；make from 由制造，用制成，以谋生。8. 单选题There is supposed to be a safety（ ）which makes it impossible for trains to collide, thus it can avoid heavy lo

8、sses.问题1选项A.applianceB.accessoryC.machineD.mechanism【答案】D【解析】句意:应该要有一个可以避免火车相撞的机制，从而避免重大损失。考查名词辨析。appliance 器具，器械，装置，家用电器；accessory 配件，附件，法从犯，（衣服的）配饰；machine 机械；mechanism 机制，机械 装置。因此D符合句意。9. 单选题He has given（ ）excuses for being late; but none of them is true.问题1选项A.numberB.numeralC.numerableD.numerou

9、s【答案】D【解析】句意:他给出很多迟到的理由，但是没有一个是真的。考查形容词辨析。number 数字，号码；numeral 数字，数码;numerable 可数的，可计算的；numerous 很多的，许多的。根据后面句意“但是没有一个是真的”可知D符合句意。10. 单选题I couldnt be present myself, but I sent my（ ）to the meeting.问题1选项A.delegateB.specimenC.representativeD.representation【答案】C【解析】句意:我本人不能亲自出席，可我派了代表出席会议。考查名词辨析。Delega

10、te 代表，代表团成员，指委派到别处代某一机构或某 （些）人行事的人；specimen 样本，抽样；representative 代表，代销人，词义较广，可指选 举或委派的代表，还可表示某一种人的代表人物；representation表现，陈述。根据前半句句意可知C符合句意。11. 单选题The damage to my car was（ ）in the accident, but I have a lingering fear even today.问题1选项A.insufficientB.ambiguousC.negligibleD.ignorance【答案】C【解析】句意:事故中，我的车

11、损伤并不严重，但我至今仍然心有余悸。考查形容词辨析。insufficient 不足 的，不够的；ambiguous 含糊的，不确定的；negligible 无足轻重的，微不足道的；ignorance无知，愚昧。But表转折,后面句意为:我至今仍然心有余悸。因此可知C符合句意。12. 单选题The TV program is so（ ）that I cant move my eyes away from the screen.问题1选项A.freestandingB.devastatingC.compellingD.fascinating【答案】D【解析】句意:这个电视节目如此吸引人,以至于我眼

12、睛不能从屏幕上移开。考查形容词辨析。freestanding 独立式的;devastating 毁灭性的;compelling 引人注目的,强制的,激发兴趣的;fascinating 迷人的,吸引人的,使人祌魂颠倒的。由后半句句意可知D正确。13. 单选题When global warming finally came, it stuck with a vengeance. In some regions, temperatures rose several degrees in less than a century. Sea levels shot up nearly 400 feet,

13、flooding coastal settlements and forcing people to migrate inland. Deserts spread throughout the world as vegetation shifted drastically in North America, Europe and Asia. After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radi

14、cally new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease. The adaptation was farming: the global-warming crisis that gave rise to it happened more than 10,000 years ago.As environmentalists convene in Rio de Janeiro this week to ponder the global climate of the future, earth sc

15、ientists are in the midst of a revolution in understanding how climate has changed in the past and how those changes have transformed human existence. Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that have combined to change the

16、planets environment from hot to cold, wet to dry and back again over a time period stretching back hundreds of millions of years.Most importantly, scientists are beginning to realize that the climatic changes have had a major impact on the evolution of the human species. New research now suggests th

17、at climate shifts have played a key role in nearly every significant turning point in human evolution: from the dawn of primates （灵长目动物）some 65 million years ago to human ancestors rising up to walk on two legs, from the huge expansion of the human brain to the rise of agriculture. Indeed, the human

18、 history has not been merely touched by global climate change, some scientists argue, it has in some instances been driven by it.The new research has profound implications for the environmental summit in Rio. Among other things, the findings demonstrate that dramatic climate change is nothing new fo

19、r planet Earth. The benign （宜人的）global environment that has existed over the past 10,000 yearsduring which agriculture, writing, cities and most other features of civilization appearedis a mere bright spot in a much larger pattern of widely varying climate over the ages. In fact, the pattern of clim

20、ate change in the past reveals that Earths climate will almost certainly go through dramatic changes in the futureeven without the influence of human activity.1. Farming emerged as a survival strategy because man had been obliged（ ）.2. Earth scientists have come to understand that climate（ ）.3. Scie

21、ntists believe that human evolution（ ）.4. Evidence of past climatic changes indicates that（ ）.5. The message the author wishes to convey in the passage is that（ ）.问题1选项A.to give up his former way of lifeB.to leave the coastal areasC.to follow the ever-shifting vegetationD.to abandon his original set

22、tlement问题2选项A.is going through a fundamental changeB.has been getting warmer for 10,000 yearsC.will eventually change from hot to coldD.has gone through periodical changes问题3选项A.has seldom been accompanied by climatic changesB.has exerted little influence on climatic changesC.has largely been affect

23、ed by climatic changesD.had had a major impact on climatic changes问题4选项A.human activities have accelerated changes of Earths environmentB.Earths environment will remain mild despite human interferenceC.Earths climate is bound to change significantly in the futureD.Earths climate is unlikely to under

24、go substantial changes in the future问题5选项A.human civilization remains glorious though it is affected by climatic changesB.mankind is virtually helpless in the face of the dramatic changes of climateC.man has to limit his activities to slow down the global warming processD.human civilization will con

25、tinue to develop in spite of the changes of nature【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。第段指出: After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and dise

26、ase (在迫使自己周边的很多动物几乎绝灭后，人类被迫放弃旧的生活方式而选择导致大范围饥荒和疾病的全新生存策略),因此选A:放弃自己向前的生活方式。2.判断推理题。第二段指出:Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that have combined to change the planets environment from hot to cold, wet to dry and back again

27、 over a time period stretching back hundreds of millions of years (研究者己开始去拼凑一副有启示性的图片，展示了强大的地质和天文力量，这些力量共同改变了地球的环境，从热到冷，从湿到干，再到几亿年前的某个时期)。由此可知D “已经历阶段性的变化”正确。3.细节事实题。第三段指出: Indeed, the human history has not been merely touched by global climate change, some scientists argue, it has in some instances

28、 been driven by it (一些科学家认为，人类的历史确实不仅受全球气候变化的影响，且在某些情况下还受到它的推动),由此可知C项“很大程度上受气候变化的影响”正确。4.细节事实题。最后一段指出:In fact, the pattern of climate change in the past reveals that Earths climate will almost certainly go through dramatic changes in the futureeven without the influence of human activity(事实上，过去气候变化

29、的形式显示，甚至在没有人类活动影响的情况下，地球的气候在未来几乎肯定地会经历急剧变化。”知C项“地球的气候在将来必然会显著地变化”正确。5.判断推理题。最后一段指出: In fact, the pattern of climate change in the past reveals that Earths climate will almost certainly go through dramatic changes in the futureeven without the influence of human activity (事实上，过去气候变化的形式显示，甚至在没有人类活动影响的

30、情况下，地球的气候在未来几乎肯定地会经历急剧变化),由此可知作者想要传递的信息是:人类在而对气候的巨大变化吋实际上是无助的。14. 单选题It is an offence to show（ ）against people of different races.问题1选项A.distinctionB.differenceC.separationD.discrimination【答案】D【解析】句意:对不同种族的人表现出歧视是一种冒犯。考查名词辨析。distinction区别，特性;difference差异，不同;separation分离，距离;discrimination歧视，区别，辨别。故D符

31、合句意。15. 单选题Many years ago, I was interviewing for a CIO (Chief Information Officer) position at Brown University. Howard Swearer, the president of Brown at that time, asked me: “What is the greatest（1）that you would bring to the position?” I answered: “I am multilingual.” He（2）at me for a moment, as

32、 if I had lost my mind entirely. I went on to（3）that I was capable of effectively（4）with faculty, with students, with vendors, with trustees, and with other administrators. The CIO needs to be able to interact effectively and be respected by a variety of audiences.Effectiveness of interaction is（5）o

33、n whether or not an individual can understand the（6）and problems being faced by a particular user. This is true on the academic side of the house, where one needs to understand the technology requirements and problems of a particle physicist, a classicist, or an economist. There are different（7）for

34、data files, transmission speeds, and many other IT issues that directly affect the scholarship of these varying disciplines. The ability to（8）some of these scholarly requirements is（9）to being viewed as a partner in the academic enterprise rather than just as some bureaucrat who has（10）for the IT en

35、vironment on campus.问题1选项A.trengthB.newsC.possibilityD.change问题2选项A.nterviewedB.staredC.wonderedD.angered问题3选项A.nswerB.explainC.indicateD.demonstrate问题4选项A.alkingB.speakingC.cooperatingD.communicating问题5选项A.ependedB.basedC.resultedD.taken问题6选项A.hocksB.worriesC.questionsD.concerns问题7选项A.eedsB.issuesC

36、.elementsD.concerns问题8选项A.nowB.find outC.look forD.understand问题9选项A.pecialB.inevitableC.essentialD.required问题10选项A.oncernsB.worriesC.responsibilityD.confidence【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B第6题:D第7题:A第8题:D第9题:C第10题:C【解析】1.名词辨析。strength 力量,优势;news 新闻,消息;possibility 可能性,可能发生的事物;change 变化,找回的零钱。根据下文中的回答I

37、 am multilingual(我能使用多种语言)”可知A符合句意。2.固定搭配。此处句意为:他盯了我一会儿,似乎我已完全神志不清。Stare at 凝视,盯住。3.动词辨析。此处句意为:我继续解释。answer 回答;explain 说明,解释;indicate 表明,指出,预示;demonstrate 证明,展示。故选B。4.动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式。此处句意为:首席信息官需要能与各种受众进行有效的交流且被后者尊敬。talk 谈话;speak说话,演讲;cooperate 合作,配合;communicate 通讯,相通,交流。故选D。5.固定搭配。此处句意为:互动的有

38、效性建立在此基础上:一个人能否懂得特定使用者面临的和问题。be based on 建立在基础上。6.名词辨析。四个选项均为对应名词的复数形式。shock 休克,震惊,震动;worry 担心,烦恼;question 问题,疑问,询问;concern 关系,关心,担心,忧虑。And连接空格和problems (问题),因此推测D项符合句意。7.名词辨析。四个选项均为对应名词的复数形式。need需求,要求;issue问题,发布;element 元素,成分;concern 关系,关心 。空格前句意为: 这在学院的学术方面是 真实的,在这里一个人需要其懂得粒子物理学家、古典主义者或经济学家的技术需求和问

39、题。由此可知A项符合句意。8.逻辑分析。know 知道,认识,懂得;find out 査明,发现;look for 寻找,understand 理解,懂得。前面句子指出: needs to understand the technology requirements and problems of a particle physicist, a classicist, or an economist (需要懂得粒子物理学家、古典主义者或经济学家的技术需求和问题),因此此处表示:理解这些学术需要的能力,因此D项符合句意。9.短语辨析。由空格后 “viewed as a partner in th

40、e academic enterprise 被认为是学术事业上的合作者”的对应知这里指代“必不可少的能力”, be essential to being是必不可少的, 故选C。其他搭配为: be special to 是所特有的;be inevitable to 是不可避免的;be required to 被要求。10.名词辨析。句意:理解这些学术要求的能力对于被视为学术企业的合作伙伴来说是非常重要的,而不仅仅是一些对校园IT环境负责的官僚。因此C项“责任,职责,义务”正确。16. 单选题Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone（

41、 ）an opportunity to hear the speech.问题1选项A.ought to haveB.must haveC.may haveD.should have【答案】D【解析】句意:扬声器被安装在走廊，以便所每个人都有机会听到这个演讲。语法题。考查情态动词。ought to （表示责任、义务等）应该；应当；must （因为强迫、道义或理智及好感的驱使）必须，应当；may （表示可能性）可能，也许；should （表示可能性、期待、推论等）应该，可能或做为shall (将，一定会（按规律会发生）)的过去形式。因此D符合句意。17. 单选题She had clearly no

42、（ ）of doing any work, although she was very well paid.问题1选项A.tendencyB.ambitionC.intentionD.willingness【答案】C【解析】句意:虽然给她的报酬丰厚，但她无意去工作。考查名词辨析。Tendency （事物发展的）倾向，趋势, 常和to或towards搭配,不修饰人；ambition抱负，志向，常和不定式或介词of搭配；intention打算，意图，目的，常和不定式或介词of搭配；willingness乐意，心甘情愿。因此C无论从语义还是从搭配上都符合题目要求。18. 单选题Fertilizer,

43、 natural substance or mixture is used to（ ）soil so as to promote plant growth.问题1选项A.enactB.enlargeC.encloseD.enrich【答案】D【解析】句意:肥料、自然物质或混合物被用来使土地肥沃,以促进植物生长。考查动词辨析。Enact 通过(法律),扮演,担任角色; enlarge扩大,扩充,扩展; enclose围绕,放入封套; enrich使充实,使肥沃,使富足。故D符合句意。19. 单选题Nuclear weapons are not the only explosive force（

44、）civilization.问题1选项A.frighteningB.brighteningC.strengtheningD.threatening【答案】D【解析】句意:核武器不是威胁人类文明的唯一爆破力。考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式作explosive force的后置定语。frighten 使惊吓,吓唬;brighten (使)更明亮,色彩鲜艳,(使)快活起来;strengthen 加强,巩固;threaten 威胁,恐吓。因此D符合句意。20. 单选题Fuel scarcities（ ）automobile designers to develop small-displacement vehicles for public use.问题1选项A.promptedB.encouragedC.fomentedD.spotlighted【答案】A【解析】句意:燃料短缺促使汽车设计师开发供公众使用的小排量汽车。考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去式。prompt 提示，促使，激起；encourage鼓励，激励；foment 煽动，挑起；spotlight聚光照明，使公众注意。因此A符合句意。