2022军队文职人员招聘-军队文职英语言文学考试全真模拟卷48（附答案带详解）

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1、2022军队文职人员招聘-军队文职英语言文学考试全真模拟卷（附答案带详解）1. 问答题：人类利用风能的历史可以追溯到公元前，但数千年来，风能技术发展缓慢，没有引起人们足够的重视。但自1973年世界石油危机以来，在常规能源告急和全球生态环境恶化的双重压力下，风能作为新能源的一部分才重新有了长足的发展。风能作为一种无污染和可再生的新能源有着巨大的发展潜力，特别是对沿海岛屿、交通不便的边远山区、地广人稀的草原牧场，以及远离电网和近期内电网还难以达到的农村、边疆，作为解决生产和生活能源的一种可靠途径，有着十分重要的意义。即使在发达国家，风能作为一种高效清洁的新能源也日益受到重视。我国位于亚洲大陆东南，

2、濒临太平洋西岸，季风强盛。全国风力资源的总储量为每年16亿千瓦，近期可开发的约为1.6亿千瓦，内蒙古、青海、黑龙江、甘肃等省风能储量居我国前列。答案： 本题解析：Mankinds use of wind energy can be traced back to the time before Jesus Christ was born. But the technology of using wind energy developed very slowly and people have not attached enough importance to it. However, since

3、 the world oil crisis in 1973 and under the double pressure of near exhaustion of conventional energy resources and the deterioration of the global ecosystem, the technology of the use of wind energy has undergone remarkable development. As a kind of non-pollution and regenerative energy resource, w

4、ind energy has great potential for further development, and is of special significance as a surest route to solve energy problems for life and production in coastal islands, remote mountainous areas with inconvenient transportation, sparsely populated pastureland, and other rural areas and border re

5、gions far from electric networks or where electric network will not reach in the near future. It is assuming greater significance even in developed countries as a new clean and highly efficient energy resource.China is situated in the southeast of the Asian continent, facing the Pacific Ocean to her

6、 east, where the monsoon is very strong. The total annual reserves of wind energy of the country is as high as 1.6 billion kw, of which 160 million kw can be developed in the near future, and that in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, Heilongjiang Province, and Gansu Province ra

7、nks top among Chinas provinces.2. 问答题：小巷的动人处就是它无比的悠闲。无论谁，只要你到巷里去踟躇一会，你的心情就会如巷尾不波的古井，那是一种和平的静穆，而不是阴森和萧杀。它闹中取静，别有天地，仍是人间。它可能是一条现代的乌衣巷，家家有自己的一本哀乐帐一部兴衰史，可是重门叠户，讳莫如深，夕阳影里，野花闲草，燕子低飞，寻觅归家。只是一片澄明入水的气氛，净化一切，笼罩一切，使人忘忧。巷，是人海汹汹中的一道避风塘，给人带来安全感；是城市喧嚣扰嚷中的一带洞天幽静，胜似皇家的阁道，便于平常百姓徘徊徜徉。爱逐臭争利，锱铢必较的，请到长街闹市去；爱轻嘴薄舌的，争是论非的，请

8、到茶馆酒楼去；爱锣鼓钲镗，管弦嗷嘈的，请到歌台剧院去；爱宁静淡泊，沉思默想的，深深的小巷在欢迎你。答案： 本题解析：The charm of the lane lies in its absolutely serenity. No matter who you are, if you loiter around in the lane for a while, your mind will become as unruffled as the ancient well at the end of the lane. There you will experience a kind of pea

9、ceful calmness rather than gloomy sternness. There reigns peace and quiet in the midst of noisy bustle. It is a world of its own on earth. It may be a modern version of?Wu Yi Xiang,?a special residential area of nobility in the Jin Dynasty southeast of todays Nanjing, where each family, secluded beh

10、ind closed doors, has its own cover-up story of joys and sorrows, and rise and decline. When the sun is setting, swallows will fly low over wild flowers and grass on their way to their nests. The all-pervading and all-purifying atmosphere of water-like placidness makes one forget all cares and worri

11、es.The lane is a safe haven for those struggling in the turbulent sea of humans to enjoy a sense of security. It is a heavenly abode in the midst of confusion. Unlike the erstwhile plank-paved path used exclusively by the imperial family for their vehicles to move on smoothly, the lane is a place fo

12、r the common people to roam about leisurely.Those who strive after fame and gain, and haggle over every penny, please go to the downtown area! Those who are sharp-tongued and quarrelsome, please go to the teahouse or restaurant! Those who love deafening gongs and drums as well as noisy wind and stri

13、ng instruments, please go to the opera house or theatre! Those who are given to profound meditation and a quiet life without worldly desires, welcome to the lane!3. 问答题：指南针的发明源于中国。2000多年前的战国时期，人们利用磁铁在地球磁场中的南北指极性发明了指南针的雏形，称之为“司南”。它用天然磁石制成，样子像一把勺子，底部为圆形，可在平滑的“地盘”上自由旋转，待旋转的磁勺慢慢停止下来时，勺柄就指向南方。磁石的硬度为5.56.

14、54。900年前的北宋时期，人们把一片薄铁皮剪成约7厘米长，1.5厘米宽的鱼形，放在炭火中烧得通红，然后用鱼嵌夹着鱼头，让鱼尾正对着地球磁场方向。这样，铁鱼内部被烧得处于活动状态的磁畴就顺着地球磁场方向排列，再把磁化后的铁鱼迅速浸入冷水中，磁畴的规则排列就马上固定下来。这时，再把小鱼浮在水面平静的碗中，鱼头鱼尾就可以指南北了。在使用指南针的过程中，人们不断地改进，不断地摸索，使指向仪器在外形上终于成为最简便的针形。人们拿一根小钢针在磁石上反复摩擦，待钢针磁化后，便是指南针了。在此基础上，以后人们发明了更为先进的罗盘。指南针首先是风水先生发明和使用的。北宋时期，指南针应用于航海事业中，使之有了经

15、久不衰的生命力。北宋前，航海者是利用日月星辰的位置来判定方向。这种方法在天晴时尚可运用，一旦阴雨天，航海者的命运就难以把握了。自从有了指南针，它为航海者带来极大的方便，成为航海家的必备之物。郑和七次下西洋，哥伦布对美洲大陆的发现和麦哲伦的环球航行，都与指南针的应用分不开。答案： 本题解析：The compass was invented in China.Two thousand years ago, during the Warring States Period （475 B.C.221 B.C.） in China, the Chinese invented “Sinan”, an em

16、bryonic form of compass, which made use of the magnets property that it always orients itself north and South in the magnetic field of the earth. It was made of natural magnetic lodestone and it looked like a spoon with a hardness of 5.56.5. Its bottom was round and so it could spin freely on the tr

17、ay on which it was placed. When the revolving spoon slowed down and came to a stop, its handle pointed to the south.Nine hundred years ago, in the Northern Song Dynasty （960 A.D.1127 A.D.）, the Chinese made a thin iron sheet shaped like a fish, which was 7 cm in length and l.5 cm in breadth. It was

18、heated red hot in a charcoal fire. The fish head was then gripped with a pair of tongs and the fish tail was turned to the direction of the magnetic field of the earth. The moving magnetic domain inside the hot fish was thus aligned in the same direction as the magnetic field of the earth. The magne

19、tized fish was then put suddenly into cold water, thus fixing the magnetic field in the fish. Therefore, when the fish was floated on still water in a bowl, the head of the fish pointed to the south and the tail to the north. Over years, this fish-shaped device gradually evolved into the more simple

20、 and convenient form of an iron needle. To make it, a small needle was repeatedly rubbed on a piece of magnetite till it was magnetized. The more advanced compass was invented on the basis of it afterwards.The compass was first invented and used by men who help people to determine whether the layout

21、 and the position of their homes and offices are in good relation to the environment. In the Northern Song Dynasty, it was used in navigation, therefore gaining a lasting life. Before that time, navigators determined directions by looking at the positions of the sun, the moon and the stars. This met

22、hod was useful when the sky was clear. It was, however, difficult to ensure a navigators destiny when the sky was overcast or rainy.Ever since the use of the compass, navigation became much easier and for the navigators, it became indispensable. For example, Zheng He, the famous Chinese navigator in

23、 the Ming Dynasty, went seven times （1405 A.D.1433 A.D.） to more than 30 countries in Asia and Africa by sea. Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas, and Ferdinand Magellan made a voyage around the world by sea. All of these voyages would not have been successful without making use of the comp

24、ass.4. 问答题：60年来特别是改革开放30年来，中国取得了举世瞩目的发展成就，经济实力和综合国力显著增强，各项社会事业全面进步，人民生活从温饱不足发展到总体小康，中国社会迸发出前所未有的活力和创造力。同时，我们清醒地认识到，中国仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家，中国在发展进程中遇到的矛盾和问题无论规模还是复杂性都是世所罕见。要全面建成惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会，进而基本实现现代化、实现全体人民共同富裕，还有很长的路要走。我们将继续从本国国情出发，坚持中国特色社会主义道路，坚持改革开放，推动科学发展，促进社会和谐，全面推进经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设以及生态文明建设，全力做到

25、发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享。答案： 本题解析：China has achieved remarkable progress in those 60 years, particularly in the last 30 years since reform and opening-up. Chinas economy and comprehensive national strength have grown significantly and various social programs have made big strides. The Chinese people,

26、 once lacking basic living necessities, are now leading a moderately prosperous life, and the whole society is showing unprecedented dynamism and creativity.We are keenly aware, however, that China remains the worlds largest developing country. The difficulties and problems that we face in developme

27、nt are rarely seen in any other part of the world in terms of their scale and complexity. We still have a long way to go before we can build, in a comprehensive way, a moderately prosperous society of a higher level that will benefit the more than one billion Chinese people, and then achieve basic m

28、odernization and bring common prosperity to all our people.We will, in the light of our national conditions, continue to follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, persist in reform and opening-up, promote scientific development and social harmony, and achieve all-round progress in t

29、he economic, political, cultural, social and environmental fields. We will ensure that our development is for the people and by the people and the fruits of development are shared among the people.5. 问答题：你知道白蚁之害吗？一座大厦如果有了白蚁，不加防治，不到十年时间，里面的地板壁板，都会蛀蚀一空。一般的房屋受了严重的蚁害，有的还会突然倒塌下来，伤了性命。电杆被白蚁蛀蚀，一般两三年就要换一次。船

30、只有了白蚁，轻的会将货物蛀烂，重的会使船沉没。铁路枕木如果受白蚁侵蚀，火车就有出轨的危险。白蚁这种害虫，实在是相当可恶的。在我们的社会里，则有另一种“白蚁”。前些日子报载吉林省外贸局副局长王震利用职权，大慷国家之慨，吃喝玩乐，请客送礼，浪费惊人，不也是一种“白蚁”之害吗？答案： 本题解析：Do you know how destructive termites are? Suppose a tall building is infested with termites and nothing is done about it, the floor and the wooden paneling

31、 inside it will have been eaten in less than ten years. If seriously affected, houses of the ordinary kind might suddenly crumble, causing loss of lives. Termite-eaten electric posts should, as a rule, be replaced every two or three years. Termite-ridden ships will find their cargo eaten and those s

32、eriously affected might sink. Trains running on termite-eaten sleepers are running the risk of going off the rails. What a curse termites are! “Termites” of a different kind exist in our society. According to recent press reports, Wang Zhen, the ex-deputy head of Foreign Trade Bureau of Jilin Provin

33、ce abused his powers and wasted a horrifying amount of public property. Generous at the expense of the state, he wined and dined, held dinner parties, gave gifts, and sought all other kinds of pleasures. Arent such people “termites” too?6. 问答题：中国的春节在农历一月一日，是新一年的开始。这是举家团圆的时刻。一般说来，在春节前几天，只要有可能的话，多数人无论

34、身处何地都会回家。就像圣诞节一样，人们会买很多东西如食品、礼物、衣服和烟花爆竹给孩子们。在除夕之夜，多数农村家庭仍然保持着一些传统习俗，如在两扇门上都贴上门神和春联。他们把“福”字倒贴在墙上和家具的门上，意思是“福到了”。除夕之夜的年夜饭是必不可少的程序。全家人围坐着一张桌子一同分享佳肴，人多的话兴许不止一张桌子。家人还会为没能赶回家的亲人留些座位，仿佛他们也在一起吃似的。年夜饭过后，大家会坐在一起，观看中央电视台的春节特别节目，等待，新年的到来。午夜将近时，特别节目也接近尾声，这时家家户户都到户外去放鞭炮。据说这样可以驱妖除魔。新年的早饭是很特别的，北方人吃饺子，南方人吃糯米饭团。走亲访友从

35、新年的第一天就开始了，俗称“拜年”。每到这时，孩子们是最开心的，因为他们可以从长辈那里拿到压岁钱，据说压岁钱能带给他们好运。新年第五天，人们祭拜财神，送走新年。春节就结束了。答案： 本题解析：According to the Chinese lunar calendar, the Spring Festival falls on the first day of the first month, which marks the beginning of a new year. It is a time for family reunion. In most cases, just a few

36、days before the festival, if possible, most of the family members come home, no matter where they are. And like the Christmas season, people buy a lot of things: food, gifts, clothing and fireworks for children. On the New Years eve, most of the families in the countryside still keep the customs of

37、pasting paintings of door gods on the two doors and couplets on either side of the doors. They put the Chinese character meaning “happiness” upside down and paste it on walls and doors of the furniture to mean “happiness has come.” Feast dinner is a must for the whole family on the New Years eve, wh

38、en all the family members sit at one or more tables. Dinner seats will be arranged for the absent members as if they were also joining the dinner. After dinner, they sit together waiting for the coming of the New Year, usually by watching the CCTV special program for Spring Festival. At midnight whe

39、n it is near the end of the program, every family goes out to set off firecrackers, which is said to drive evils away. Breakfast for the New Years Day is special,?Jiaozi?for those in North China and small glutinous rice balls for the southerners. Visits are exchanged to relatives and friends from th

40、e New Years Day on, which is called “Bainian”. Children are the happiest ones because they can get lucky money from their seniors. The money is believed to bring good luck to them. On the fifth day, people celebrate the end of the Festival by worshipping the Fortune God.7. 问答题：由于环境污染严重，如今亚洲南部的上空笼罩着污

41、浊不堪的空气层，被称作“亚洲褐云”。科学家警告说这种情况将造成亚洲地区上百万人丧生，同时还会对全世界的环境造成威胁。在这次大规模的研究中，200位科学家提出警告，认为这朵厚达三公里的“亚洲褐云”正是导致每年成千上百人死于呼吸道疾病的真正“杀手”。科学家们说，这层令人窒息的烟雾阻挡住了10%到15%射向地面的阳光，而且业已改变了南亚地区的气候，使得地面温度下降而大气温度升高。联合国环境署主席克劳斯特普费尔8月11日在伦敦一个新闻发布会上说：“全世界范围内的环境污染已经初见端倪，仅仅亚洲上空这一片三公里厚的乌云，就可以在一周之内迅速蔓延，笼罩半个地球。”8月26日将要在南非约翰内斯堡召开地球首脑会

42、议，届时与会各国将共同商讨如何为我们生活的星球“减负”。联合国的初步环境调查报告将于大会召开前三周提交。答案： 本题解析：A dense blanket of pollution, dubbed the “Asian Brown Cloud,” is hovering over South Asia, with scientists warning it could kill millions of people in the region, and pose a global threat.In the biggest-ever study of the phenomenon, 200 sc

43、ientists warned that the cloud, estimated to be three kilometers thick, is responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths a year from respiratory disease.By slashing the sunlight that reaches the ground by 10 to 15 percent, the choking smog has also altered the regions climate, cooling the ground w

44、hile heating the atmosphere, scientists said.“There are also global implications, not least because a pollution parcel like this, which stretches three kilometers high, can travel half way round the globe in a week,” U.N. Environment Program chief Klaus Toepfer told a news conference in London on Au

45、gust 11.The U.N.s preliminary report comes three weeks before the Earth Summit in Johannesburg, which opens on August 26, where all eyes will be on how not to overburden the planet.8. 问答题：积极开展对外交往与合作，全方位外交取得重大进展，坚定地维护和发展了国家利益。我国同主要大国加强了对话，增进了信任，扩大了合作。中美关系稳定发展，中俄战略协作伙伴关系提高到新水平，中欧全面合作日益深化，中日关系得到改善，同周边

46、国家睦邻友好关系进一步加强，区域合作取得新成果，同发展中国家的团结合作开创了新局面。成功举办一系列重大多边外交活动。妥善应对国际上各种新挑战，积极负责地参与解决全球性问题，在解决国际和地区热点问题上发挥着重要的建设性作用。答案： 本题解析：We actively promoted exchange and cooperation with other countries, made major progress in conducting diplomacy on all fronts, and resolutely safeguarded and developed Chinas inter

47、ests. China stepped up dialogue with the major countries and increased trust and expanded cooperation with them. China-US relations developed steadily, the China-Russia partnership of strategic coordination reached a new height, China-Europe cooperation in all areas went from strength to strength, a

48、nd China-Japan relations improved. Good-neighborly relations with surrounding countries were further strengthened, further achievements were made in regional cooperation, and Chinas solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries entered a new stage. We successfully carried out a series o

49、f major multilateral diplomatic activities. We appropriately responded to new challenges in the international arena, actively and responsibly participated in efforts to resolve global issues, and played an important and constructive role in the resolution of issues concerning international and regio

50、nal hotspots.9. 问答题：近几年掀起的“公务员热”使国家公务员考试成为中国竞争最激烈的考试之一。自1995年国家公务员考试推行以来，报考公务员日渐升温，这两年更是热得发烫。到现在，我国公务员人数达600万。中国青年报和腾讯网联合开展的一项最新在线调查显示；73%以上的年轻人愿意当公务员。在17，330名调查对象中，约83%的人说，他们主要看重公务员工作稳定，医疗和养老都有保障。此外，55%的人说，当公务员能获得“切实利益”。去年，近100万人报考了国家公务员，而最后只有l万多人被录用。今年，“公务员热”继续升温。据中国青年报报道，由于10月16日晚报名人数太多，国家公务员报名网站

51、不得不暂停运转，进行系统维护。通常情况下，很多职位都出现“几百人抢一个”的情况。如，今年中央办公厅秘书处的5个职位就吸引了3,880个人报考。报道说，总体上是50人“抢”一个职位。国家公务员之所以如此有诱惑力，不仅是因为收入稳定、医疗有保障，风险小、权力大、实惠多也是其中的重要原因。答案： 本题解析：In recent years, the huge thirst for jobs in the civil service has made the national civil servant exam one of Chinas most competitive tests.The firs

52、t exam was held in 1995 and since then more and more people have signed up for it, with applications reaching a peak over the last two years. Now, there are 6 million public servants in China.The latest online survey, carried out by China Youth Daily and , found that more than 73 per cent of young p

53、eople want to work as civil servants. Of the 17,330 respondents, about 83 per cent said they were mainly attracted by the jobs stability, guaranteed health care and pension. Meanwhile, 55 per cent said it could bring practical profits.Nearly 1 million people applied to take the exam last year, yet o

54、nly just over 10,000 were finally employed. This year the stiff competition continued China Youth Daily reported that the national public servant application site was forced to close temporarily for maintenance due to unusually high traffic on the night of October.In a typical year several hundred a

55、pplicants will apply for one job listed. For example, the five job vacancies provided by the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Party have this year attracted more than 3,880 applicants. In general, the exam means 50 people competing for one post, the report said.Positions as civil servants

56、 ale attractive, not only because of the stable income and good health care, but also because of the low risks compared with the power and resources the positions enjoy.10. 问答题：近年来，中国汽车保有量年平均增长达15%左右。汽车总量剧增，大量排放有害气体，成为危害国人身心健康的“无形杀手”。据统计，在全国总死亡人数中，呼吸系统疾病占22.64%，居死亡人数第一位，这与大气的污染有直接关系。专家分析，城市大气污染70%以上

57、来自汽车尾气排放。北京大气中74%的碳氢化合物、63%的一氧化碳和37%的氮氧化物均来自汽车尾气。专家还指出，中国汽车尾气污染的根本源头是现代汽车工业技术水平低下，新车质量不高，能源消耗高。中国汽车设计与制造技术水平大多尚停留在国际60年代水平。大多数汽车装配492型发动机，整体性能差，电子喷射技术差，汽油燃烧不充分，机内净化问题没有解决好，没有严格的新车尾气排放标准。汽车尾气污染城市环境问题已引起国家有关部门及民众的高度重视，一些治理措施正在逐步有效地展开。国务院规定，中国将在2000年完全禁止生产、销售和使用含铅汽油。答案： 本题解析：Over the past few years, th

58、e number of motor vehicles on Chinese roads has risen on average by some 15 percent annually. This drastic increase has created a large amount of exhaust pollution, forming an “invisible killer” menacing the health of the general public. Respiratory disease is the top cause of death in China, accoun

59、ting for 22.64 percent, and this has been directly blamed on atmospheric pollution. The result of an official analysis indicates that over 70 percent of air pollution in urban areas is created by vehicle exhaust. In Beijing, for example, 74 percent of the carbon and hydrogen compound, 63 percent of

60、carbon monoxide and 37 percent of nitrogen oxide compound in the air come from vehicle exhaust.Some experts believe the basic reason is a lack of technological advances in Chinas auto industry, resulting in the low quality and high energy consumption level of new models. Chinas auto design and manuf

61、acturing technology remain at the international level of the 1960s. Most vehicles are equipped with the standard No. 492 engine, featuring poor properties, outdated electronic ignition technology and insufficient burning of fuel. This negatively affects the purification system, preventing proper emi

62、ssion control. Pollution caused by vehicle exhausts has claimed wide attention from both the general public and the government. As a result, a series of effective improvement measures have been put into effect. The State Council has issued stipulations on completely banning the production, marketing and use of leaded gasoline by 2000.