2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考前模拟强化练习题95（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturers claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this

2、 action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the higher up the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or

3、 she can expect it to be settleD.In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumers favor, assuming he or she has a just claim.Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.Comp

4、laining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making genera

5、l statements. For example, The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear is better than This stereo does not work.The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely

6、 and as firmly as possible. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumers5 rights.1.When a consumer fi

7、nds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should do is to（ ）.2.If a consumer wants a quick settlement of his problem, its better to complain to（ ）.3.The most effective complaint can be made by（ ）.4.The phrase live up to(Line 1, Par1)in the context means（ ）.5.The passage tells us（ ）

8、.问题1选项A.complain personally to the managerB.threaten to take the matter to courtC.write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchaseD.show some written proof of the purchase to the store问题2选项A.a shop assistB.a store managerC.the manufacturerD.a public organization问题3选项A.showing the faulty ite

9、m to the manufacturerB.explaining exactly what is wrong with the itemC.saying firmly that the item is of poor qualityD.asking politely to change the item问题4选项A.meet the standard ofB.realize the purpose ofC.fulfill the demands ofD.keep the promise of问题5选项A.how to settle a consumers complaint about a

10、faulty itemB.how to make an effective complaint about a faulty itemC.how to avoid buying a faulty itemD.how to deal with complaints from customers【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中 “When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live

11、up to the manufacturers claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase.”中文翻译为：“当消费者发现自己购买的物品有瑕疵或在其他方面达不到制造商所声称 的那样时，首先应出示在某商场购买某商品的相关保单、记录或证明。”可以得知D选项符合题意。2.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中 “A simple and common method used by many consume

12、rs is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the “higher up the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled.” 中文翻译为“许多消费者使用的一种简单 而普遍的方法是直接向商店经理投诉。般来说，消费者的投诉越高，问题就能越快得到解决。”结合语境，B为正确答案。3. 细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章中 “Complaining is usually most effective

13、 when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements.” 中文翻译为“抱怨是最有效的，当它礼貌

14、而坚定地进行时，尤其是当消费者能够证明所涉物品有什么问题时。如果不能做到这一点，消费者最好通过提供具体信息 来说明什么是错的，而不是做一般性的陈述。”可以得知B选项符合题意。4.词义猜测题。由题干可以定位到文章中 “When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturers claim for it.” 中文翻译为“当消费者发现 自己购买的物品有瑕疵或在其他方面不像制造商所宣称的那样” 与前文的 “faulty 瑕

15、疵”都是表达商品的不达标。A项“不辜负；达到的标准”正确。5.主旨大意题。根据文章大意：顾客在购买了有瑕疵的商品后如何进行最有效的投诉可知B项“如何对有瑕疵的物品提出有效的投诉”。2. 单选题When the committee（ ）to details, the proposed plan seemed impractical.问题1选项A.got downB.set aboutC.went offD.came up【答案】A【解析】考查词组get down do sth./doing sth. “开始认真注意（或对待）某事”。句意：当委员会着手讨论所提出的计划的细节时，发现该计划似乎并不实

16、际。结合句意可知A选项正确。3. 单选题We were pleased to note that the early morning delivery didnt（ ）to the traffic jam of the busy city.问题1选项A.aidB.amountC.addD.attribute【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 aid “资助，援助，帮助”；B选项 amount “总计，等于”；C选项 add“增加，添加，计算总和”；D选项attribute “把归因于，被认为是创作的”。句意：我们很高兴地注意到，早晨送货没有加剧这个繁华城市的交通拥挤。故C选项正确。4.

17、 单选题Maggie tiptoed over and took the clock away because she hated to hear it（ ）when she was trying to go to sleep.问题1选项A.soundingB.hummingC.tickingD.ringing【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A: sound “作声，发声，响” ；B: hum “发连续低沉的声音（如蜜 蜂、马达的嗡嗡声）”；C: tick “发出滴答声”；D: ring “鸣，发出清脆响亮的声音”。句意：麦琪蹑手蹑脚走过来把钟拿走了，因为她讨厌在自己想睡觉的时候听它滴答地

18、响。结合此处语境，修饰的是闹钟声，故C为正确答案。5. 单选题Today chemicals are used to destroy crop insects, to preserve food and to purify our water among many other（ ）.问题1选项A.mattersB.thingsC.businessesD.accounts【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在的化学用品被用于杀死害虫，保护庄稼食物，还用于净化水源，还用于许多其他的事项。根据句意，空格处并列前文提及的化学剂的用途，则A 项“事件；事情”最符合用法。6. 单选题Her fac

19、e was a fair（ ）to her disposition.问题1选项A.markB.indicationC.prefaceD.index.【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: mark “斑点；记号；成绩”；B: indication “指示；象征”；C: preface “序言，引语”；D: index “索引； 数指数；指示；标志”。 句意：她的脸是显示她气质的一个很好的指标。根据语境和句意，D选项正确。7. 单选题The conductor of the orchestra was not satisfied with the ballet for the steps of

20、 the dancer was not（ ）with the rhythm of the music.问题1选项A.coordinated.B.correspondedC.synchronizedD.reconciled【答案】C【解析】考查词组。A项coordinated “与相协调”；B项corresponded “与相符”；C项synchronized “（使）同步；（使）在 时间上一致；（使）同速进行”；D项reconciled “与和谐”。句意：管弦乐队的指挥对芭蕾舞不满意，因为舞蹈家的舞步与音乐的节奏不一致。根据句意，C为正确答案。8. 单选题Mr. Smith had an un

21、usual（ ）: he was first an office clerk, then a sailor, and ended up as a school teacher.问题1选项A.professionB.occupationC.positionD.career【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 profession “（需要教育、大量训练和专门学习的法律、医学、教育等脑力劳动方面的）专业或职业”；B选项 occupation “（成为正常的生活来源的一项活动）职业，行业，位置”；C选项 position “（雇用）职位，工作，职务”；D选项 career “事业，生涯；某人工

22、作经历或事业上取得成就的总的过程或进程”。句意：史密斯先生有着不寻常的人生：他起初当过办公室职员，然后当海员，最终做了一名教师。根据句意，选项D选项正确。9. 单选题He（ ）his children nothing and gave them whatever they wanted.问题1选项A.rejectedB.deniedC.deprivedD.restricted【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A: reject “拒绝接受” ；B: deny “拒绝给予”；C: deprive “剥夺”；D: restrict “限制”。句意：他不拒绝孩子的任何要求，而且能给他们想要的一切。

23、结合此处句意，B为正确答案。10. 单选题Frances（ ）of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations.问题1选项A.assumptionB.consumptionC.presumptionD.resumption【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 assumption “假定，假设”；B选项 consumption “消费，消耗”；C选项 presumption “假设，推定”；D选项 resumption “恢复，重联，

24、（中断后）再继续”。句意：上个月法国在南太平洋重新进行核试验引发了政界的争论和群众游行示威。结合此处语境，谈及到法国重新进行核试验，因此D选项正确。11. 单选题It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines has been introduceD.For example, it h

25、as been suggested that the employment of women in industry took them out of the household, their traditional sphere, and fundamentally altered their position in society. In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician, warned that by doing so, women w

26、ould give up their femininity. Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the social, legal, and economic subordination of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of the whole female sex into public industry. Observers thus differed co

27、ncerning the social desirability of mechanizations effects, but they agreed that it would transform womens lives.Historians, particularly those investigating the history of women, now seriously question this assumption of transforming power. They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations

28、 as the spinning jenny, the sewing machine, the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner have not resulted in equally dramatic social changes in womens economic position or in the prevailing evaluation of womens work. The employment of young women in textile mills during the Industrial Revolution was larg

29、ely an extension of an older pattern of employment of young, single women as domestics. It was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880s created a new cla

30、ss of dead-end jobs, thenceforth considered womens work. The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women-than it did with their own economic necessity an

31、d with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.Womens work has changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household to the office or the factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar

32、 instead of blue-collar work. Fundamentally, however, the conditions under which women work have changed little since before the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupations by gender, lower pay for women as a group, jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little op

33、portunity for advancement all persist, while womens household labor remains demanding. Recent historical investigation has led to a major revision of the notion that technology is always inherently revolutionary in its effects on society. Mechanization may even have slowed any change in the traditio

34、nal position of women both in the labor market and in the home.1.Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?2.The author, mentions all of the following inventions as examples of dramatic technological innovations EXCEPT the（ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage

35、 that, before the Industrial Revolution, the majority of womens work was done in which of the following settings?4.It can be inferred from the passage that the author would consider which of the following to be an indication of a fundamental alteration in the conditions of womens work?5.The passage

36、states that, before the twentieth century, which of the following was true of many employers?问题1选项A.The effects of the mechanization of womens work have not borne out the frequently held assumption that new technology is inherently revolutionary.B.Recent studies have shown that mechanization revolut

37、ionizes a societys traditional values and the customary roles of its membersC.Mechanization has caused the nature of womens work change since the IndustrialRevolution.D.The mechanization of work creates whole new classes of jobs that did not previously exist.问题2选项A.sewing machineB.vacuum cleanerC.ty

38、pewriterD.telephone问题3选项A.Textile mills.B.Private households.C.Offices.D.Factories.问题4选项A.Statistics showing that the majority of women now occupy white-collar positions.B.Interviews with married men indicating that they are now doing some household tasks.C.Surveys of the labor market documenting th

39、e recent creation of a new class of jobs in electronics in which women workers outnumber men four to one.D.Census results showing that working womens wages and salaries are, on the average, as high as those of working men.问题5选项A.They did not employ women in factories.B.They tended to employ single r

40、ather than married women.C.They employed women in only those jobs that were related to womens traditional household work.D.They resisted technological innovations that would radically change womens roles in the family.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据题目可以定位到文章第一段，文第一句提出观点：It is frequently

41、assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines has been introduceD.中文翻译为：史学家们往往假设，劳动的机构化不仅仅对那些操作新机器的人们的生活，而且也对机器所被引入其中的社会，均产生了种革命性的影响，以及第二段第一句提出反对意见：Historians, particularly those in

42、vestigating the history of women, now seriously question this assumption of transforming power. 中文翻译为：史学家们，尤其是那些研究妇女历史的史学家们，现在对关于机械化进程的变革作用这一假设表示严重的怀疑。由此可知，作者对第一种观点是反对的，并且提出自己的观点：“.such dramatic technological innovations as.have not resulted in equally dramatic social changes in womens economic posi

43、tion or in the prevailing evaluation of womens work. 中文翻译为：技术革新并没有给妇女的经济地位或对妇女工作的普遍评价带来任何剧烈变化。最后从原文最后一句“Mechanization may even have slowed any change in the traditional position of women both in the labor market and in the home. 中文翻译为：机械化甚至可能减缓了妇女在劳动力市场和家庭中的传统地位的任何变化。以判断只有A项“机械化对妇女工作的影响并没有得到人们通常认为新技

44、术本身就是革命性的这一假设的证实”符合作者态度和总结文意。2.细节事实题。由题干关键词dramatic technological innovations可以定位到文章第二段中“They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations as the spinning jenny, the sewing machine, the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner have not resulted in equally dramatic social changes in womens economi

45、c position or in the prevailing evaluation of womens work.” 中文大意为：他们的结论是，诸如纺纱珍妮、缝纫机、打字机和吸尘器等剧烈的技术革新并没有给妇女的经济地位或对妇女工作的普遍评价带来同样巨大的社会变化。D选项符合题意。3.推理判断题。由题干可定位到原文第一段中 “In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories.”，中文翻译为：19世纪，当女性进入工厂，以及第二段中“ The employment of young women in textile mil

46、ls during the Industrial Revolution.”，中文翻译为：工业革命期间，年轻妇女在纺织厂的就业情况和文章最后一段首句“Womens work has changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household to the office or the factory.”，中文翻译为：过去的200年中，妇女的工作有了相当程度的变化，从家庭劳动到办公室或工厂。综合可知，在工业革命之前，女性工作场所一般在B项“私人（个人）家庭”。4.推理判断题。由题干关键词“alteration改变”对应“

47、change改变”可以定位到文章第三段中 “Womens work has changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household to the office or the factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-collar work.”，中文翻译为：在过去的200年中，妇女的工作有了相当程度的变化，从家庭劳动到办公室或工厂，并且近来很多蓝领工作变成白领工作。以及“Fundamentally, however， the c

48、onditions under which women work have changed little since before the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupations by gender, lower pay for women as a group, jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist, while womens househo

49、ld labor remains demanding.”，中文翻译为：但是，基本 上，工业革命一来，妇女们的工作条件改变甚少：按性别区分职业、整体报酬低、 工作技能水平要求相对低、升迁机会少仍存在，同时家务劳动依然繁重。可以得知D选项：“人口普查结果显示，职业妇女的工资和薪金平均与男子一样高”才表明妇女工作条件发生了根本的变化。5.推理判断题。由题干关键词“twentieth century”可以定位到文章第二段尾句 “The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth

50、century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these womenthan it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.

51、” 中文翻译为：20世纪对己婚妇女雇佣的增加不是因为家务劳动机械 化，使这些妇女有闲暇，而是由于她们经济上的必需性，以及结婚率升高使单身 妇女来源减少，而在这以前，在多数情况下，单身妇女是雇主唯一想雇佣的。因此B选项：“他们往往会雇佣单身妇女而不是己婚妇女”最符合。12. 单选题It is announced that a wallet has been found and can he （ ） at the managers office.问题1选项A.declaredB.obtainedC.reclaimedD.recognized【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项 declare “

52、断言，宣称，宣布”；B选项 obtain “获得，得到”；C选项 reclaim “要求归还，收回；认领（失物）”；D选项 recognize“认出，认可，承认”。句意：通知说，有人发现了一只钱包，失主可到经理室认领。结合此处语境，C选项正确。13. 单选题The radio program was presented（ ）a joint venture which was registered several months ago.问题1选项A.by courtesy ofB.on account ofC.by virtue ofD.in terms of【答案】A【解析】考查词组。A: b

53、y courtesy of “蒙的好意；蒙提供”；B: on account of “由于；基于”；C: by virtue of “凭借的力量”；D: in terms of “根据；用的话；就而言”。句意：承蒙数月前注册的合资企业惠允，电台节目播出了。根据语境和句意可知A为正确答案。14. 填空题In the past castles were normally classified as military engineering and banished (1) _ the architectural scene at once. Today, architects and engine

54、ers (2) _far more closely linked (3) _ in the past; we are therefore ready to (4) _ the idea, because a castle was designed (5) _ a well-protected home (6) _its occupants (7) _qualities which we can recognize (8) _ essentially architectural. Once the site (9) _ the castle had been chosen (10) _ form

55、 would be dictated (11) _ the materials with which it (12) _ to be built and the many services (13) _ had to provide for those (14) _ its walls. (15) _ its chief role was a defensive (16) _, in times of peace it (17) _ be expected to act (18) _the centre of local government, a hall (19) _justice or

56、perhaps (20) _ a prison.【答案】1.from2.are3.than4.develop5.as6.for7.with8.as9.for10.the11.by12.ought13.which14.within15.While16.building17.can18.as19.of20.as【解析】1.考查固定搭配。be banished from. “放逐；把从驱逐、赶出”。结合句意得知正确答案为from。2.考查时态。根据上文today表示现在时，architects and engineers为复数，因此填入are。3.考查固定搭配。由前文far more + adj.可

57、知此处表示比较级，因此填入than。4.考查动词。根据下文the idea可知此处大意为：我们会形成一种想法。结合语境，develop最为合适。5.考查介词。根据上下文可知，此处应该填入介词，并且表示一种方式，因此为as。6.考查固定搭配。design sth. for sb/sth. “设计；制图；构思”。7.考查介词。根据上下文可知此处是修饰城堡的特点，with有“有，用属性的”含义。8.考查固定搭配。recognize.as. “承认；（正式）认可，接受，辨别”。9.考查介词。根据上下文可知此处表示“用于的选址”，for最为合适。10.考查冠词。根据句意和语境可知此处缺少冠词修饰名词，因

58、此填入the。11.考查搭配。根据上下文，上文表示被动语态，结合下文，此处应填入by。12.考查固定搭配。ought to “应该”。13.考查定语从句。空格后是动宾搭配，缺少主语，空格前为名词，判断出此处是定语从句，修饰空格前的名词并做主语。14.考查介词。结合上下文及语境，此处用介词作状语，后文its wall表示地点。within为最佳答案。15.考查让步状语从句。根据上下文可知，前后文的逻辑关系为：虽然但是，因此while最符合。16.考查名词。根据空格前defensive 可知空格处为名词，根据前文谈及城堡，因此此处填入building合适。17.考查情态动词。根据语境及句意，空格后

59、为系动词的原型be，则空格处填入情态动词合适。18.考查固定搭配。act as “充当；作为”。19.考查固定搭配。结合上下文，此处为a hall of justice “法院”。20.考查介词。空格前的or表示此处与前文的短语act as并列。15. 单选题Since the country has been suffering from（ ）financial crisis in the last two decades, the domestic market always fluctuates.问题1选项A.intermittentB.irregularC.randomD.queer【

60、答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A: intermittent“间歇的；断断续续的” ；B: irregular “不规则的”；C: random “随机的”；D: queer“奇怪的，反常的”。句意：由于该国在过去二十年中一直遭受间歇性的金融危机，国内市场总是波动。结合此处语境，A为正确答案。16. 翻译题Translate the following passage into English.历史和个人的经历共同教育了那些处境不佳的人。他们在奋斗的道路上战胜重重困难， 跨越种种障碍。不少穷人自学成才，通过鼓足勇气坚忍不拔地前进，取得卓越成就而赢得了全世界的瞩目和尊敬。一生依赖别人帮助的

61、人，在危机的时刻很少有所作为。当不幸来临时，他会四处寻求依靠。如果没有依靠，他将垂头丧气。一旦垂头丧气，他们就会像一只翻了身的乌龟，毫无办法。许多男孩出人意料地成功了，仅仅是因为他失去了一切支持而不得不自立。【答案】History and personal experience together educate the poor. They overcome many difficulties and obstacles in the course of struggle. Many poor people have become talents by self-study. They hav

62、e achieved remarkable achievements and won the attention and respect from the world through forging ahead with courage and perseverance.The man who depends on others for his life seldom makes a difference in times of crisis. When misfortune comes, he will seek to help everywhere. He will be low spirits without support. Once depressed, they, like a turtle that has turned over, have nothing to do with it. Many boys are surprisingly successful simply because he lose all support and has to stand on his own feet.17. 单选题Some historians are convinced that Rome was a corrupt kingdom that deserved to