2022年考博英语-北京航空航天大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷50（附答案带详解）

《2022年考博英语-北京航空航天大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷50（附答案带详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-北京航空航天大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷50（附答案带详解）（28页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-北京航空航天大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题As one of the youngest professors in the university，Miss King is certainly on the（ ）of a brilliant career.问题1选项A.edgeB.porchC.thresholdD.course【答案】C【解析】名词辨析。句意：作为这所大学最年轻的教授之一，金女士当然是站在事业辉煌的 。edge边缘，优势；porch走廊，门槛；threshold门槛，入口；course路线，航线。因此，C项threshold符合句意

2、。2. 单选题Mr. Smith became very（ ）when it was suggested that he had made a mistake.问题1选项A.ingeniousB.empiricalC.objectiveD.indignant【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析。句意：当史密斯先生被暗示犯了一个错误时，他变得非常（ ） 。ingenious灵敏的，聪明的；empirical以事实为依据的；objective客观的；indignant愤怒的。故选D。3. 单选题His ideas are invariably condemned as（ ）by his colleague

3、s.问题1选项A.imaginativeB.ingeniousC.impracticalD.theoretical【答案】C【解析】句意：他的想法总是被同事们认为（ ） 。condemn意为“谴责，反对”，表明其后的形容词应为贬义词。A选项imaginative想象的，虚构的；B选项ingenious聪明的，精巧的；C选项impractical不切实际的，不实用的；D选项theoretical理论上的。C选项impractical符合句意和逻辑。4. 单选题To my surprise, the house which looked rather shabby outside was luxu

4、riously and（ ）furnished inside.问题1选项A.artificiallyB.arrogantlyC.arbitrarilyD.artistically【答案】D【解析】句意：令我吃惊的是，房子的外面看起来很破旧，内部却装饰得 （ ） 。A选项artificially人工地；B选项arrogantly傲慢地；C选项arbitrarily任意地；D选项artistically艺术地, D选项artistically符合句意。5. 单选题Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. I

5、deally, therefore, the choice of an （1 ）should be made even before choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, （2 ），most people make several job choices during their working lives, （3 ）because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve （4 ）position. The “one perfect job” does not

6、exist. Youngpeople should （5 ） enter into a broad flexible training program that will （6 ） them for a field of work rather than for a single （7 ）Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans （8 ） benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing （9 ） about th

7、e occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss （10 ）. Some drift from job to job.Others （11 ） to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.One common mistake is choosing an occupation for （12 ） real or imagined prestige. Too ma

8、ny high-school students or their parents for them choose the professional field, （13 ） both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal （14 ） The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a “white-collar” job is （15 ） good reason f

9、or choosing it as lifes work. （16 ），these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the （17 ）of young people should give serious （18 ）to these fields.Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he w

10、ants （19 ） life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some want security; others are willing to take （20 ） for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards问题1选项A.identificationB.entertainmentC.accommodationD.occupation问题2选项A.howeverB.thereforeC.thoughD.ther

11、eby问题3选项A.entirelyB.mainlyC.partlyD.especially问题4选项A.itsB.hisC.ourD.their问题5选项A.sinceB.thereforeC.furthermoreD.forever问题6选项A.makeB.fitC.takeD.leave问题7选项A.jobB.wayC.meansD.company问题8选项A.toB.forC.withoutD.with问题9选项A.littleB.fewC.muchD.a lot问题10选项A.chanceB.basisC.purposeD.opportunity问题11选项A.applyB.appe

12、alC.stickD.turn问题12选项A.ourB.itsC.yourD.their问题13选项A.concerningB.followingC.consideringD.disregarding问题14选项A.preferencesB.requirementsC.tendenciesD.ambitions问题15选项A.aB.anyC.noD.the问题16选项A.ThereforeB.HoweverC.NeverthelessD.Moreover问题17选项A.majorityB.massC.minorityD.multitude问题18选项A.proposalB.suggestion

13、C.considerationD.appraisal问题19选项A.towardsB.againstC.out ofD.without问题20选项A.turnsB.partsC.choicesD.risks【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B第6题:B第7题:A第8题:C第9题:A第10题:B第11题:C第12题:B第13题:D第14题:B第15题:C第16题:D第17题:A第18题:C第19题:C第20题:D【解析】1.此处句意为：职业的选择应该先于高中课程的选择。因此，D项occupation符合句意。2.空前空后句意为：职业的选择应该先于高中课程的选择，实际上，大多

14、数人在职业生涯中都会做出多种工作选择。因此前后两句为转折关系。表转折关系的只有A、C项，但是C项though后面直接跟句子，不能有逗号，因此A项正确。3.这里是由and连接的两个原因“because of. changes”和“partly to improve. ”。And前后连接的原因部分结构或者逻辑上应对称。因此，C项partly正确。4.此处句意为：一部分是因为经济和工业的变化，另一部分是为了升职。因此，D项their（他们的）正确。5.句意：不存在一份完美的工作。年轻人应该参加丰富多彩的培训项目。前后为因果承接关系。因此，B项therefore正确。6.句意：这些培训项目将训练他们适

15、应某领域的工作，B项fit与后面的for是固定搭配，表示“适应、胜任（工作等）”，故B项正确。7.rather than“而不是”，表转折，前面提到a field of work，所以推测这里是a single job, 因此A项正确。8.句子开头为Unfortunately，因此推测此处句意应为：许多年轻人没有得到帮助而不得不做出职业选择，因此C项正确。9.句子后面出现了hit-or-miss（随意的；漫不经心的），因此推测前面句意为：他们对职场了解不深，此处应填一个表示“很少”的词，C、D项排除。因此，A项正确。10.句意：他们随意地选择毕生的事业。on a .basis表示“基于的原则”

16、。11.句意：有些人频繁跳槽，而另一些人则 自己不喜欢且不适合的工作。apply to适用于，申请；appeal to呼吁，诉诸；stick to坚持；turn to转向。因此，C项符合句意。12.句意：人们在选择职业时常犯的一个错误是，根据该职业实际情况或想象中的职业声望进行选择。因此，B项its正确，指代“occupations”。13.前面指出了人们在选择职业时常犯的一个错误，接下来这句则具体说明这个错误：忽视了职业中相对较少的工人比例和极高的教育和个人要求。因此，D项正确。14.句意：许多高中生或他们的父母在选择职业时忽视了教育水平程度和对自身的要求。preference偏爱，优先权；

17、requirement要求；tendency倾向，趋势；ambitions雄心，抱负。因此，B项正确。15.前面提到人们根据职业的实际情况或想象职业声望，进行职业选择是错误的，所以，可以推测这里的句意为：“白领”工作的想象中的或真实的声望，并不是选择它作为生活工作的好理由。因此C项正确。16.句意：“白领”工作的想象中的或真实的声望，并不是选择它作为生活工作的好理由。 ，这些职业往往工资不高。因此前后两句呈递进关系，D项正确。17.句意：大部分工作都是机械或体力劳动，大多数年轻人应。majority多数；mass大量的；minority少数；multitude群众，多数的。虽然D项multit

18、ude也表示“多数的”,但一般用“a multitude of”。因此，A项正确。18.此处为固定搭配：give serious consideration to慎重考虑。19.句意：在做出职业选择之前，一个人应该大体清楚他想要从生活中获得什么。C项out of正确。20.句意：一些人想要安稳，而另一些人则愿意承受风险以获取更大的收益。此处为固定搭配：take risks for 为冒险。6. 单选题During the nineteen years of his career, France Battiate has won the（ ）of a wide audience outside

19、Italy.问题1选项A.enjoymentB.appreciationC.evaluationD.reputation【答案】B【解析】名词辨析。句意：在他19年的职业生涯中，France Battiate赢得了意大利以外的大量观众的 。enjoyment 享受；appreciation 欣赏；evaluation 评价；reputation 名誉。因此，B项符合句意。7. 单选题The rain （ ）our spirits because we were planning to go for a picnic.问题1选项A.decreasedB.dampenedC.moistenedD.

20、hampered【答案】D【解析】动词辨析。句意:下雨 我们的热情，因为我们本来要去野餐。Decreased 降低，减少；dampened 使.受挫；moistened 弄湿；hampered 妨碍。我们本来想去野餐，但是下雨妨碍了我们去野餐的热情。故选D。8. 写作题Directions: “The purpose of education should be to create an academic environment that is separate from the outside world. This kind of environment is ideal because

21、it allows students to focus on important ideas without being held back bypractical concerns. ”Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Write an essay of no less than 200 words to explain your opinions on this issue.【答案】The Purpose of Education9. 单选题Everyone has a moment in history, which belong

22、s particularly to him. It is the moment when his emotions achieve their most powerful sway over him, and afterward when you say to this person “the world today” or “life” or “reality” he will assume that you mean this moment, even if it is fifty years past. The world, through his unleashed （释放的）emot

23、ions, imprinted itself upon him, and he car-ries the stamp of that passing moment forever.For me，this moment four years in a moment in history was the war. The war was and is reality for me. I still instinctively live and think in its atmosphere. These are some of its characteris-tics.Franklin Delan

24、o Roosevelt is the president of the United States, and he always has been. Theother two eternal world leaders are Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin. America is not, never has been, and never will be what the song and poems call it, a land of plenty. Nylon，meat, gasoline, and steel are rare. There

25、are too many jobs and not enough workers. Money is very easy to earn but rather hard to spend, because there isnt very much to buy. Trains are always late and always crowded with “service men”. The war will always be fought very far from America, and it will never end. Nothing in America stands stil

26、l for very long, including the people who are always either leaving or on leave. People in America cry often. Sixteen is the key and crucial and natural age for a human being to be, and people of all other ages are ranged in an orderly manner ahead of and behind you as a har- monious setting for the

27、 sixteen-year-olds of the world. When you are sixteen, adults are slightly im- pressed and almost intimidated by you. This is a puzzle finally solved by the realization that they fore- see your military future: fighting for them. You do not foresee it. To waste anything in America is im- moral. Stri

28、ng and tinfoil are treasures. Newspapers are always crowed with strange maps and names of towns, and every few months the earth seems to lurch （突然倾斜）from its path when you see some- thing in the newspapers, such as the time Mussolini, who almost seemed one of the eternal leaders, is photographed han

29、ging upside down on a meat hook.1.Which statement best depicts the main idea of the first paragraph?2.Why does the author still clearly remember the war?3.Which statement best describes the authors feelings about the war?4.Why does the author think that adults are impressed with sixteen-year-olds?5.

30、Why does the author say that string and tinfoil are treasures?问题1选项A.Reality is what you make of it.B.Time is like a river.C.Emotions are powerful.D.Every person has a special moment.问题2选项A.Franklin Delano Roosevelt was President.B.It was his personal reality and part of his life.C.There was not muc

31、h to buy.D.The war would never end.问题3选项A.It was ever real for him, yet he was not actively involved.B.It was real for him because he was a soldier at that time.C.It was very unreal to him.D.The war was very disruptive to the people at home.问题4选项A.Adults would like to be young.B.Sixteen-year-olds do

32、 not waste things.C.Sixteen-year-olds read newspapers.D.They will be fighting soon for adults.问题5选项A.The war has made them scarce.B.They are useful to sixteen-year-olds.C.He liked them when he was sixteen.D.People are very wasteful.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.第一段指出：everyone has a moment in hi

33、s history, which belongs particularly to him （每个人在他的历史上都有一个属于他的时刻）, 选项D符合题意。2.文章第二段指出：the war was and is reality for me （战争对作者来说很真实），这是作者为何记住战争的原因，选项B符合题意。3.文章第二段指出：I still instinctively live and think in its atmosphere. These are some of its characteristics，由此推测战争对他来说是非常真实的，但是文章中并没有提到作者是一名战士，因此选项A符

34、合题意。4.根据题干关键词“adults are impressed with sixteen-year-olds”定位至文章第三段：when you are sixteen, adults are slightly impressed and almost intimidated by you. This is a puzzle finally solved by the realization that they foresee your military future: fighting for them. 可知成年人之所有会对16 岁少年印象深刻是因为他们知道这些少年将来会为他们打仗，

35、选项D符合题意。5.根据题干关键词“String and tinfoil are treasures”定位至第三段，第三段前面提到：Nylon, meat, gasoline, and steel are rare，因此推测当时战争使得物资匮乏，后面指出了“String and tinfoil are treasures”。故答案为A选项。10. 单选题In that country the coins are so（ ） that one has to carry great quantities make a single purchase.问题1选项A.diminishedB.debas

36、edC.degradedD.defaced【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。diminish 削弱，减少 debase贬值，降低 degrade降级 deface 损伤外观，丑化。句意：那个国家的货币如此_,人们买一样东西都得带许多钱。由one has to carry great quantities to make a single purchase.可知货币不值钱，货币贬值，所以答案B。11. 翻译题The dimensions of tourism are astonishing. In 2012，the U. N. tourism organization celebrated rea

37、ching 1 billion international trips in a single year. In gross economic power it is in the same company as oil, energy, finance and agriculture. At least one out of every ten people around the world is employed by the industry, according to Wolfgang Weinz of the International Labour Organization.Tra

38、vel has also become a default fund-raising technique. （1） Today poor nations see tourism as their best bet out of poverty，second only to oil and energy as the major engine of development. Thailand is the worlds biggest exporter of rice, yet its tourism is its num- ber-one money earner. Costa Rica ha

39、s turned its wilderness into a venue for highly profita- ble ecotcurism. As soon as Sri Lanka, and now Burma，began seeing an end to conflict, they opened the door to a rush of tourists. After the Arab Spring uprising, Egypt sent out a plea to cruise companies and tour operators to return and kick-st

40、art the economy（2）The U. N. tourism organization now places poverty reduction as one of its top ob- jectives，along with the high-minded ideals of improving international peace and prosperi-ty. Since the end of the Cold War and the opening of the world for travel，tourism has be- come an important sou

41、rce of foreign exchange for the worlds poorest nations, often the only one. While tourism requires some infrastructure, from airfields to modern high- ways. It is less expensive than building factories. In theory, poor countries should be able to use the new revenue from the tourism industry to pay

42、for the infrastructure while raising standards of living and improving the environment. One hundred of the worlds poorest na- tions do earn up to 5 percent of their gross national product from foreign tourists who mar- vel at their exotic customs，buy suitcases of souvenirs and take innumerable photo

43、graphs of stunning landscapes.（3）But just as tourism is capable of lifting a nation out of poverty，it is just as likely to pollute the environment，reduce standards of living for the poor because the profits go to international hotel chains and corrupt local elites，and cater to the worst of tourism,

44、in- cluding condemning children the exploitation of sex tourism. Like any major industry, tourism has a serious downside, especially since tourism and travel is underestimated as a global powerhouse，its study and regulation is spotty at best.（4）Tourismis one of those double-edged swords that may loo

45、k like an easy way to earn desperately needed money but can ravage wilderness areas and undermine native cultures to fit into package tours: a fifteen-minute snippet of a ballet performed in Southern India； native handicrafts refashioned to fit oversize tour- ists. What is known is that tourism and

46、travel is responsible for 5. 3 percent of the worlds carbon emissions and the degradation of nearly every tropical beach in the world.To make way for more resorts with spectacular views，developers destroy native habi- tats and ignore local concerns. （5） Preservationists decry the growing propensity

47、to bulldoze old hotels and buildings in favor of constructing new resorts，water holes and entertain-ment spots that look identical whether in Singapore，Dubai or Johannesburg，a world where diversity is replaced with homogeneity. Another catastrophe for countries betting on tourism has come from wealt

48、hy vacationers who fall in love with a country and buy so many second houses that locals can no longer afford to live in their own towns and villages.【答案】（1）现今的贫穷国家将旅游业视为摆脱贫困的最佳方法，仅次于石油和能源这两个重要的发展引擎。（2）联合国旅游组织现在将扶贫和增进国际和平与繁荣的高尚理想一起作为其首要目标之一。（3）但是，正如旅游业能帮助一个国家摆脱贫困，它同样有可能污染环境、降低贫困人群的生活标准。造成这种现象的原因是旅游业

49、的收益都流向了国际连锁酒店，并使当地的掌权人物腐化堕落。（4）旅游业是众多双刃剑之一。旅游业看起来像是一种赚取急用钱的简单方法，但它也能破坏野生地区，弱化本土文化以适应旅游团体。（5）为了建造新的度假胜地、酒吧和娱乐场所，老酒店和老建筑都被推倒。无论是在新加坡、迪拜或约翰内斯堡，这些新建的景区、建筑看起来都完全一样。保护主义者对这种日益严重的趋势加以谴责。12. 翻译题Bacteria（细菌）, like people, can be divided into friend and foe. 81.Inspired by evidence that the friendly sort may

50、help with a range of ailments（疾病）, many people consume bacteria in the form of yogurts and dietary supplements. Such a smattering of artificial additions, however, represents but a drop in the ocean. There are at least 800 types of bacteria living in the human gut. And research by Steven Gill of the

51、 Institute for Genomic Research in Rockville, Maryland, and his colleagues, published in this weeks Science, suggests that the collective genome of these organisms is so large that it contains 100 times as many genes as the human genome itself.Dr Gill and his team were able to come to this conclusio

52、n by extracting bacterial DNA from the faeces （粪便）of two volunteers. 82.Because of the complexity of the samples, they were not able to reconstruct the entire genomes（基因组）of each of the gut bacteria, just the individual genes. But that allowed them to make an estimate of numbers.What all these bacte

53、ria are doing is tricky to identifythe bacteria themselves are difficult to cultivate. 83.So the researchers guessed at what they might be up to by comparing the genes they discovered with published databases of genes whose functions are already known.84.This comparison helped Dr Gill identify for t

54、he first time the probableenzymatic（酶（性）的）processes by which bacteria help humans to digest the complexcarbohydrates in plants. The bacteria also contain a plentiful supply of genes involved in the synthesis of chemicals essential to human lifeincluding two B vitamins and certain essential amino aci

55、dsalthough the team merely showed that these metabolic pathways exist rather than proving that they are used. Nevertheless, the pathways they found leave humans looking more like ruminants: animals such as goats and sheep that use bacteria to break down otherwise indigestible matter in the plants th

56、ey eat.The broader conclusion Dr Gill draws is that people are superorganisms whose metabolism represents an amalgamation of human and microbial attributes. The notion ofa superorganism has emerged before, as researchers in other fields have come to view humans as having a diverse internal ecosystem

57、. 85.This, suggest some, will be crucial to the success of personalised medicine, as different people will have different responses to drugs, depending on their microbial flora.（微生物群落） Accordingly, the next step, says Dr Gill, is to see how microbial populations vary between people of different ages

58、, backgrounds and diets.Another area of research is the process by which these helpful bacteria first colonize the digestive tract. Babies acquire their gut flora as they pass down the birth canal and take a gene-filled gulp of their mothers vaginal and faecal flora. It might not be the most delicio

59、us of first meals, but it could well be an important one.Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.【答案】81. 有益菌可以帮助人们治疗多种疾病，受此启发，很多人通过使用酸乳食品和各种补品的办法吸收细菌。然而，这种人为补充细菌的做法是极其肤浅的。82. 由于样本的复杂性，吉尔博士及其研究组人员还不能构建出肠道内细菌的完整基因组，而只能构建出单体基因。不过，这也可以使他们对整体数量作出估算。83. 因此，

60、研究人员只能将发现的基因和那些功能已经研究清楚的基因的公开数据库进行比较，从而猜测可能得到的研究结果。84. 这种比较帮助吉尔博士第一次确定了可能存在的细菌借以帮助人体消化从植物体摄入的复杂碳水化合物的酶催化反应的过程。85. 有人认为，这一点对个性化药物的成功开发是至关重要的，因为不同的人具有不同的微生物群落，对不同的药物有不同的反应。13. 单选题The government will （ ） the economy next year and develop the trade relations with other countries quickly.问题1选项A.abuseB.am

61、ountC.accumulateD.accelerate【答案】D【解析】动词辨析。句意：明年，政府将 （ ） 经济增长，并且快速同其他国家发展贸易关系。abuse 滥用，虐待；amount 总计，合计；accumulate 积累，积聚；accelerate 促进；（使）加快。因此，D项符合句意。14. 单选题In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives play（ ）roles inraising children.问题1选项A.incapableB.indispensableC.insensibleD.infinite【答案】B【解析】句意：在中国家庭里，（外）祖父母和其他亲戚在抚养孩子的过程中充当（ ）的角色。A选项incapable无能力的；B选项indispensable不可缺少的；绝对必要的；C选项insensible无感觉的；D选项infinite无限的，B选项indispensable符合句意。15. 单选题He is very（ ）in his family and never does anything against his wife.问题1选项A.henceB.filledC.enormousD.humble【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析。hence因此；fil