2022年考博英语-湖南大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷79（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-湖南大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题In the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bodies as well.First, lets talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-

2、line phone is, you get whoever answers it.This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the “meeting” influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would

3、 need to be arranged in advance.You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer see you there at 8, but text me around 8 and well see where we all are.Texting changes people as

4、well. In their paper, “Insight into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging”，two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the “talkers” and the lexters”一those who prefer voice to text message and those who prefer text to voice.They found that the

5、mobile phones individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the on

6、e familiar to those who knew them well.Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language.There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the “speakeasy”： the head is held high, in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the “spacema

7、ker”： these people focus on themselves and keep out other people.Who can blame them? Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on peoples privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you neednt worry so much. After all, it is good to talk.1

8、.When people plan to meet nowadays, they （ ）.2.According to the two British researchers, the social and psychological effects are mostly likely to be seen on（ ） .3.We can infer from the passage that the texts sent by texters are（ ） .4.According to the passage, is afraid of being heard while talking

9、on the mobile（ ）.5.An appropriate title for the passage might be（ ） .问题1选项A.arrange the meeting place beforehandB.postpone fixing the place till last minuteC.seldom care about when and where to meetD.still love to work out detailed meeting plans问题2选项A.TALKERSB.the speakeasyC.the spacemaker*D.texters

10、问题3选项A.quite revealingB.well writtenC.unacceptableD.shocking to others问题4选项A.talkersB.the speakeasyC.the spacemaker,D.texters问题5选项A.The SMS effectB.Cultural implication of mobile useC.Change in the use of the mobileD.Body language and the mobile phone【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节题。第四段: It is

11、 no longer see you there at 8, but text me around 8 and well see where we all are。说明现在人们可以随时约定约会时间，而不用拘泥于一个固定的时间, 所以B项正确。2.推断题。第六段: This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well (这表明，发短信允许短信者出现 不同于平日展现在熟人面前的的自我形象)。因

12、此D项 (社会和心理变化主要体现在爱 发短信的人身上)正确。3.推断题。B项文中没有提及。第六段: Texters were likely to reportthat their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts (发短信的人可能会报告说，如果家人阅读短信，他们会很惊讶), 而非C选项说的无法接受。由此判断D选项也是错误的。4.细节题。倒数第二段: And there is the spacemaker, : these people focus on themselves and keep out other

13、 people (spacemaker不喜欢打电话时被旁人听见)。故选C。5.主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了手机对人类文化的改变。2. 单选题Fuel scarcities and price increases （ ）automobile designers to scale down the largest models and to develop completely new lines of small cars and trucks.问题1选项A.persuadedB.promptedC.imposedD.enlightened【答案】B【解析】动词辨析。句意: 燃油短缺和价格上涨 汽

14、车设计者缩小大型汽车的研发，转而开发全新的小型汽车和卡车生产线。persuade:说服，劝说。prompt:促进,促使。impose:强加, 征税,利用。enlighten:启发，启蒙，教导。因此B项符合句意。3. 翻译题The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind: it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and

15、given precise and exact explanations. The difference between the operations and methods of a baker weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist by means of his balance is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their

16、construction or manner of working: but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion of a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kin

17、d, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.【答案】科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式，也就是对一切现象进行思索 并给以精确而严谨解释的表达方式。用普通天平称物品的面包师与用精密天平的化学家 在操作与方法上存在差别，但这种差别并不是两者的天平在构造和工作原理上存在不 同，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种更精密得多的装置，因而在计量上必然更准确得多。在座的诸位中，大概不会有人一整天都没有机会进行一连

18、串复杂的思考活动，这些 思考活动与科学家在探索自然现象原因时所经历的思考活动，尽管复杂程度不同，但在 类型上是完全一样的。4. 单选题Attitudes on the two sides in the Revolutionary War precluded the possibility of a peaceful solution.问题1选项A.presagedB.prejudicedC.anticipatedD.prevented【答案】D【解析】动词辨析。句意: 双方对美国革命战争的态度决定了不可能通过和平的方式解决问题。presage:预感， 预言。prejudice:偏见。antic

19、ipate:预期，期望。prevent:阻止，妨碍，。preclude:阻止,妨碍,排除。故选D。5. 翻译题“培根-Of Study (论读书)”Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateers and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. Some books ar

20、e to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some book are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exa

21、ct man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not. Histories make men wise; pets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy

22、deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.【答案】选自培根论读书，王佐良先生译读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博彩也， 最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者， 少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读， 读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强，不 常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。读史使人明智，读 诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学

23、使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。6. 单选题Shes always been kind to meI cant just turn （ ）on her now that she needs my help.问题1选项A.my backB.my headC.my eyeD.shoulder【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。turn my back on someone意为对某人不理睬。7. 单选题He is such a （ ）man that he built a porch for his house last summer.问题1选项A.productiveB.solitaryC.versati

24、leD.diligent【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析。句意: 他是一个 的人，去年夏天他就给他家房子建造了一个门廊。productive:生产的，多产的。solitary:孤独的，单个的。 diligent:勤勉的，勤奋的，刻苦的。versatile:多才多艺的，多用途的，万能的。8. 单选题Medicine achieved its splendid eminence by applying the principle of fragmentation to the human condition. Our bodily ills have been split up relegated t

25、o different experts: an itch to the dermatologist, a twitch to the neurologist and if all else fails, a visit to the psychiatrist. For this last, intangible function & the family doctor has been taken over by the specialist confessional.In Israel, you queue at one desk for a cut finger, at another f

26、or a sprain, and a third for shock-even if all three symptoms resulted from one accident. In Britain, both the growing importance of hospital facilities and the reluctance of GE.s to unit their resources has gone far towards making the surgery a baby or calming a neurotic.Consultants and G.Ps begin

27、the same way, as medical students obliged to cultivate detachment. But whereas family doctor gets involved in the intimate details of his “parish”， the consultant need only meet aspects of the patient relevant to his specialty. The more he endeavors to specialize, the more extraneous phenomena must

28、be shut out. Beyond the token bedside exchanges he need not go.Consequently, in a surgical ward, there are no people at all: only an appendectomy, a tumor, two hernias, and a “terminal case” (hospitals avoid the word “dying”). To make impersonality easier, beds are numbered and patients are known by

29、 numbers. Remoteness provides the hospital with a practical working code.Nurses too have evolved their own defense system. Since they care for individuals, they could with dangerous ease become too involved. The nursing profession has therefore perfected its own technique of fragmentation, task assi

30、gnment”. This enables one patients needs to be split up among many nurses. One junior will go down a row of beds inserting a thermometer into a row of mouths. Whether the owners are asleep or drinking tea is irrelevant; the job comes first, in her final year, a student will undertake the pre-medicat

31、ion of patients on theatre-list. She has by that time learnt to see them as objects for injection, not frightened people.Nursing leaders realize the drawbacks in this system. There-has been talk of group-assignment to link nurses with particular patients and give some continuity. But the actual numb

32、er of experiments can be counted on one hand. Nurses, as they often plead, touchingly, “are only human”. They shun responsibility for life and death, if responsibility is split into a kaleidoscope of urines, it weighs less on any one person.1.In this passage, the writer is ultimately suggesting that

33、（ ）.2.According to the passage nurses are（ ） .3.In this passage, the writer is ultimately suggesting that （ ）.4.According to the writers the attempts by nursing leaders to improve the system5.The word “shun” in the last paragraph means （ ）.问题1选项A.healthcare has become more efficientB.healthcare has

34、become less caringC.hospitals have too many specialistsD.there should be more opportunities for amateurs in hospitals问题2选项A.overpaid and uncaringB.overworked and unfairly criticizedC.overwhelmed and undervaluedD.uncaring but efficient问题3选项A.healthcare has become more efficientB.healthcare has become

35、 less caringC.hospitals have too many specialistsD.there should be more opportunities for amateurs in hospitals问题4选项A.a step in the fight directionB.impressiveC.fewD.flawed问题5选项A.dodgeB.claimC.appreciateD.undertake【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.判断推理。作者通篇都在说当今医护人员不把病人当活生生的人，而只是看成需要处理改善的对象。故选B。2.归

36、纳推理。根据倒数第二段可知,护士们虽然冷漠但是高效。3.判断推理。本篇都在说当今医护人员只把病人看成一个个的需要处理改善的对象而 不是有感情的人。因此推测本题选B项(医护变得冷漠了)。4.细节事实。文中倒数最后一段第二行 But the actual number of .can be counted on one hand.可以得出答案。5.词义题。单词“shun”所在句句意: 他们逃避对生命和死亡的责任。shun意为“避免，躲开，因此选A项dodge(闪开躲开)。9. 单选题In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violenc

37、e has come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on

38、both sides, who would in order respects, appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence-as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no

39、 actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learned that violence never solve

40、s a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. Not solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wound what hit us.The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder an

41、d harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and gh

42、ettos, at improving living -standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the id

43、eals of a stable social programme. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-exi

44、stence between the races, we must appreciate each others problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. “Talk, talk, talk，”the advocate of violence say, “all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.” Its rather like the

45、 story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. “Possible, my lord,” the barrister replied, “none the wiser, but surely far better informed.” Knowledge is the

46、 necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.1. What is the best title for this passage?2.Recorded history has taught us （ ）.3.It can be inferred that truly reasonable men（ ） .4.“He was none the wiser” means （ ）.5.According the author the best

47、 way to solve race prejudice is（ ） .问题1选项A.Advocating Violence.B.Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.C.Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.D.The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.问题2选项A.violence never solves anything.B.nothing.C.the bloo

48、dshed means nothing.D.everything.问题3选项A.cant get a hearing.B.are looked down upon.C.Have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.D.are persecuted.问题4选项A.he was not at all wise in listening.B.he was not at all wiser than nothing before.C.he gains nothing after listening.D.he makes no sense of the ar

49、gument.问题5选项A.Law enforcementB.KnowledgeC.Mopping up the violent messD.nonviolence【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。B项(暴力难以消除种族偏见)适合做文章标题。2.细节题。第一段指出: The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing (人类的整个历史记录，那冗长乏味

50、的暴力记录，完全没有教给我们任何东西)，故选B。3.推断题。第二段指出: 真正有理智的人鼓吹法制，遭到同类们的轻视、不信任和迫害。他们发现要人倾听他们的意见越来越困难。D项是对A,B,C三项的总结。4.语义题。None the wiser字面意思是 “点也不比以前聪明”。5.细节题。第二段指出: 如果我们在法律的构架中进行工作，真正的持久的解决总是能实现的。因此推断作者认为, 法制是消灭种族歧视的办法。10. 单选题By about A.D. 500 the Mound Builder （筑堤人）culture was declining, perhaps because of attacks

51、 from other tribes or perhaps because of severe climatic changes that undermined agriculture. To the west another culture, based on intensive agriculture, was beginning to flourish. Its center was beneath present-day St. Louis, and it radiated out to encompass most of the Mississippi watershed, from

52、 Wisconsin to Louisians and from Oklahoma to Tennessee. Thousands of villages were included in its orbit. By about A.D. 700 this Mississippian culture, as is known to archaeologists, began to send its influence eastward to transform the life of most of the less technologically advanced woodland trib

53、es. Like the Mound Builders of the Ohio region, these tribes, probably influenced by Meso-American cultures through trade and warfare, built gigantic mounds as burial and ceremonial places. The largest of them, rising in four terraces to a height of one hundred feet, has a rectangular base of nearly

54、 fifteen acres, larger than that of the Great Pyramid of Egypt. Built between A.D. 900 and 1100 this huge earthwork faces the site of a palisaded （用栅围护）Indian city which contained more than one hundred small artificial mounds marking burial sites. Spread among them was a vast settlement containing s

55、ome 30 000 people by current estimations. The finely crafted ornaments and tools recovered at Cahokia, as this center of Mississippi culture is called, include elaborate ceramics （陶器）finely sculpted stonework, carefully embossed and engraved copper and mica （云母）sheets, and one funeral blanket fashio

56、ned from 12 000 shell beads. They indicate that Cahokia was a true urban center, with clustered housing, markets, and specialists in tool making, hide-dressing, potting, jewelry-making, weaving, and salt-making.1.What is the main topic of the passage?2.The paragraph preceding this one most probably

57、discussed （ ）.3.In relation to the Mississippian culture, the Mound Builder culture waslocated （ ）.4.The Mississippian culture influenced the culture of the（ ）5.According to the passage, the mounds were used as （ ）.问题1选项A.The Mississippian culture.B.The decline of Mound Builder culture.C.The archite

58、cture of Meso-American Indians.D.The eastern woodlands tribes.问题2选项A.the Mound Builder cultureB.warfare in AD500C.the geography of the Mississippi areaD.agriculture near the Mississippi River问题3选项A.in essentially the same areaB.farther south along the watershedC.to the eastD.to the west问题4选项A.easter

59、n woodland tribesB.Mound BuildersC.Meso-AmericansD.Egyptians问题5选项A.palaces for the royal familiesB.fortresses for defenseC.centers for conducting tradeD.places for burying the dead【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。作者以时间为轴线介绍了密西西比文化。2.推断题。第一句为: By about A.D. 500 the Mound Builder（筑堤人）culture w

60、as declining, 紧接着这种文化衰退的两个可能性的 因素，进而又讲述了另一种文化的繁荣。因此推测上一段应该是关于the Mound Builder culture。3.细节题。文章介绍完筑堤人文化之后接着说到To the west anotherculture/因此可以得知密西西比文化位于筑堤人文化的西边。4.细节题。文章指出: began to send its influence eastward to transform the life of most of the less technologically advanced woodland tribes(密西西比文化开始向

61、东影响大多数技术落后的林地部落的生活)。5.细节题。文章指出: built gigantic mounds as burial and ceremonial places (the mounds 是用来做葬礼和祭祀的地方)。11. 单选题Its all annual back-to-school routine. One morning you wave goodbye, and that（1）evening youre burning the late-night oil in sympathy. In the race to improve educational standards, （

62、2）are throwing the books at kids, （3）elementary school students are complaining of home work （4）. Whats a well-meaning parent to do?As hard as（5） may be, sit back and chill, expels advice. Though youve got to get them to do it, （6） helping too much, or even examining :（7） too carefully, you may keep

63、 them （8）doing it by themselves, “I wouldnt advise a parent to check every （9）assignment “ says psychologist John Rosemond, author of Ending the Tough Homework. “Theres a（10）of appreciation for trial and error. Let your children（11）the grade they deserve, “Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their （12）B