2022年考博英语-华中科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷9（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-华中科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Who won the World Cup 1994 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? （1 ） an event takes place, newspapers are on the street （2 ） the details.（3 ）anything happens in the world, reporters are on the spot to gat

2、her the news.Newspapers have one basic （4 ） , to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to （5 ） it.Radio, telegraph, television, and （6 ） inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of commu

3、nication. （7 ）, this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the （8 ） and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are （9 ） and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to （1

4、0 ） out into many other fields. Besides keeping readers informed of the latest news, todays newspapers entertain and influence readers about politics and other important and serious （11 ） .Newspapers influence readers, economic choices （12 ） advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for the

5、ir very （13 ） . Newspapers are sold at a price that （14 ） even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main （15 ） of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The （16 ） in selling advertising depends newspapers value to advertisers. This （17 ） in terms of circulation. How many pe

6、ople read the newspaper?Circulation depends （18 ） on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment （19 ） in a newspapers pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspapers value to readers as a source of information （20 ） the community, city, county, stat

7、e, nation and world and even outer space.问题1选项A.Just whenB.WhileC.Soon afterD.Before问题2选项A.to giveB.givingC.givenD.being given问题3选项A.WhereverB.WhateverC.HoweverD.Whichever问题4选项A.reasonB.causeC.problemD.purpose问题5选项A.makeB.publishC.knowD.write问题6选项A.anotherB.otherC.one anotherD.the other问题7选项A.Howeve

8、rB.AndC.ThereforeD.So问题8选项A.valueB.ratioC.rateD.speed问题9选项A.spreadB.passedC.printedD.completed问题10选项A.provokeB.jumpC.stepD.branch问题11选项A.mattersB.affairsC.thingsD.events问题12选项A.onB.throughC.withD.of问题13选项A.formsB.existenceC.contentsD.purpose问题14选项A.tries to coverB.manages to coverC.fails to coverD.s

9、ucceeds in covering问题15选项A.sourceB.originC.courseD.finance问题16选项A.wayB.meansC.chanceD.success问题17选项A.measuresB.measuredC.is measuredD.was measured问题18选项A.somewhatB.littleC.muchD.something问题19选项A.offeringB.offeredC.which offeredD.to be offered问题20选项A.byB.withC.atD.about【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C第6

10、题:B第7题:A第8题:D第9题:C第10题:C第11题:D第12题:B第13题:B第14题:C第15题:A第16题:B第17题:C第18题:C第19题:D第20题:C【解析】1.考查时间副词（短语）。Just when正当；While当时；Soon after不久之后；Before在之前；根据上下文判断，事件发生在前，报纸报道在后。soon after“不久以后”，符合句意。2.考查分词辨析。现在分词表示主动，报纸报道事件细节是主动的，所以用giving。3.考查关系代词。Wherever无论哪里，表地点；Whatever无论什么；However不管怎样；Whichever无论哪一个；由后一

11、句on the spot（当场）可推断出应选地点状语wherever。4.考查固定搭配。reason原因；cause成因；problem问题；purpose目的。由动词不定式to get可判定本句表示目的，purpose “目的”，选项D符合要求。5.考查动词辨析。make使，让；publish出版；know知道，了解；write写。句意：新闻发生的源头或是从那些将新闻制作并散播人处获得，并传播给那些想要了解新闻的人们。选项C符合句意。6.考查代词辨析。another 另一个；one another彼此，互相；the other两者中的另一个；other“其他的”。其后跟可数名词复数表示泛指。

12、句意：收音机、电报、电视以及其他发明。7.考查逻辑连接词。However然而，表转折；And而且，表并列；Therefore因此，表因果；So因此，表结果。根据上下文，句子间逻辑判断为转折。选项中的however意为“然而”，符合句意。8.考查名词辨析。value价值；ratio比例；rate 比率；speed速度。句意：他们快速地使用更新并且更快的交流方式来提高速度。选项D符合句意。9.考查动词辨析。spread传播；passed传递，通过；printed打印，印刷；completed完成。句意：如今更多的报纸被印刷并且被阅读。选项C符合句意。10.考查固定搭配。step out into

13、“拓展”，既可指人又可指物，branch out into “拓展”，只能用于指人。句意：竞争也使得报纸拓展到很多其他领域。选项C符合句意。11.考查名词辨析。matters “当前状况”；affairs “公共事务及安全事务”；things “事情”一般用于口语中；events“重大，重要事件”。句意：政治事件以及其他重要且严肃的事件。选项D符合句意。12.考查介词辨析。on 在之上；through通过；with和；of属于的。句意：报纸通过广告影响人们的经济选择。through做方式状语，表示“通过，凭借”，选项B符合句意。13.考查名词辨析。form“形式”；existence“存在”；

14、content“内容”；purpose“目的”。句意：报纸是依赖广告生存的，选项B符合句意。14.考查动词短语辨析。tries to cover试图支付；manages to cover打算支付；fails to cover无法支付；succeeds in covering成功支付。根据后面even“甚至”这个语气可判断出此处为否定意义，只有fails to cover表否定，意为“无法支付”。选项C符合句意。15.考查固定搭配。the source of income为固定搭配，意为“收入来源”。选项A符合句意。16.考查名词辨析。 way方式，道路；means 钱财，财富；chance机会

15、；success成功。根据上下文语义，句意：出售版面广告所赚的钱依赖于报纸对广告商的价值。means意为“钱财，财富”，选项B符合句意。17.考查时态与语态。整个文章时态为现在时且此句中应用被动，报纸价值是“被估量”，选项C符合要求。18.考查副词辨析。somewhat有点，稍微；little少量，一丁点；much多，大量；something某事。句意：发行部的工作对于报纸的发行至关重要。选项C符合句意。19.考查时态与语态。句意：刊印在报纸版面上的娱乐和服务。被动语态且表示将来，选项D符合句意。20.考查固定搭配。by通过；凭借；with和；at在；about关于。at the commun

16、ity意为“在社区内”，为固定用法。选项C符合句意。2. 单选题Early in the sixteenth century, Francis Bacon proposed that science consisted in the elevation of the authority of experiment and observation over that of reason, intuition, and convention. Bacon thought that as more and more reliable and precise particular facts, acc

17、umulate, they can be classified and generalized, resulting in an ever-expanding hierarchy of useful “axioms”. This is what he meant by “induction”.Although many people today continue to regard the collection of facts and their arrangement by induction into theories as the heart of scientific method,

18、 Bacons conception of what facts and theories are and of the relationship between them was hopelessly unrealistic even in his own time. The most important early scientific discoveries such as those made by Galileo about the movement of the earth, by Keppler about the elliptical shape, of planetary o

19、rbits, and later by Newton about the “force” of gravitycould never have been made if Bacons rules had prevailed.Determined to avoid all premature speculations, Bacon proposed that data gathering be carried out by illiterate assistants with no interest in whether an experiment turned out one way or a

20、nother. Plain facts, properly arranged, would automatically lead to certain knowledge of the universe. Nothing could be more misrepresentative of the actual problem-solving techniques of the scientific method. That plain facts do not speak for themselves is evident from Bacons own acceptance of the

21、errors contained in what appeared to be the most “obvious” of facts. For Bacon, that the earth did not move was a fact because it could be seen not to move; and for Bacon it was a fact that life was being spontaneously generated because maggots always developed in putrid flesh and frogs appeared aft

22、er every rain.What is clear is that the great breakthroughs of Newton, Darwin, or Marx could never have been achieved solely on the basis of Baconian fact gathering. Facts are always unreliable without theories which guide their collection and which distinguish between superficial and significant ap

23、pearances.21.According to Bacon, facts （ ）.22.Data collection should be performed by illiterate assistants, （ ） .23.According to Bacon, knowledge can be obtained （ ）.24.Spontaneous generation of life （ ） .问题1选项A.are determined by observationsB.can only be understood through logical reasoningC.have a

24、 hierarchyD.are gathered by illiterate assistants问题2选项A.according to Bacon, as it led to speculationB.according to Bacon, to prevent theories from being formulated on insufficient dataC.was a notion Bacon strongly opposedD.was a notion rejected on the grounds that it led to premature speculations问题3

25、选项A.by subjecting theories to rigorous logical analysisB.not through political or religious dogmas, but through reasonC.by observation aloneD.through the inductive method问题4选项A.was a known fact in Bacons timeB.is verified by maggots in putrid fleshC.is more apparent than realD.is a speculation which

26、 has no basis in observation【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C【解析】21.细节推断题。根据“Francis Bacon proposed that science consisted in the elevation of the authority of experiment and observation over that of reason, intuition, and convention.（培根（Francis Bacon）提出，科学在于提高实验和观察的权威，而不是理性、直觉和惯例的权威。）”即可合理推断得出本题答案。22.细节事实题。

27、根据题干关键词“illiterate assistants” “data collection”，可将信息点定位至原文第二段第一句，“Although many people today continue to regard the collection of facts and their arrangement by induction into theories as the heart of scientific method, Bacons conception of what facts and theories are and of the relationship betwee

28、n them was hopelessly unrealistic even in his own time.（尽管今天许多人仍然把收集事实并把它们归纳成理论作为科学方法的核心，但是培根关于事实和理论是什么以及它们之间的关系的概念，即使在他那个时代也是完全不切实际的。）”从而得出本题答案。23.细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段第二句和第三句。 “Bacon thought that as more and more reliable and precise particular facts, accumulate, they can be classified and ge

29、neralized, resulting in an ever-expanding hierarchy of useful axioms. This is what he meant by induction.（培根认为，随着越来越可靠和精确的特定事实的积累，它们可以被分类和概括，从而形成一个不断扩大的有用的公理层次结构。这就是他所说的归纳法。）”从而得出本题答案。24.细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文最后一段最后一句，“Facts are always unreliable without theories which guide their collection and wh

30、ich distinguish between superficial and significant appearances.（若没有理论指导事实的收集，没有理论区分表面现象和重要现象，那么事实总是不可靠的。）”从而可进行合理推断得出本题答案。3. 单选题Medievalists usually distinguish medieval public law from private law: the former was concerned with government and military affairs and the latter with the family, social

31、 status, and land transactions. Examination on medieval womens lives shows this distinction to be overly simplistic. Although medieval women were legally excluded from roles that categorized as public, such as soldier, justice, jury member, or professional administrative official, womens control of

32、landusually considered a private or domestic phenomenonhad important political implications in the feudal system of thirteenth-century England. Since land equaled wealth and wealth equaled power, certain women exercised influence by controlling land. Unlike unmarried women who were legally subject t

33、o their guardians or married women who had no legal identity separate from their husbands, women who were widows had autonomy with respect to acquiring or disposing of certain property, suing in court, incurring liability for their own debts, and making wills.Although feudal lands were normally tran

34、sferred through primogeniture (the eldest son inheriting all), when no sons survived, the surviving daughters inherited equal shares under what was known as partible inheritance. In addition to controlling any such land inherited from her parents and any bridal dowryproperty a woman brought to the m

35、arriage from her own familya widow was entitled to use of one-third of her late husbands lands. Called “dower” in England, this grant had greater legal importance under common law than did the bridal dowry; no marriage was legal unless the groom endowed the bride with this property at the wedding ce

36、remony. In 1215 Magna Carta (The charter of English political and civil liberties granted by King John at Runnymede in June 1215) guaranteed a widows right to claim her dower without paying a fine; this document also strengthened widows ability to control land by prohibiting forced remarriage. After

37、 1272 women could also benefit from jointure: the groom could agree to hold part or all of his lands jointly with the bride, so that if one spouse died, the other received these lands.Since many widows had inheritances as well as dowers, widows were frequently the financial heads of the family; even

38、 though legal theory assumed the maintenance of the principle of primogeniture, the amount of land the widow controlled could exceed that of her son or of other male heirs. Anyone who held feudal land exercised authority over the people attached to the landknights, rental tenants, and peasantsand ha

39、d to hire estate administrators, oversee accounts, receive rents, protect tenants from outside encroachment, punish tenants for not paying rents, appoint priests to local parishes, and act as guardians of tenants, children and executors of their wills. Many married women fulfilled these duties as de

40、puties for husbands away at court or at war, but widows could act on their own behalf. Widows legal independence is suggested by their frequent appearance in thirteenth-century English legal records. Moreover, the scope of their sway (a: a controlling influence b: sovereign power: DOMINION c: the ab

41、ility to exercise influence or authority: DOMINANCE; synonyms see POWER. ) is indicated by the fact that some controlled not merely single estates, but multiple counties.26.Which one of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?27.Which one of the following most accurately expresses

42、the meaning of the world “sway” as it is used in Line 33 of the passage?28.Which one of the following most accurately describes the function of the second paragraph of the passage?29.According to information in the passage, a widow in early thirteenth-century England could control more land than did

43、 her eldest son if （ ）.30.The primary purpose of the passage is to （ ）.问题1选项A.The traditional view of medieval women as legally excluded from many public offices fails to consider thirteenth-century women in England who were exempted from such restrictions.B.The economic independence of women in thi

44、rteenth-century England was primarily determined not by their marital status, but by their status as heirs to their parents estates.C.The laws and customs of the feudal system in thirteenth-century England enabled some women to exercise a certain amount of power despite their legal exclusion from mo

45、st public roles.D.During the thirteenth century in England, widows gained greater autonomy and legal rights to their property than they had had in previous centuries.问题2选项A.Vacillation.B.Dominion.C.Predisposition.D.Inclination.问题3选项A.Providing examples of specific historical events as support for th

46、e conclusion drawn in the third paragraph.B.Narrating a sequence of events whose outcomes discussed in the third paragraph.C.Explaining how circumstances described in the first paragraph could have occurred.D.Describing the effects of an event mentioned in the first paragraph.问题4选项A.the widow had be

47、en granted the customary amount of dower land and the eldest son inherited the rest of the landB.the widow had three daughters in addition to her eldest sonC.the principle of primogeniture had been applied in transferring the lands owned by the widows late husbandD.the combined amount of land the wi

48、dow had acquired from her own family and from dower was greater than the amount inherited by her son问题5选项A.explain a legal controversy of the past in light of modem theoryB.evaluate the economic and legal status of a particular historical groupC.resolve a scholarly debate about legal historyD.trace

49、the historical origins of a modem economic situation【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】26.主旨目的题。全文多次出现关键词，Medievalists, law, women,浏览全文，主题句可定位到第一段第三句。“Although medieval women were legally excluded from roles that categorized as public, such as soldier, justice, jury member, or professional administrat

50、ive official, womens control of landusually considered a private or domestic phenomenonhad important political implications in the feudal system of thirteenth-century England.（虽然中世纪妇女在法律上被排除在公共角色之外，如士兵、法官、陪审团成员或职业行政官员，但妇女对土地的控制通常被认为是一种私人或家庭现象在13世纪的英国封建制度中具有重要的政治含义。）”由此得出本题答案。27.语义题。根据题干关键词sway定位到原文最

51、后一段最后一句。“Moreover, the scope of their sway (a: a controlling influence b: sovereign power: DOMINION c: the ability to exercise influence or authority: DOMINANCE; synonyms see POWER.) is indicated by the fact that some controlled not merely single estates, but multiple counties.”后面括号中的内容是对其的解释说明，括号中提

52、到influence, power, authority，那么sway的意思则应与这些词相近。选项中dominion意为“主权，统治权”符合要求，从而得出本题答案。28.细节事实题。根据题干定位第二段。原文第一段最后一句“Unlike unmarried women who were legally subject to their guardians or married women who had no legal identity separate from their husbands, women who were widows had autonomy with respect t

53、o acquiring or disposing of certain property, suing in court, incurring liability for their own debts, and making wills.”提到了widows（寡妇）如何分得财产，包括suing in court, incurring liability for their own debts和making wills三种情境，第二段就是围绕着这几种情境来具体描述解释相关的法律规定。从而得出本题答案。29.细节事实题。根据题干关键词widow, control more land, her e

54、ldest son可定位到原文第二段。根据“the surviving daughters inherited equal shares under what was known as partible inheritance.” “property a woman brought to the marriage from her own family” “a widow was entitled to use of one-third of her late husbands lands.”即可得出本题答案。30.主旨目的题。本文讨论的话题背景时期为thirteenth-century En

55、gland，与选项B中的a particular historical group对应；原文第一段第四句提到那段特定历史时期是land equaled wealth and wealth equaled power与选项B中的 the economic and legal status 对应。从而得出本题答案。4. 单选题Finally the dirt road in Maine was leading home. The tire touched the first profanity of pavement, and subtly my vacation began slipping a

56、way.By the first Finally the dirt road in Maine was leading home. The tire touched the first profanity of pavement, tollbooth my state of mind had shifted from neutral to first gear. By the time I had passed all my favorite landmarks, the sign to Biddeford, the bridge labeled Cat Mousam RoadI had sl

57、owly and reluctantly begun to relocate my sense of place, my sense of values.I was going back, to lists and alarm clocks and stockings and school lunches and all the external pressures of the life known as civilization. I was going back to things I had to do.This time even the skies divided these tw

58、o halves of my life. Along Route 95, a curtain of almost impenetrable rain separated one world from the other. The day before, this rain on the roof of the house would have been a comforting boundary to the day, a prediction of reading and fires. Now, the rain on the windshield of the car was a hass

59、le, a challenge to overcome.I turned up the radio, so I could hear the final installment of Jane Eyre over the pelting rain, and thought about these different rhythms that mark my own life, mark of our lives. Left behind was a world in which I simply lived according to its patterns. Ahead of me was

60、the world of agendas and problems that I was expected to encounter and resolve.Was it country versus city? Leisure versus work? Nature versus human environment? Both and neither. Vacation is a state of mind as much as a state of union.For two and half weeks in Main I watched the sky, the cove, the c

61、ormorants and a seagull with the gall to steal chicken off our barbecue. I am told that I became an accomplished mud watcher, sitting on the porch, watching the bottom of the cove of low tide for hours. I prided myself on developing a hobby rarely listed in Whos Who, I became a fine stick-in-the-mud

62、.To me, an urban woman who lives much of her life according to other peoples deadlines and demands, this was a chance to literally vacate the world of schedules and struggles.I did not, do not, use my vacation to climb mountains, shoot rapids or fulfill itineraries of some travel agent. I preferred

63、to drift along ray inclination down through the circle of goals to the mud of acceptance.I was content with the harmony we call doing nothing. There was a sense of letting got being at ease with time rather than at odds with it, I wallowed in the under-standing that there was nothing that had to be done beyond watching the clothes dry and casting for mackerel.But I was also return