2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷3（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 翻译题Put the following Iwo passages into Chinese.Eternal truths will be neither true nor eternal unless they have fresh meaning for every new social situation. It is the function of education, the function of all of the great institutions of learning in the Unite

2、d Stales, to provide continuity for our national life to transmit to youth the best of our culture that has been tested in the fire of history. It is equally the obligation of education to train the minds and the talents of our youth; to improve, through creative citizenship, our American institutio

3、ns in accord with the requirements of the future. We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future.Fame is very much like an animal chasing its tail who, when he captures it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it. Fame and celebrity that a

4、ccompanies it, force the famous person to participate in his or her own destruction. Ironic, isnt it? Those who gain fame most often gain it as a result of possessing a single talent or skill: singing, dancing, painting, or writing, etc. The successful performer develops a style that is marketed agg

5、ressively and gains some popularity, and it is this popularity that usually convinces the performer to continue performing in the same style, since that is what the public seems to want and to enjoy. But in time, the performer becomes bored singing the same songs in the same way year after year, or

6、the painter becomes bored painting similar scenes or portraits, or the actor is tired of playing the same character repeatedly. The demand of the public holds the artist to his or her own success, fame. If the artist attempts to change his or her style of writing or dancing or singing, etc., the aud

7、ience may turn away and look to confer fame on another and then, in time, on another, and so on and so on.【答案】永恒的真理如果不在新的社会形势下赋予新的意义，它要么就不是真理，要么就不是永恒的。它是教育的功能，是美国所有伟大学府的功能，为我们国家的生活提供延续把我们在历史的烈火中经受住考验的精华文化传给年轻人。教育同样有责任培养我们青年一代的思想和才能；通过创造性的公民身份来改善我们美国的制度，使之符合未来的要求。我们不能为我们青年创造未来，但是我们能针对未来造就我们的青年。名誉很像一只

8、追逐自己尾巴的动物，在抓住之后除了继续追逐外，不知道还有其它什么事可做。随之而来的名望迫使名人参与到他/她自己的毁灭中。很讽刺，不是吗？那些成名的人往往是因为拥有某种才能或技能：唱歌，跳舞，绘画或者写作等。成功的表演者发展成一种风格，在市场上非常受欢迎，正因为受欢迎，表演者继续以同样的风格表演，因为这似乎是公众想要并且所欣赏的。但随着时间的推移，表演者厌倦了年复一年地用同样的方式唱同一首歌，画家厌倦了画同样的场景或者肖像或者演员不想再重复出演同样的角色。公众的需求使艺术家得以成名。如果这个艺术家试图改变他/她的写作、跳舞或者歌唱风格等，观众可能会转身把名誉给另外一个人，然后随着时间的推移再给另

9、一个人，如此反复下去。2. 翻译题Put the following two passages into English.南京拥有两千四百多年建城史，是全国首批公布的历史文化名城之一。全市有国家级文物保护单位27处，其中，明孝陵己被列为世界文化遗产。600多年前建成的明城墙，现存25.091公里，是目前世界上保存最长的古城墙。南京现有12个项目被列入国家级非物质文化遗产保护名录，南京云锦、金陵刻经被列入世界非物质文化遗产名录。农历八月十五是我国传统的中秋节。八月十五恰在秋季的中间，故谓之中秋节。 中秋之夜，月色皎洁，古人把圆月视为团圆的象征。相传我国古代帝王就有春天祭日、秋天祭月的礼制，在民间

10、，每逢八月中秋，也有拜月或祭月的风俗。月饼最初是用来祭奉月祌的祭品，后来人们逐渐把中秋赏月与品尝月饼，作为家人团圆的象征。月饼的制作从唐代以后越来越考究，精美的饼面图案不但烘托了中秋佳节的祥和气氛，而且也增加了节日的诗情画意。【答案】Nanjing, with a history of more than 2,400 years, is one of the first released batch of the historical and cultural cities in China. There are 27 state-level cultural relics protectio

11、n units, among which, Ming Tomb has been listed as a world cultural heritage. Built more than 600 years ago, the wall of the Ming Tomb, with an existing length of 25.091 kilometers, is the longest preserved ancient wall in the world. Nanjing currently has 12 projects enlisted in the national intangi

12、ble cultural heritage protection list, among of which both Nanjing Brocade and Jinling Carving are selected into world intangible cultural heritage list.The Lunar August 15th is the traditional Chinese Mid-Autumn Festival. It is called Mid-autumn Festival because lunar August 15th is just in the mid

13、dle of the autumn. On the night of the Mid-Autumn festival, the moon is bright. The ancient people regarded the full moon as a symbol of reunion. According to the legend, ancient Chinese emperors had the rite of offering sacrifices to the sun in spring and to the moon in autumn. And even the ordinar

14、y people also had rituals of worshiping the sun or moon every Mid-Autumn day. Moon cakes were originally offered as sacrifices to worship the moon. Later, people made admiring the moon and tasting the moon cakes as a symbol of family reunion. Since the Tang Dynasty, the production of moon cakes has

15、become more and more exquisite. The beautiful pictures on it not only foil the peaceful atmosphere of Mid-Autumn festival, but also add the poetic meaning to the festival.3. 单选题I came across an old country guide the other day. It listed all the tradesmen in each village in my part of the country, an

16、d it was impressive to see the great variety of services which were available on ones own doorstep in the late Victorian countryside.Nowadays a superficial traveler in rural England might conclude that the only village tradesmen still flourishing were either selling frozen food to the inhabitants or

17、 selling antiques to visitors. Nevertheless, this would really be a false impression. Admittedly there has been a contraction of village commerce, but its vigor is still remarkable.Our local grocers shop, for example, is actually expanding in spite of the competition from supermarkets in the nearest

18、 town. Women sensibly prefer to go there and exchange the local news while doing their shopping, instead of queuing up (anonymously) at a supermarket. And the proprietor knows well that personal service has a substantial cash value.His prices may be a bit higher than those in the town, but he will d

19、eliver anything at any time. His assistants think nothing of bicycling down the village street in their lunch hour to take a piece of cheese to an old age pensioner who sent her order by word of mouth with a friend who happened to be passing, the more affluent customers telephone their shopping list

20、s and the goods are on their doorsteps within an hour. They have only to knit at a fancy for some commodity outside the usual stock and the grocer, a red faced figure, instantly obtains it from them. The village gains from this sort of enterprise, of course. But I also find it satisfactory because a

21、 village shop offers one of the few ways in which a modest individualist can still get along in the world without attaching himself to the big battalions of industry or commerce.Most of the village shopkeepers I know, at any rate, are decidedly individualist in their ways. For example, our shoemaker

22、 is a formidable figure: a thick set, irritable man whom children treat with marked respect, knowing that an ill judged word can provoke an angry eruption at any time. He stares with smouldering contempt at the pairs of cheap, mass produced shoes taken to him for repair: has it come to this, he seem

23、s to be saying, that he, a craftsman, should have to waste his skills upon such trash? But we all know he will in fact do excellent work upon them. And he makes beautiful shoes for those who can afford such luxury.1.The writer considered the old country guide interesting because he found in it（ ）.2.

24、The local grocers shop is expanding even though（ ）.3.The writer implies that one disadvantage of town shops is that（ ）.4.The writer appreciates the village shop because（ ）.5.What is the village shoemakers reaction to mass produced shoes?问题1选项A.the names of so many of the shops in the village aroundB

25、.the many people selling to, and doing jobs for, residents in local villages at the time it appearedC.the variety of shops and services available in Victorian days in BritainD.information about all the jobs there were in his own and surrounding villages at the time it appeared问题2选项A.women spend a lo

26、t of their time there just gossipingB.town shops are larger and rather cheaperC.people like to shop where they are less well knownD.people get personal service in his shop问题3选项A.their prices are higherB.people cannot telephone themC.their staff may take less trouble to satisfy customersD.one has to

27、queue up in them问题4选项A.he welcomes competition with organized businessB.he likes the idea that a humble person can be successfulC.this is a case of individual success in a world of increasingD.he welcomes an example of private enterprise surviving in an age of giant companies问题5选项A.He considers they

28、 are not worth the effort of mending properly.B.He is angry with the customers for bringing to such rubbish.C.He despises their quality.D.He feels exasperated because people waste their money on inferior shoes.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为这本陈旧的乡下导游手册有趣，是因为他在那里发现了”。文章第一段提到这个导游手册

29、列出了我所在地区每个村庄的每个商人，令人印象深刻的是，在维多利亚晚期的乡村，人们在家门口就可以得到各种各样的服务，由此可知选项B“很多人向当地乡下的居民销售商品或者提供服务”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“当地杂货商的店铺正在扩张，尽管”。文章第三段第一句话提到“尽管有最近城镇的超市竞争，我们当地的杂货店实际在扩张”（Our local grocers shop, for example, is actually expanding in spite of the competition from supermarkets in the nearest town），城镇商店的竞争力主要体

30、现在规模大，东西便宜，选项B符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者暗示城镇商店的劣势之一是”。文章第四段“乡下商人卖的商品的价格或许比城镇的高，但他们将在任何时间送任何商品，超市的助手不会想到在他们午饭的时间骑自行车去为一个靠养老金生活的老人送一块奶酪” （His prices may be a bit higher than those in the town, but he will deliver anything at any time. His assistants think nothing of bicycling down the village street in the

31、ir lunch hour to take a piece of cheese to an old age pensioner），选项C“城镇商店店员不会花太多功夫去满足顾客”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者欣赏乡下商店的原因是”。文章第四段最后一句“但我觉得它令人满意，因为乡村商店提供了为数不多的几种方式之一，一个谦虚的个人主义者仍然能在这个世界存活，而不必依附于工商业的大阵营”（But I also find it satisfactory because a village shop offers one of the few ways in which a modest in

32、dividualist can still get along in the world without attaching himself to the big battalions of industry or commerce），选项B“他喜欢谦逊的人能成功的概念”符合题意。5.细节事实题。题目问的是“乡村鞋匠对批量生产的鞋子的反应是”。文章最后一段提到乡村鞋匠带着蔑视的眼光去看那些批量生产的鞋子（He stares with smouldering contempt at the pairs of cheap, mass produced shoes taken to him for

33、repair: has it come to this, he seems to be saying, that he, a craftsman, should have to waste his skills upon such trash?），选项C符合题意。4. 单选题Television is one of todays most powerful and widespread means of mass communication. It directly influences our lives on both a short and long term basis; it bri

34、ngs worldwide situations into our homes; it affords extensive opportunities for acquiring higher education; and it performs these tasks in a convenient yet effective manner. We are all aware of the popularly accepted applications of television, particularly those relative to entertainment and news b

35、roadcasting.Television, however, has also been a vital link in unmanned deep space exploration (such as the Voyager I and II missions) in providing visions from hazardous areas (such as proximity to radioactive materials or environments) in underwater research, in viewing storms moving across a metr

36、opolitan area (the camera being placed in a weather protective enclosure near the top of a tower), etc. The earths weather satellites also use television cameras for viewing cloud cover and movements from 20.000 miles in space. Infrared filters are used for night views, and several systems include a

37、 spinning mirror arrangement to permit wide area views from the camera. Realizing the unlimited applications for todays television, one may thus logically ponder the true benefits of confining most of our video activities to the mass entertainment field.Conventional television broadcasting within th

38、e United States centers around free enterprise and public ownership. This requires funding by commercial sponsors, and thus functions in a revenue producing business manner. Television in USSR subjected areas, conversely, is a government owned and maintained arrangement. While such arrangements elim

39、inate the need for commercial sponsorship, it also has the possibility of limiting the type of programs available to viewers (a number of purely entertainment programs similar to the classic “Bewitched”, however, have been seen on these government controlled networks. All isnt as gray and dismal as

40、the uninformed might unnecessarily visualize).A highly modified form of television called Slow Scan TV is presently being used by many Amateur Radio operators to provide direct visual communications with almost any area of the world. This unique visual mode recently allowed people on the tiny South

41、Pacific country of Pitcairn Island to view, for the first time in their lives, distant areas, and people of the world. The chief radio Amateur and communications officer of Pitcairn, incidentally, is the legendary Tom Christian great, great grandson of Tom Christian of “Mutiny on the Bounty” fame. R

42、adio Amateurs in many lands worked together for several months establishing visual capabilities for Pitcairners. The results have proven spectacular, yet the visual capabilities have only been used for health education or welfare purposes. Commercial TV is still unknown to natives of that tiny count

43、ry. Numerous other forms of television and visual communication have also been used on semi restricted basis. This indicates the many untapped areas of video and television which may soon be exploited on a more widespread basis. The old clich of a picture being worth a thousand words truly has merit

44、.1.According to the passage, applications of television are easily accepted in（ ）.2.Which of the following statements is true in the eyes of the writer?3.According to the passage television in USSR（ ）.4.In the passage, the author tries to tell us purely entertainment programs similar to the classic

45、“Bewitched”（ ）.5.The authors attitude toward television programs is （ ）.问题1选项A.metropolitan areaB.deep space explorationC.programs about entertainment and newsD.remote areas问题2选项A.Applications of television are beneficial to big cities.B.Applications of television are believed to be good activitiesC

46、.Applications of television are restricted to television systems.D.Applications of television benefit to the mass entertainment field.问题3选项A.is limited to a revenue producing business mannerB.requires funding by commercial sponsorsC.puts away the need of commercial aidD.is badly in need of commercia

47、l help问题4选项A.are as good as those in the U.S.B.have been seen on many government controlled networksC.are as gray and dismal as the uninformed might unnecessarily visualizeD.are not as gloomy as the uninformed might问题5选项A.positiveB.indifferentC.criticalD.dangerous【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细

48、节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知电视在哪方面的运用更让人容易接受”。文章第一段最后一句提到“我们都知道电视被广泛接受，尤其是那些与娱乐和新闻广播有关的内容”（We are all aware of the popularly accepted applications of television, particularly those relative to entertainment and news broadcasting），因此选项C符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者看来，下面说法正确的是”。文章第二段最后一句提到“意识到当今电视的无限应用，人们可能会理性地思考我们将大多数

49、影像活动限制于大众娱乐领域而带来的真正好处”（Realizing the unlimited applications for todays television, one may thus logically ponder the true benefits of confining most of our video activities to the mass entertainment field），由此可知选项D“电视使用受益的是大众娱乐”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章所述，苏联的电视”。文章第二段提到苏联的电视是受政府控制的，所以不需要赞助（Television i

50、n USSR subjected areas, conversely, is a government owned and maintained arrangement），因此选项C“不需要商业支持”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“文章作者试图告诉我们与古典的Bewitched相似的纯娱乐节目”。文章第三段提到“它也可能限制可供观众观看的节目类型（然而，在这些由政府控制的网络上，已经出现了一些类似经典的入迷的纯娱乐节目。与知情者可能不必要观看的节目相比，这些节目没有那么令人忧郁）”it also has the possibility of limiting the type of pr

51、ograms available to viewers (a number of purely entertainment programs similar to the classic “Bewitched”, however, have been seen on these government controlled networks. All isnt as gray and dismal as the uninformed might unnecessarily visualize)，因此选项D符合题意。5.观点态度题。题目问的是“作者对于电视节目的态度是”。文章对电视节目各种好处进行

52、了叙述，最后一段提到“这表明视频与电视的有很多还未被开发的用途，这些用途可能很快地在更广泛的基础上被开发出来”（This indicates the many untapped areas of video and television which may soon be exploited on a more widespread basis），选项A“积极的”符合题意。5. 单选题Given the lack of fit between gifted students and their schools, it is not surprising that such students o

53、ften have little good to say about their school experience. In one study of 400 adults who had achieved distinction in all areas of life, researchers found that three-fifths of these individuals either did badly in school or were unhappy in school. Few MacArthur Prize fellows, winners of the MacArth

54、ur Award for creative accomplishment, had good things to say about their pre-collegiate schooling if they had not been placed in advanced programs. Anecdotal reports support this Pablo Picasso, Charles Darwin , Mark Twain, Oliver Goldsmith, and William Butler Yeats all disliked school. So did Winsto

55、n Churchill, who almost failed out of Harrow, an elite British school. About Oliver Goldsmith, one of his teachers remarked, “Never was so dull a boy.” Often these children realize that they know more than their teachers, and their teachers often feel that these children are arrogant, inattentive, o

56、r unmotivated.Some of these gifted people may have done poorly in school because their gifts were not scholastic. Maybe we can account for Picasso in this way. But most fared poorly in school not because they lacked ability but because they found school unchallenging and consequently lost interest.

57、Yeats described the lack of fit between his mind and school: “Because I had found it difficult to attend to anything less interesting than my own thoughts, I was difficult to teach,” As noted earlier, gifted children of all kinds tend to be strong-willed nonconformists. Nonconforinity and stubbornne

58、ss are likely to lead to Conflicts with teachers.When highly gifted students in any domain talk about what was important to the development of their abilities, they are far more likely to mention their families than their schools or teachers. A writing prodigy studied by David Feldman and Lyun Golds

59、mith was taught far more about writing by his journalist father than his English teacher. High -IQ children, in Australia studied by Miraca Gross bad much more positive feelings about their families than their schools. About half of the mathematicians studied by Benjamin Bloom had little good to say

60、 about school. They all did well in school and took honors classes when available, and some skipped grades.1.The main point the author is making about schools is that（ ）.2.The author quotes the remarks of one of Oliver Goldsmiths teachers（ ）.3.Pablo Picasso is listed among the many gifted children w

61、ho（ ）.4.Many gifted people attributed their success（ ）.5.The root cause of many gifted students having bad memories of their school years is that （ ）.问题1选项A.they should satisfy the needs of students from different family backgroundsB.they are often incapable of catering to the needs of talented stud

62、entsC.they should organize their classes according to the students abilityD.they should enroll as many gifted students as possible问题2选项A.to provide support for his argumentB.to illustrate the strong will of some gifted childrenC.to explain how dull students can also be successfulD.to show how poor O

63、livers performance was at school问题3选项A.paid no attention to their teachers in classB.contradicted their teachers much too oftenC.could not cope with their studies at school successfullyD.behaved arrogantly and stubbornly in the presence of their teachers问题4选项A.mainly to parental help and their educa

64、tion at homeB.both to school instruction and to their parents coachingC.more to their parents encouragement than to school trainingD.Less to their systematic education than to their talent问题5选项A.their nonconformity brought lliem a lot of troubleB.they were seldom praised by their teachersC.school courses failed to inspire or motivate themD.teacher were usually far stricter than their parents【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段第一句提到“如果有天赋