2022军队文职人员招聘-军队文职英语言文学考前拔高名师测验卷8（附答案解析）

《2022军队文职人员招聘-军队文职英语言文学考前拔高名师测验卷8（附答案解析）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022军队文职人员招聘-军队文职英语言文学考前拔高名师测验卷8（附答案解析）（11页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022军队文职人员招聘-军队文职英语言文学考前拔高名师测验卷（附答案解析）1. 问答题：1949年以后，一个真正的妇女解放过程开始了。男女平等被定为国策，所有妇女都参加生产劳动。这件事太伟大了，因为就算是在西方，妇女对工作权、选举权的争取也要经过100多年，但是中国女性直接就获得了这些权利。而且女性参加社会生产劳动的比例一下就超过了很多西方国家，几乎是100%的适龄并适合劳动的妇女都出来工作，这应该说是一个非常关键的进步。然而，那个年代有时是比较极端的。过于强调男女都一样，男性能做到的，女性也能做到，男女之间没什么区别，大家穿同样的衣服，女孩儿也都不化妆，好像没有性别的区分了。但造成这种现象

2、的原因是过去女性的地位太低，转到这个阶段，女性被抑制的各种方面爆发了。此时，女性的地位得到极大提高，但性别差异也被忽略。答案： 本题解析：A factual women liberation started after 1949. Gender equality was advocated as a national policy and all women were engaged in social production work. This was unbelievably great because that even in the west world, women had stru

3、ggled for over 100 years for the right to work and vote. Whats more, the percentage of working women surpassed quite a few western countries; nearly 100% right-aged women with a labor power went to work out of their homes. This was a very critical progress.However, that was a relatively extreme age.

4、 Gender equality was overemphasized that what a man did could also be done by a woman. There was no big difference between male and female. Everyone wore the same and girls wore no make-up. The reason for this phenomenon was that women were tied to a lower social position for a long past and their l

5、ong-depressed desires exploded in this period. Their status was enhanced but at the same time their sexual distinction was practically ignored.2. 问答题：小巷的动人处就是它无比的悠闲。无论谁，只要你到巷里去踟躇一会，你的心情就会如巷尾不波的古井，那是一种和平的静穆，而不是阴森和萧杀。它闹中取静，别有天地，仍是人间。它可能是一条现代的乌衣巷，家家有自己的一本哀乐帐一部兴衰史，可是重门叠户，讳莫如深，夕阳影里，野花闲草，燕子低飞，寻觅归家。只是一片澄明入

6、水的气氛，净化一切，笼罩一切，使人忘忧。巷，是人海汹汹中的一道避风塘，给人带来安全感；是城市喧嚣扰嚷中的一带洞天幽静，胜似皇家的阁道，便于平常百姓徘徊徜徉。爱逐臭争利，锱铢必较的，请到长街闹市去；爱轻嘴薄舌的，争是论非的，请到茶馆酒楼去；爱锣鼓钲镗，管弦嗷嘈的，请到歌台剧院去；爱宁静淡泊，沉思默想的，深深的小巷在欢迎你。答案： 本题解析：The charm of the lane lies in its absolutely serenity. No matter who you are, if you loiter around in the lane for a while, your m

7、ind will become as unruffled as the ancient well at the end of the lane. There you will experience a kind of peaceful calmness rather than gloomy sternness. There reigns peace and quiet in the midst of noisy bustle. It is a world of its own on earth. It may be a modern version of?Wu Yi Xiang,?a spec

8、ial residential area of nobility in the Jin Dynasty southeast of todays Nanjing, where each family, secluded behind closed doors, has its own cover-up story of joys and sorrows, and rise and decline. When the sun is setting, swallows will fly low over wild flowers and grass on their way to their nes

9、ts. The all-pervading and all-purifying atmosphere of water-like placidness makes one forget all cares and worries.The lane is a safe haven for those struggling in the turbulent sea of humans to enjoy a sense of security. It is a heavenly abode in the midst of confusion. Unlike the erstwhile plank-p

10、aved path used exclusively by the imperial family for their vehicles to move on smoothly, the lane is a place for the common people to roam about leisurely.Those who strive after fame and gain, and haggle over every penny, please go to the downtown area! Those who are sharp-tongued and quarrelsome,

11、please go to the teahouse or restaurant! Those who love deafening gongs and drums as well as noisy wind and string instruments, please go to the opera house or theatre! Those who are given to profound meditation and a quiet life without worldly desires, welcome to the lane!3. 问答题：2005年12月，当建筑工人将北京银泰

12、中心的最后一根大梁安装完成后，“京城第一高楼”正式封顶，它的高度为249.9米。此前的15年，“京城第一高楼”的荣誉属于京广中心，其高度为209米；在更早之前的1958年，“京城第一”的荣誉属于50年代的“十大建筑”之一位于长安街的北京电报大楼。大楼装有四面塔钟，每当悠扬的报时钟声回荡于十里长街，北京人常常会习惯性地抬头仰望高达74米的电报大楼。银泰中心在“京城第一高楼”的“交椅”上仅坐了不到二年，国贸二期竣工后，又将北京的高度提升到330米。在国贸的不远处，则是即将竣工的中央电视台新址、北京财富中心。他们正俯瞰北京城，成为这座城市的下一个制高点。上述故事发生于CBD，即位于北京城东的中央商务

13、区，这里已经成为北京最富有活力、最具有现代化气息的地区之一。这些气势恢宏、雄心勃勃的建筑，是北京飞速发展的一个缩影，同时也是北京乃至中国崛起于世界的窗口。(376 words)答案： 本题解析：In December, 2005, when the construction worker finished mounting the last crossbeam of the Beijing Yintai Center, the tallest building in Capital Beijing formally completed its capping, with a height of

14、 249.9 meters. 15 years before that, the honor of the tallest building in Capital Beijing fell to Jingguang Center, measured 209 meters by height; while in the earlier year of 1958, this honor belonged to one of the ten great buildings in 1950s, that is, the Beijing Telegraph Building located in the

15、 Changan street. This building was furnished with turret clock on its four sides. When the melodious bell rang across the ten-li long street to tell the time, people in Beijing would habituallly rise their head and look up at the telehraph building as high as 74 meters. The Yintai Center had kept th

16、e honor for just less than two years until the completion of the second-phase project of the China World Trade Center, which has elevated the height of Beijing to 330 meters. Not far from it lie the new site of CCTV headquarters and the Beijing Fortune Plaza. They will overlook Beijing as the next c

17、ommanding height of the city.The above-mentioned stories all took place in CBD-the Central Bussiness District in the east of Beijing, which boasts to be one of the most dynamic and modern part of Beijing. And these imposing and ambitious buildings represent not only a miniature for the rapid develop

18、ment of Beijing, but also a window for the emerging Beijing and even the florishing China in the world.4. 问答题：中国经济上半年总体上保持了持续、快速、健康的发展态势。从宏观经济来说不能轻言“过热”。严格地讲，过热不是个经济词汇。过热相当于人体的发烧，是一种病态。这个不严谨的词汇用在经济生活中容易引起误解。比如说，过热和高速度是什么关系？高速度能不能等于过热？当然，在思想上时刻警惕过热是必要的，但是全社会都来炒作“过热”会有不好的效果。比如，如果中国经济现在过热，下一步肯定会出现通货膨胀，

19、可能会“踩刹车”，外资就会对自己的投资重新进行论证。国内企业家也会这样想。过热炒作太多的话会影响一些非专家型的人。就像医生对病人说疾病的时候要科学、严谨，否则会给病人带来很大的心理负担。心理因素在社会经济生活中越来越重要，舆论引导民众心理要有正确的方向。答案： 本题解析：As a whole/Generally speaking, Chinas economy has kept a continuous, rapid and healthy development in the first half of the year. Viewed from macro-economics, it is

20、 wrong to allege there is an “overheat” in economy. “Overheat” is not an economic term, referring to a kind of sickness of the economy corresponding to “fever” in the human body. The use of such an imprecise term may cause misunderstanding in economic life. For example, how would you explain the rel

21、ation between overheat and high speed, or does the latter mean the former?Of course it is necessary to keep vigilance all the time. However, it wont bring any sound result if the whole society talks too much about / makes a sensation/hullabaloo of “overheat”. If Chinas economy were really overheated

22、 now, inflation would surely follow, then the brake must be applied, and as a result foreign investors would re-examine their investment in China, and then domestic entrepreneurs would follow suit / reconsider their investment too. Too much talk about “overheat” would have an adverse effect on some

23、non expert personnel. A scientific and careful attitude is needed in such talks just like the case when (medical) doctors tell their patients what illness they are suffering from, lest they should / otherwise it might become some psychological burden on the part of the patients. Psychological factor

24、s are becoming more and more important in social economic life and a correct orientation is needed for the public opinion to lead the mass psychology.5. 问答题：现在我们正面临着一项严峻的挑战：全球变暖。地球气候持续恶化，正在演变成一场事关紧要的战争，而从任何一个方面来看，美国都正在输掉这场战争。美国每年排放的温室气体占全球总量的近25%，并声称它不打算采取任何减排措施。困难还在于，即使绝大多数人认为气候变化是个全球性的紧急事件，如何解决这个问

25、题很难达成共识。工业界提出自己的方案，可惜这些方案通常解决不了什么问题。环保主义者也献策，可惜他们的方案往往过于天真，以至于会严重阻碍美国社会和经济的发展。但是一个宏大而有效的方案到底是什么样的呢？如何才能让我们同时拥有安全的环境和良好的经济増长？答案： 本题解析：We are now faced with a momentous challenge: global warming. The steady deterioration of the very climate of our very planet is becoming a war of the first order, and

26、by any measure, the U.S. is losing. The U.S. produces nearly a quarter of the worlds greenhouse gases each year and has made it clear that it doesnt intend to do anything about it. The rub is, even if the vast majority of people agree that climate change is a global emergency, theres far less consen

27、sus on how to fix it. Industry offers its plans, which too often would fix little. Environmentalists offer theirs, which too often amount to naive wish lists that could cripple Americas social and economic development. But what would an ambitious, effective plan look likeone that would leave us both

28、 environmentally safe and economically sound?6. 问答题：由于环境污染严重，如今亚洲南部的上空笼罩着污浊不堪的空气层，被称作“亚洲褐云”。科学家警告说这种情况将造成亚洲地区上百万人丧生，同时还会对全世界的环境造成威胁。在这次大规模的研究中，200位科学家提出警告，认为这朵厚达三公里的“亚洲褐云”正是导致每年成千上百人死于呼吸道疾病的真正“杀手”。科学家们说，这层令人窒息的烟雾阻挡住了10%到15%射向地面的阳光，而且业已改变了南亚地区的气候，使得地面温度下降而大气温度升高。联合国环境署主席克劳斯特普费尔8月11日在伦敦一个新闻发布会上说：“全世界范

29、围内的环境污染已经初见端倪，仅仅亚洲上空这一片三公里厚的乌云，就可以在一周之内迅速蔓延，笼罩半个地球。”8月26日将要在南非约翰内斯堡召开地球首脑会议，届时与会各国将共同商讨如何为我们生活的星球“减负”。联合国的初步环境调查报告将于大会召开前三周提交。答案： 本题解析：A dense blanket of pollution, dubbed the “Asian Brown Cloud,” is hovering over South Asia, with scientists warning it could kill millions of people in the region, an

30、d pose a global threat.In the biggest-ever study of the phenomenon, 200 scientists warned that the cloud, estimated to be three kilometers thick, is responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths a year from respiratory disease.By slashing the sunlight that reaches the ground by 10 to 15 percent, t

31、he choking smog has also altered the regions climate, cooling the ground while heating the atmosphere, scientists said.“There are also global implications, not least because a pollution parcel like this, which stretches three kilometers high, can travel half way round the globe in a week,” U.N. Envi

32、ronment Program chief Klaus Toepfer told a news conference in London on August 11.The U.N.s preliminary report comes three weeks before the Earth Summit in Johannesburg, which opens on August 26, where all eyes will be on how not to overburden the planet.7. 问答题：指南针的发明源于中国。2000多年前的战国时期，人们利用磁铁在地球磁场中的南

33、北指极性发明了指南针的雏形，称之为“司南”。它用天然磁石制成，样子像一把勺子，底部为圆形，可在平滑的“地盘”上自由旋转，待旋转的磁勺慢慢停止下来时，勺柄就指向南方。磁石的硬度为5.56.54。900年前的北宋时期，人们把一片薄铁皮剪成约7厘米长，1.5厘米宽的鱼形，放在炭火中烧得通红，然后用鱼嵌夹着鱼头，让鱼尾正对着地球磁场方向。这样，铁鱼内部被烧得处于活动状态的磁畴就顺着地球磁场方向排列，再把磁化后的铁鱼迅速浸入冷水中，磁畴的规则排列就马上固定下来。这时，再把小鱼浮在水面平静的碗中，鱼头鱼尾就可以指南北了。在使用指南针的过程中，人们不断地改进，不断地摸索，使指向仪器在外形上终于成为最简便的针

34、形。人们拿一根小钢针在磁石上反复摩擦，待钢针磁化后，便是指南针了。在此基础上，以后人们发明了更为先进的罗盘。指南针首先是风水先生发明和使用的。北宋时期，指南针应用于航海事业中，使之有了经久不衰的生命力。北宋前，航海者是利用日月星辰的位置来判定方向。这种方法在天晴时尚可运用，一旦阴雨天，航海者的命运就难以把握了。自从有了指南针，它为航海者带来极大的方便，成为航海家的必备之物。郑和七次下西洋，哥伦布对美洲大陆的发现和麦哲伦的环球航行，都与指南针的应用分不开。答案： 本题解析：The compass was invented in China.Two thousand years ago, duri

35、ng the Warring States Period （475 B.C.221 B.C.） in China, the Chinese invented “Sinan”, an embryonic form of compass, which made use of the magnets property that it always orients itself north and South in the magnetic field of the earth. It was made of natural magnetic lodestone and it looked like

36、a spoon with a hardness of 5.56.5. Its bottom was round and so it could spin freely on the tray on which it was placed. When the revolving spoon slowed down and came to a stop, its handle pointed to the south.Nine hundred years ago, in the Northern Song Dynasty （960 A.D.1127 A.D.）, the Chinese made

37、a thin iron sheet shaped like a fish, which was 7 cm in length and l.5 cm in breadth. It was heated red hot in a charcoal fire. The fish head was then gripped with a pair of tongs and the fish tail was turned to the direction of the magnetic field of the earth. The moving magnetic domain inside the

38、hot fish was thus aligned in the same direction as the magnetic field of the earth. The magnetized fish was then put suddenly into cold water, thus fixing the magnetic field in the fish. Therefore, when the fish was floated on still water in a bowl, the head of the fish pointed to the south and the

39、tail to the north. Over years, this fish-shaped device gradually evolved into the more simple and convenient form of an iron needle. To make it, a small needle was repeatedly rubbed on a piece of magnetite till it was magnetized. The more advanced compass was invented on the basis of it afterwards.T

40、he compass was first invented and used by men who help people to determine whether the layout and the position of their homes and offices are in good relation to the environment. In the Northern Song Dynasty, it was used in navigation, therefore gaining a lasting life. Before that time, navigators d

41、etermined directions by looking at the positions of the sun, the moon and the stars. This method was useful when the sky was clear. It was, however, difficult to ensure a navigators destiny when the sky was overcast or rainy.Ever since the use of the compass, navigation became much easier and for th

42、e navigators, it became indispensable. For example, Zheng He, the famous Chinese navigator in the Ming Dynasty, went seven times （1405 A.D.1433 A.D.） to more than 30 countries in Asia and Africa by sea. Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas, and Ferdinand Magellan made a voyage around the wor

43、ld by sea. All of these voyages would not have been successful without making use of the compass.8. 问答题：希腊破产；主权信用评级为垃圾级的葡萄牙在恳求安哥拉投资；高失业率的西班牙其利率在过去的这个月里已经翻倍；投资者对正在复苏的爱尔兰债券持高度警惕的态度。增长停滞的意大利正在负隅顽抗，尽管新上任的技术型总理蒙蒂（Mario Monti）有着明星般的声誉，但意大利仍面临着不可持续的高利率；而对于在欧盟的成员国比利时来说，负债已经与GDP相当，债务信用评级已被下调，原因之一就是新政府迟迟未能成立。

44、消费者信心正在下降的法国很可能是下一个。德国的部分国债还没卖出去，并且国债的价格也在下滑。任何欧元区国家以及欧元区公司都无法逃脱欧元区这座建筑的结构性缺陷所带来的影响。欧元区以外的国家也未能幸免。英国赤字高涨，债台高筑，减赤方案有可能不起作用。英国之所以还维持着AAA的评级，是因为该多拥有自己的货币，并且评级机构在决定是否降级时越来越多地考虑到国家的管理能力。英国被认为管理能力较强，但等周三公务员大罢工令全国陷入瘫痪后，情况可能就不一样了。答案： 本题解析：Bankrupt Greece; junk-rated Portugal pleading with Angola for inbound

45、 investment; jobless Spain, facing some interest rates that have doubled in the past month; and recovering Ireland have already fallen to the bond vigilantes. Growth-free Italy is fighting a rearguard action, facing unsustainable interest rates despite the stellar reputation of its newly appointed t

46、echnocrat prime minister, Mario Monti; Belgian debt, now equal to its GDP, has been downgraded, in part because of the inability of this seat of the EU to form a new government. France, consumer confidence dropping, is likely next. Some German IOUs were unsold, and prices of bunds are slipping. No e

47、uro-zone country and no euro-zone company can any longer escape the consequences of the structural flaw in the euro-zone architecture.Nor can countries outside the euro zone. Great Britain, with high deficits, mounting debt, and a deficit-reduction plan that just might not work, retains its triple-A

48、 rating because it has its own currency and the rating companies increasingly consider governance when deciding whether to downgrade. Britain is considered governable, but that might change after Wednesdays strike of public-service workers shuts down the country.9. 问答题：近年来，中国汽车保有量年平均增长达15%左右。汽车总量剧增，

49、大量排放有害气体，成为危害国人身心健康的“无形杀手”。据统计，在全国总死亡人数中，呼吸系统疾病占22.64%，居死亡人数第一位，这与大气的污染有直接关系。专家分析，城市大气污染70%以上来自汽车尾气排放。北京大气中74%的碳氢化合物、63%的一氧化碳和37%的氮氧化物均来自汽车尾气。专家还指出，中国汽车尾气污染的根本源头是现代汽车工业技术水平低下，新车质量不高，能源消耗高。中国汽车设计与制造技术水平大多尚停留在国际60年代水平。大多数汽车装配492型发动机，整体性能差，电子喷射技术差，汽油燃烧不充分，机内净化问题没有解决好，没有严格的新车尾气排放标准。汽车尾气污染城市环境问题已引起国家有关部门

50、及民众的高度重视，一些治理措施正在逐步有效地展开。国务院规定，中国将在2000年完全禁止生产、销售和使用含铅汽油。答案： 本题解析：Over the past few years, the number of motor vehicles on Chinese roads has risen on average by some 15 percent annually. This drastic increase has created a large amount of exhaust pollution, forming an “invisible killer” menacing the

51、 health of the general public. Respiratory disease is the top cause of death in China, accounting for 22.64 percent, and this has been directly blamed on atmospheric pollution. The result of an official analysis indicates that over 70 percent of air pollution in urban areas is created by vehicle exh

52、aust. In Beijing, for example, 74 percent of the carbon and hydrogen compound, 63 percent of carbon monoxide and 37 percent of nitrogen oxide compound in the air come from vehicle exhaust.Some experts believe the basic reason is a lack of technological advances in Chinas auto industry, resulting in

53、the low quality and high energy consumption level of new models. Chinas auto design and manufacturing technology remain at the international level of the 1960s. Most vehicles are equipped with the standard No. 492 engine, featuring poor properties, outdated electronic ignition technology and insuffi

54、cient burning of fuel. This negatively affects the purification system, preventing proper emission control. Pollution caused by vehicle exhausts has claimed wide attention from both the general public and the government. As a result, a series of effective improvement measures have been put into effe

55、ct. The State Council has issued stipulations on completely banning the production, marketing and use of leaded gasoline by 2000.10. 问答题：中国的春节在农历一月一日，是新一年的开始。这是举家团圆的时刻。一般说来，在春节前几天，只要有可能的话，多数人无论身处何地都会回家。就像圣诞节一样，人们会买很多东西如食品、礼物、衣服和烟花爆竹给孩子们。在除夕之夜，多数农村家庭仍然保持着一些传统习俗，如在两扇门上都贴上门神和春联。他们把“福”字倒贴在墙上和家具的门上，意思是“福

56、到了”。除夕之夜的年夜饭是必不可少的程序。全家人围坐着一张桌子一同分享佳肴，人多的话兴许不止一张桌子。家人还会为没能赶回家的亲人留些座位，仿佛他们也在一起吃似的。年夜饭过后，大家会坐在一起，观看中央电视台的春节特别节目，等待，新年的到来。午夜将近时，特别节目也接近尾声，这时家家户户都到户外去放鞭炮。据说这样可以驱妖除魔。新年的早饭是很特别的，北方人吃饺子，南方人吃糯米饭团。走亲访友从新年的第一天就开始了，俗称“拜年”。每到这时，孩子们是最开心的，因为他们可以从长辈那里拿到压岁钱，据说压岁钱能带给他们好运。新年第五天，人们祭拜财神，送走新年。春节就结束了。答案： 本题解析：According t

57、o the Chinese lunar calendar, the Spring Festival falls on the first day of the first month, which marks the beginning of a new year. It is a time for family reunion. In most cases, just a few days before the festival, if possible, most of the family members come home, no matter where they are. And

58、like the Christmas season, people buy a lot of things: food, gifts, clothing and fireworks for children. On the New Years eve, most of the families in the countryside still keep the customs of pasting paintings of door gods on the two doors and couplets on either side of the doors. They put the Chin

59、ese character meaning “happiness” upside down and paste it on walls and doors of the furniture to mean “happiness has come.” Feast dinner is a must for the whole family on the New Years eve, when all the family members sit at one or more tables. Dinner seats will be arranged for the absent members a

60、s if they were also joining the dinner. After dinner, they sit together waiting for the coming of the New Year, usually by watching the CCTV special program for Spring Festival. At midnight when it is near the end of the program, every family goes out to set off firecrackers, which is said to drive

61、evils away. Breakfast for the New Years Day is special,?Jiaozi?for those in North China and small glutinous rice balls for the southerners. Visits are exchanged to relatives and friends from the New Years Day on, which is called “Bainian”. Children are the happiest ones because they can get lucky money from their seniors. The money is believed to bring good luck to them. On the fifth day, people celebrate the end of the Festival by worshipping the Fortune God.