2022年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试题库及模拟押密卷81（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 翻译题Section A English to Chinese (15 points)Directions: Translate the underlined part of the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on your ANSWER SHEET.56. In comparison with military, political and economic security, ecological security has a wide

2、r influence on the common people living in a country. Once its ecological environment is destroyed, the future survival of the whole nation, especially the poor will be horribly undermined, and it will be extremely difficult for a generation, or even tens of generations to reclaim the environment on

3、ce ecological deterioration goes beyond a certain threshold. Although protection of the environment has long been a matter of basic state policy for the Chinese government, it is a undeniable fact that, on the whole, efforts to improve the environment have largely failed to match destructive forces

4、working against them.57. This book derivers from decades of teaching in various schools across the country. It is based on the belief that philosophy is a genuinely exciting subject, accessible not only to specialists and a few gifted undergraduate majors but to everyone. Everyone is a philosopher w

5、hether enrolled in a philosophical course or not. The difference is that someone who has studied philosophy systematically has the advantage of having encountered stronger and more varied arguments than might have been available otherwise. What is special about this book is that is offers introducto

6、ry students the otherwise opportunity of having direct contact with substantial readings from significant books on philosophy, but without the unreasonable demand that they confront these books in full, which are often incomprehensible.58. Whats strange about man is that he has yet to learn to settl

7、e disputes by some means other than war. Not only does war take a heavy toll of lives, but leads to increased tension. The use of sophisticated weapons is apt to bring about disasters to human health although the reluctance to eliminate weapons of mass destruction on the part of the big powers will

8、not necessarily end up with conflicts. The chances are that man will have his own civilization destroyed if the notion of the survival of the fittest still applies to the international community. We cannot help wondering how many years it will take for the world to eliminate war once for all.Section

9、 B Chinese to English (20 points)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English. Write your translation on your ANSWER SHEET.59. 扩大内需是我国经济发展的长期战略方针和基本立足点，也是促进经济均衡发展的根本途径和内在要求。(5 points)60. 近年来我国收入差距不断扩大已成为不争的事实，收入分配的公平问题越来越受到公众的高度关注。(5 points)61. 实现义务教育均衡发展已经成为社会共识，但是，我国目前财政教育经费投入不足，教育资源

10、分配结构也不合理，地区教育公共服务的提供依然存在较大的差异。(6 points)62. 文化是某一特定人群所有传统、习俗、信仰和各种生活方式的总和。(4 points)【答案】Section A English to Chinese56. 一旦生态环境遭到破坏，整个国家，尤其是穷人将来的生存将会受到极大的损害，而且一旦生态恶化超过一定限度，那么一代人，甚至几十代人要想重新修复环境都极为困难。尽管保护环境一直是中国政府制定的一项基本国策，然而一个不可否认的事实是，总的来说，改善环境的种种努力很大程度上未能抵抗破坏环境的力量。57. 它基于以下观点：哲学的确是一门有趣的学科，不仅专家和有的具有天赋

11、的本科生可以理解哲学，人人都可理解。不论是否上过哲学课，每个人都是哲学家。区别在于：系统学习过哲学的人具有这样的优势，他们遇到的论点要比以其他方式遇到的论点更有说服力、种类更多。该书的特点是：它使初学者有机会直接接触选自重要哲学著作并有实质内容的读物，但并不过分地要求学生必须通读这些很难读懂的书籍。58. 尽管大国不愿意销毁大规模杀伤性武器的心理不一定导致冲突，但尖端武器的使用会给人类健康带来灾难。如果适者生存（或优胜劣汰）这观念仍使用于国际社会，那么人类的文明就很可能遭到毁灭。我们不禁要问世界需要多少年才能彻底消灭战争。Section B Chinese to English59. Expa

12、nsion of domestic demand is a long-term strategic approach in our countrys economic development and basic standpoint, and also to promote balanced economic development within the fundamental approach and the required.60. In recent years, the widening of income gap has become an indisputable fact, an

13、d the fairness of income distribution has been paid more and more attention by the public.61. It has become a social consensus to realize the balanced development of compulsory education. However, because national expenditure on education is insufficient, and the distribution structure of education

14、resources is unreasonable, there are still great differences in the provision of educational public services in different regions.62. Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings.2. 单选题Once upon a time, the emblematic jazz singer

15、 was an African-American woman, serenading a smoke-filled room. Think Billie Holiday and Ella Fitzgerald. Today, a talented crop of cosmopolitan young singers are creating a new breed of jazz vocalist: the globalized chanteuse. They come from multicultural backgrounds, live all over the world, and a

16、re infusing the traditional American sound with new energy. Take todays rising star, 26-year-old Sophie Milman. Born in Russia, she fled with her family to Israel at the age of 7, then settled in Canada at 16. Now she sells out the Blue Note jazz club in Tokyo. Her roots and her reach are global. In

17、 looks and language, she couldnt be further from the pioneers who came more than a half century before.Yet Milman and others like her are redefining jazz by drawing on the American songbook. In his book The Jazz Singers, Scott Yannow argues that among 21st-century jazz vocalists, only “a few manage

18、to reinvest standards in new ways,” which is exactly what this new class is doing so well. Milmanwhos fluent in French, English, Russian, and Hebrewsings Cole Porters “Love for Sale” in a clear, valiant alto that booms down low and reaches effortlessly up high. Elisabeth Kontomanou, who is Greek and

19、 Guinean, insists on knowing the African-American roots of the music she plays. “Jazz is innovation, but with all the culture and the understanding of what has already been done,” she says. “If you dont look at that, you get a tasteless, odorless, and colorless music.” On her last CD, Brewin the Blu

20、es, she follows her own rules by revisiting less famous songs by jazz icons, such as Billie Holidays “Tell Me More and More (and Then Some).”Language has proved no barrier to these women, all sing in English. Virginie Teychene comes from the south of France but learned English with her father, who u

21、sed to show American Marines the French way of life. “French doesnt lend itself to jazz,” she says. “Words can often fall flat, as it is hard to sing in French on rhythm.” Teychene, who was named a “new revelation” at Frances Juan-les-Pins jazz festival last year, covers songs like “Take A Train” in

22、 her pure, low voice. Born and raised in Turin, the Italian chanteuse Roberta Gambarini recorded Swedish folk songs early in her career but has lately turned to the romantic era of American jazz. Her new record, “So in Love”, revolves around sweet renditions of tunes like “That Old Black Magic”a son

23、g Sarah Vaughan made famous in the 40s. “The bulk of good songs that allow you to improvise happen to largely be part of the Great American Songbook,” she says.Thats not to say that these vocalists arent pushing boundaries. Esperanza Spalding, who was born to a Welsh-Hispanic-Native American mother

24、and a black father and raised in the States, sings in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. When recording the 1930s standard “Body and Soul”, she renamed it “Cuerpoy Alma”, and pulled off a fiery Spanish rendition. “You always create something new even when you use vocabulary from the past.” she says.U

25、ltimately, this return to the roots of jazz has to do with authenticity and accessibility. “I like when people come to see me at the end of a concert, surprised that this is actually jazz and that they can enjoy it without really knowing the culture,” says Teychene. Yet if asked where the winding ro

26、ad of fame starts, these singers give a traditional answer. “If you live deep in the heart of China and you want to be a jazz musician, you still have to go to New York or New Orleans and play jazz,” says Kontomanou. Then you move to another country and share it with the world.21. Which of the follo

27、wing is true about Sophie Milman?22. What do the new jazz singers have in common?23. It can be inferred that Scott Yanows attitude towards the new jazz singers is _.24. What does the author mean by saying that those new jazz singers are “pushing boundaries” (Paragraph 4)?25. According to the last pa

28、ragraph, those popular new jazz singers attribute their success to _.问题1选项A.She has multicultural backgrounds.B.She is an emblematic jazz singer.C.She loves the music of Billie Holiday and Ella Fitzgerald.D.She creates the new jazz singer.问题2选项A.They all come from Europe.B.They resemble the pioneers

29、 of jazz music in looks and language.C.They all bring something new to jazz music.D.They dont like sing in languages other than English.问题3选项A.criticalB.positiveC.neutralD.negative问题4选项A.They sometimes dont stick to the traditional rendering of jazz music.B.They do not always sing in English.C.They

30、like to try different musical instrument when playing jazz.D.They would prefer to sing songs all created by themselves.问题5选项A.early exposure to American jazz cultureB.good command of English languageC.innovation and originalityD.travelling around world【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A【解析】21.推理判断题。根据第一段第

31、三、四、五句Today, a talented crop of cosmopolitan young singers are creating a new breed of jazz vocalist: the globalized chanteuse. They come from multicultural backgrounds, live all over the world, and are infusing the traditional American sound with new energy. Take todays rising star, 26-year-old Sop

32、hie Milman.（今天，一群才华横溢的国际化年轻歌手正在创造一种新爵士歌手：国际化的女歌手。她们来自多文化背景，生活在世界各地，为传统的美国音乐注入了新的活力。以今天的后起之秀，26岁的索菲米尔曼为例。），索菲米尔曼是全球化女歌手之一，所以A选项“她有多文化背景”正确；这一群女歌手开创了新爵士歌手，所以D选项“索菲米尔曼开创了新爵士歌手”错误。B选项“她是一位具有代表性的爵士歌手”：文中没有提到米尔曼在爵士乐的地位，故错误。C选项“她喜欢Billie Holiday和Ella Fitzgerald的音乐”：根据第二段最后一句she follows her own rules by rev

33、isiting less famous songs by jazz icons, such as Billie Holidays “Tell Me More and More (and Then Some).”（她遵循自己的原则，重温了爵士偶像们不太出名的歌曲，比如比莉哈乐黛的告诉我更多更多。），翻唱不代表喜欢听，故错误。因此A选项正确。22.事实细节题。根据第一段第三、四句new breed of jazz vocalist: the globalized chanteuse. They come from multicultural backgrounds, live all over t

34、he world, and are infusing the traditional American sound with new energy.（新爵士歌手：国际化女歌手。她们来自多文化背景，生活在世界各地，为传统的美国音乐注入了新的活力。），新爵士歌手为传统美国音乐注入新的活力，所以C选项“她们都给爵士乐带来了新的东西”正确；这里强调的是这些爵士歌手接触世界各地的文化，米尔曼就来自俄罗斯，所以A选项“她们都来自欧洲”错误；B选项“她们在外观和语言上类似于爵士音乐的先驱”：根据第一段最后一句In looks and language, she couldnt be further from

35、 the pioneers who came more than a half century before.（从外表和语言上看，她与半个多世纪前的先驱者相差无几。），这里指的是米尔曼和爵士乐先驱者差不多，而不是这些新爵士歌手，故错误。D选项“她们不喜欢用英语以外的语言唱歌”：根据第三段第一句Language has proved no barrier to these women, all sing in English.（已证实语言对这些女性没有任何障碍，她们都用英语唱歌。），这里指的是她们可以用英语唱歌，不代表不喜欢用其他语言唱歌，故错误。因此C选项正确。23.观点态度题。根据第二段第二

36、句Scott Yannow argues that among 21st-century jazz vocalists, only “a few manage to reinvest standards in new ways,” which is exactly what this new class is doing so well.（斯科特耶诺指出，在21世纪的爵士歌手中，只有“少数人设法以新的方式重新投资标准”，这正是这个新阶层做得如此出色的原因。），斯科特耶诺褒奖新爵士歌手，所以B选项“肯定的”正确。A选项“批判的”，C选项“中立的”和D选项“否定的”不符合题意，故错误。因此B选项正

37、确。24.语义推测题。根据第四段最后一句You always create something new even when you use vocabulary from the past.（即使你使用过去的词汇，你也总会创造出新的东西），可知这里的突破界限是对已有的东西再创造，所以A选项“她们不是一味按照爵士音乐的传统方式表演”正确，B选项“她们不全用英语唱歌”不是这里的重点，故错误。C选项“她们喜欢尝试用不同的乐器演奏爵士乐”和D选项“她们更喜欢唱自己创作的歌曲”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此A选项正确。25.推理判断题。根据第五段第一句Ultimately, this return to

38、the roots of jazz has to do with authenticity and accessibility.（归根结底，这种对爵士乐根源的回归与真实性和接受性有关。），可知新爵士歌手取得成功是因为对爵士乐本身的理解，所以A选项“早期接触美国爵士乐文化”正确。B选项“良好的英语语言能力”，C选项“创新和原创性”和D选项“周游世界”不是这里的重点，故错误。因此A选项正确。3. 单选题Not only _ much bigger than any planet, but unlike the planets, it consists completely of gaseous m

39、aterial.问题1选项A.the sun isB.the sun, which isC.is the sunD.that the sun【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：太阳不仅比任何行星都要大得多，而且不同的是，它完全由气体物质组成。根据题目和选项确定考查固定搭配not onlybut的部分倒装，not only放在句首的倒装结构为not only+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语+其他，C选项is the sun选项符合题意。因此C选项正确。4. 单选题If you can convince the interviewer of your special qualification

40、s, your chance of being accepted will be greatly enhanced.问题1选项A.appreciatedB.encouragedC.frustratedD.increased【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项appreciated“欣赏”；B选项encouraged“鼓励”；C选项frustrated“挫败”；D选项increased“增强，提高”。句意：如果你能让面试官相信你有所专长，那么你被录用的机会就会大大增加。根据语境，D选项increased“增强，提高”搭配chance比较合理，并且和enhanced“增强”同义，符合题意。因此D

41、选项正确。5. 单选题A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so called digital dividethe division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And the divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, howeve

42、r, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize accessafter all, t

43、he more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital

44、 divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we have ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet is not the only way to defeat poverty. And the internet is not the only to

45、ol we have; but it has enormous potential. To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished counties will have to get over their outdated and anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well stu

46、dy the history of infrastructure (the basic structure foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it did not have the capital to do so. And that is why Americas Second Wave infrastructureincluding roads, harbors, highways, ports, and so

47、 onwere built with foreign investment. The English, The Germans, The Dutch and the French were investing in Britains former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere els

48、e for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you are going to be. That does not mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mea

49、n recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures need to take full advantage of the Internet.17. Digital divide is something _.18. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it _.19. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify th

50、e policy of _.20. It seems that now a countrys economy depends much on _.问题1选项A.getting worse because of the InternetB.the rich countries are responsible forC.the world must guard againstD.considered positive today问题2选项A.offers economic potentialsB.can bring foreign fundsC.can soon wipe out world po

51、vertyD.connects people all over the world问题3选项A.providing financial support overseasB.preventing foreign capital controlC.building industrial infrastructureD.accepting foreign investment问题4选项A.how well developed it is electronicallyB.whether it is prejudiced against immigrantsC.whether it adopts Ame

52、ricans industrial patternD.how much control it has over foreign corporations【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A【解析】17.推理判断题。根据第一段第三句My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago.（20年前，我和妻子曾就这个逼近的危险发表过演讲。），可知数字鸿沟带来消极影响，应该受到重视，所以C选项“全世界必须防备的”正确，D选项“被视作积极”错误。A选项“因为互联网而变得更糟”：根据第二段第二句和第五句As the

53、internet becomes more and more commercializedI now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead.（随着国际互联网越来越商业化现在我认为，在未来几年，数字鸿沟将会缩小而不是扩大），可知数字鸿沟因为互联网而缩小，故错误。B选项“由发达国家造成的”：文中没有提到。因此C选项正确。18.事实细节题。根据第二段第三句More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behi

54、nd, want to spread internet access.（越来越多的政府担心自己的国家会落后，想要普及互联网接入。），可知互联网可以帮助发展国家经济，所以A选项“带来经济发展潜力”正确。B选项“可以将资金从国外流入”和D选项“连接世界各地的人”：不是互联网能为国家带来的重要作用，故错误。C选项“能快速消除世界贫困”：根据第二段最后一句because the internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we have ever had.（因为互联网很可能是对抗我们曾经拥有的

55、世界贫困的最强大的工具。），可知互联网不能快速消除贫困，故错误。因此A选项正确。19.事实细节题。根据第三段第四句Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structure foundations of a society) in the United States.（那些仍然认为外国投资是对其主权的侵犯的国家，最好研究一下美国基础设施（一个社会的基本结构基

56、础）的历史。），可知作者就外国投资的话题以美国为例，所以D选项“接受国外投资”正确。A选项“提供海外经济支持”，B选项“防止外国资本控制”和C选项“建设工业基础设施”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此D选项正确。20.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三句The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you are going to be.（你拥有越多的外国资本来帮助建

57、设第三次浪潮的基础设施，也就是现在的电子基础设施，你就会发展得越好。），可知电子基础设施在如今很大程度地影响发展，所以A选项“电子技术发展得多好”正确。B选项“是否对移民有偏见”，C选项“是否采用美国的工业模式”和D选项“它对外国公司有多少控制”：不是文章表达的重点，故错误。因此A选项正确。6. 单选题He will simply not listen to anybody; he is _ to argument.问题1选项A.imperceptibleB.imperviousC.impassableD.blunt【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项imperceptible“（小得）无

58、法察觉的”；B选项impervious“无动于衷的，不受影响的；不能渗透的”；C选项impassable“不能通行的（尤指因路况恶劣或被阻断）”；D选项blunt“直言的；不锋利的”。句意：任何人的话他都不听，他对争论_。根据语境，这里指他不受别人所说的话的影响，所以impervious“不受影响的”符合题意。因此B选项正确。7. 单选题We accept anybody regardless _ nationality.问题1选项A.toB.forC.ofD.in【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。B选项regardless for“尊重；考虑到”；C选项regardless of“不管，无论”

59、；A选项regardless to和D选项regardless in非固定搭配。句意：我们接受任何人，_国籍。根据语境，这里指接受每个国家的人，C选项regardless of“不管，无论”符合题意。因此C选项正确。8. 单选题People tend to _ how distinct their own lives are, so the commonality they enjoy with other people seem to them a series of small miracles.问题1选项A.denyB.overlookC.exaggerateD.ignore【答案】C【

60、解析】考查动词辨析。A选项deny“否定；拒绝承认”；B选项overlook“俯瞰；未注意到；（对不良现象等）视而不见”；C选项exaggerate“夸大，言过其实”；D选项ignore“无视，佯装未见”。句意：人们倾向于_自己的生活是如何独特，所以他们与他人的共性看起来是他们一系列的小小奇迹。根据语境，人们总觉得自己的生活很独特，所以看到和别人的共性时觉得简直就是奇迹，这里指人们夸大自己的独特性，所以exaggerate“夸大，言过其实”符合题意。因此C选项正确。9. 单选题They tried to drive their horse into the river, but he simp

61、ly could _ not.问题1选项A.budgeB.surgeC.trudgeD.dredge【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项budge“微微移动”；B选项surge“汹涌”；C选项trudge“跋涉；步履艰难地走”；D选项dredge“疏浚，挖掘”。句意：他们试图把他们的马赶到河里，但马就是不能_。根据语境，这里指马在那里不肯动，A选项budge“微微移动”符合题意。因此A选项正确。10. 单选题She says more than one _ dismissed from this company.问题1选项A.have beenB.should beC.has beenD.h

62、ad been【答案】B【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：她说这家公司应该解雇的不止一个人。more than one表示复数意义，但是使用单数形式，A选项have been错误。现在完成时是过去的动作或状态持续到现在，对现在造成的影响，可能持续发生下去，这里没有强调对现在造成影响，C选项has been错误。过去完成时表示过去某一时间前就已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件，这里也不是过去完成时，D选项had been错误。B选项should be在这里表示猜测，是一般现在时，符合题意。因此B选项正确。11. 单选题On

63、Jan.17, 1995, Kobe was hit by a 6.9-magnitude quake. The Great Hanshin Earthquake killed 6,400 people. Damage was estimated at more than $100 billion, similar to current estimates of the toll of last weeks 9.0-magnitude temblor in the Tohoku region of northern Japan. Yet, within 18 months, economic activity in Kobe had reached 98 percent of its pre-quake level. A state-of-the-art offshore port facility was built, housing was modernizedand a scruffy port city became an international showpiece.The March 11 earthquake and tsunami devastated a society that, for all it