2022军队文职人员招聘-军队文职英语言文学考试题库套卷42（含答案解析）

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1、2022军队文职人员招聘-军队文职英语言文学考试题库（含答案解析）1. 问答题：积极开展对外交往与合作，全方位外交取得重大进展，坚定地维护和发展了国家利益。我国同主要大国加强了对话，增进了信任，扩大了合作。中美关系稳定发展，中俄战略协作伙伴关系提高到新水平，中欧全面合作日益深化，中日关系得到改善，同周边国家睦邻友好关系进一步加强，区域合作取得新成果，同发展中国家的团结合作开创了新局面。成功举办一系列重大多边外交活动。妥善应对国际上各种新挑战，积极负责地参与解决全球性问题，在解决国际和地区热点问题上发挥着重要的建设性作用。答案： 本题解析：We actively promoted exchang

2、e and cooperation with other countries, made major progress in conducting diplomacy on all fronts, and resolutely safeguarded and developed Chinas interests. China stepped up dialogue with the major countries and increased trust and expanded cooperation with them. China-US relations developed steadi

3、ly, the China-Russia partnership of strategic coordination reached a new height, China-Europe cooperation in all areas went from strength to strength, and China-Japan relations improved. Good-neighborly relations with surrounding countries were further strengthened, further achievements were made in

4、 regional cooperation, and Chinas solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries entered a new stage. We successfully carried out a series of major multilateral diplomatic activities. We appropriately responded to new challenges in the international arena, actively and responsibly partic

5、ipated in efforts to resolve global issues, and played an important and constructive role in the resolution of issues concerning international and regional hotspots.2. 问答题：中国共产党第十七次全国代表大会，是在我国改革发展关键阶段召开的一次十分重要的大会。大会的主题是：高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，继续解放思想，坚持改革开放，推动科学发展，促进社会和谐，为夺取全

6、面建设小康社会新胜利而奋斗。中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，是当代中国发展进步的旗帜，是全党全国各族人民团结奋斗的旗帜。解放思想是发展中国特色社会主义的一大法宝，改革开放是发展中国特色社会主义的强大动力，科学发展、社会和谐是发展中国特色社会主义的基本要求，全面建设小康社会是党和国家到二。二。年的奋斗目标，是全国各族人民的根本利益所在。当今世界正在发生广泛而深刻的变化，当代中国正在发生广泛而深刻的变革。机遇前所未有，挑战也前所未有，机遇大于挑战。全党必须坚定不移地高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，带领人民从新的历史起点出发，抓住和用好重要战略机遇期，求真务实，锐意进取，继续全面建设小康社会、加快推进社会主

7、义现代化，完成时代赋予的崇高使命。答案： 本题解析：The Seventeenth Congress is one of vital importance being held at a crucial stage of Chinas reform and development. The theme of the congress is to hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the impo

8、rtant thought of Three Represents, thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development, continue to emancipate the mind, persist in reform and opening up, pursue development in a scientific way, promote social harmony, and strive for new victories in building a moderately prosperous society in al

9、l respects.The great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the banner guiding development and progress in contemporary China and rallying the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in the country in our common endeavor. Emancipating the mind is a magic instrument for developin

10、g socialism with Chinese characteristics, reform and opening up provide a strong driving force for developing it, and scientific development and social harmony are basic requirements for developing it. Building a moderately prosperous society in all respects is a goal for the Party and the state to

11、reach by 2020, and represents the fundamental interests of the people of all ethnic groups.The world today is undergoing extensive and profound changes, and contemporary China is going through a wide-ranging and deep-going transformation. This brings us unprecedented opportunities as well as unprece

12、dented challenges, with the former outweighing the latter. The whole Party must unswervingly hold high the great barmer of socialism with Chinese characteristics and lead the people in starting from this new historical point, grasping and making the most of the important period of strategic opportun

13、ities, staying realistic and pragmatic, forging ahead with determination, continuing to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects and accelerate socialist modernization, and accomplishing the lofty mission bestowed by the times.3. 问答题：环境保护是我国的基本国策，也是提高人民生活质量的重要条件。我们必须加强对耕地、水、树林、草原、矿产、海洋、

14、生物等资源的管理和保护，实行资源有偿使用制度，促进资源的节约与合理利用。我们要严格控制和治理污染，加快重点地区和重点流域污染的治理，公布大城市环境质量监测指标。我国人口众多，资源相对不足，经济规模越来越大，经济发展与资源和环境的矛盾日益突出，粗放型的经济增长方式难以为继。我们必须正确处理发展经济同人口、资源、环境的关系，合理开发和综合利用资源。我们要努力保护和改善生态环境，使经济发展既满足当代人的需要，又造福于子孙后代。答案： 本题解析：Environmental protection are Chinas basic state policies and vital to improving

15、 the quality of peoples lives. We must tighten control over and protection of arable land, water, forests, grasslands, and mineral, sea and biological resources. We should institute a system of paid use of natural resources to ensure economical and rational uses. We should strictly deal with and con

16、trol pollution and speed up pollution treatment in major regions and river valley. We should publish standards for monitoring environmental quality in large cities.A country with a large population, relative insufficiency of natural resources and an expanding economy, China suffers an increasingly s

17、ignificant disparity between economic development on the one hand and natural resources and the environment on the other. It poses problems if we continue to maintain a merely quantitative and crude mode of development in our economic growth. We, therefore, must correctly handle the relationships be

18、tween economic development on the one hand, and population growth, natural resources consumption and the environmental protection on the other. We should exploit our natural resources more rationally and make use of them in an integrated manner. We should do our best to protect and improve our ecolo

19、gical environment, so as to ensure that our economic development will not only meet the current needs of this generation, but benefit future generations.4. 问答题：人类利用风能的历史可以追溯到公元前，但数千年来，风能技术发展缓慢，没有引起人们足够的重视。但自1973年世界石油危机以来，在常规能源告急和全球生态环境恶化的双重压力下，风能作为新能源的一部分才重新有了长足的发展。风能作为一种无污染和可再生的新能源有着巨大的发展潜力，特别是对沿海岛

20、屿、交通不便的边远山区、地广人稀的草原牧场，以及远离电网和近期内电网还难以达到的农村、边疆，作为解决生产和生活能源的一种可靠途径，有着十分重要的意义。即使在发达国家，风能作为一种高效清洁的新能源也日益受到重视。我国位于亚洲大陆东南，濒临太平洋西岸，季风强盛。全国风力资源的总储量为每年16亿千瓦，近期可开发的约为1.6亿千瓦，内蒙古、青海、黑龙江、甘肃等省风能储量居我国前列。答案： 本题解析：Mankinds use of wind energy can be traced back to the time before Jesus Christ was born. But the techno

21、logy of using wind energy developed very slowly and people have not attached enough importance to it. However, since the world oil crisis in 1973 and under the double pressure of near exhaustion of conventional energy resources and the deterioration of the global ecosystem, the technology of the use

22、 of wind energy has undergone remarkable development. As a kind of non-pollution and regenerative energy resource, wind energy has great potential for further development, and is of special significance as a surest route to solve energy problems for life and production in coastal islands, remote mou

23、ntainous areas with inconvenient transportation, sparsely populated pastureland, and other rural areas and border regions far from electric networks or where electric network will not reach in the near future. It is assuming greater significance even in developed countries as a new clean and highly

24、efficient energy resource.China is situated in the southeast of the Asian continent, facing the Pacific Ocean to her east, where the monsoon is very strong. The total annual reserves of wind energy of the country is as high as 1.6 billion kw, of which 160 million kw can be developed in the near futu

25、re, and that in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, Heilongjiang Province, and Gansu Province ranks top among Chinas provinces.5. 问答题：你知道白蚁之害吗？一座大厦如果有了白蚁，不加防治，不到十年时间，里面的地板壁板，都会蛀蚀一空。一般的房屋受了严重的蚁害，有的还会突然倒塌下来，伤了性命。电杆被白蚁蛀蚀，一般两三年就要换一次。船只有了白蚁，轻的会将货物蛀烂，重的会使船沉没。铁路枕木如果受白蚁侵蚀，火车就有出轨的危险。白蚁这种害

26、虫，实在是相当可恶的。在我们的社会里，则有另一种“白蚁”。前些日子报载吉林省外贸局副局长王震利用职权，大慷国家之慨，吃喝玩乐，请客送礼，浪费惊人，不也是一种“白蚁”之害吗？答案： 本题解析：Do you know how destructive termites are? Suppose a tall building is infested with termites and nothing is done about it, the floor and the wooden paneling inside it will have been eaten in less than ten y

27、ears. If seriously affected, houses of the ordinary kind might suddenly crumble, causing loss of lives. Termite-eaten electric posts should, as a rule, be replaced every two or three years. Termite-ridden ships will find their cargo eaten and those seriously affected might sink. Trains running on te

28、rmite-eaten sleepers are running the risk of going off the rails. What a curse termites are! “Termites” of a different kind exist in our society. According to recent press reports, Wang Zhen, the ex-deputy head of Foreign Trade Bureau of Jilin Province abused his powers and wasted a horrifying amoun

29、t of public property. Generous at the expense of the state, he wined and dined, held dinner parties, gave gifts, and sought all other kinds of pleasures. Arent such people “termites” too?6. 问答题：中国的春节在农历一月一日，是新一年的开始。这是举家团圆的时刻。一般说来，在春节前几天，只要有可能的话，多数人无论身处何地都会回家。就像圣诞节一样，人们会买很多东西如食品、礼物、衣服和烟花爆竹给孩子们。在除夕之夜，

30、多数农村家庭仍然保持着一些传统习俗，如在两扇门上都贴上门神和春联。他们把“福”字倒贴在墙上和家具的门上，意思是“福到了”。除夕之夜的年夜饭是必不可少的程序。全家人围坐着一张桌子一同分享佳肴，人多的话兴许不止一张桌子。家人还会为没能赶回家的亲人留些座位，仿佛他们也在一起吃似的。年夜饭过后，大家会坐在一起，观看中央电视台的春节特别节目，等待，新年的到来。午夜将近时，特别节目也接近尾声，这时家家户户都到户外去放鞭炮。据说这样可以驱妖除魔。新年的早饭是很特别的，北方人吃饺子，南方人吃糯米饭团。走亲访友从新年的第一天就开始了，俗称“拜年”。每到这时，孩子们是最开心的，因为他们可以从长辈那里拿到压岁钱，据

31、说压岁钱能带给他们好运。新年第五天，人们祭拜财神，送走新年。春节就结束了。答案： 本题解析：According to the Chinese lunar calendar, the Spring Festival falls on the first day of the first month, which marks the beginning of a new year. It is a time for family reunion. In most cases, just a few days before the festival, if possible, most of the

32、 family members come home, no matter where they are. And like the Christmas season, people buy a lot of things: food, gifts, clothing and fireworks for children. On the New Years eve, most of the families in the countryside still keep the customs of pasting paintings of door gods on the two doors an

33、d couplets on either side of the doors. They put the Chinese character meaning “happiness” upside down and paste it on walls and doors of the furniture to mean “happiness has come.” Feast dinner is a must for the whole family on the New Years eve, when all the family members sit at one or more table

34、s. Dinner seats will be arranged for the absent members as if they were also joining the dinner. After dinner, they sit together waiting for the coming of the New Year, usually by watching the CCTV special program for Spring Festival. At midnight when it is near the end of the program, every family

35、goes out to set off firecrackers, which is said to drive evils away. Breakfast for the New Years Day is special,?Jiaozi?for those in North China and small glutinous rice balls for the southerners. Visits are exchanged to relatives and friends from the New Years Day on, which is called “Bainian”. Chi

36、ldren are the happiest ones because they can get lucky money from their seniors. The money is believed to bring good luck to them. On the fifth day, people celebrate the end of the Festival by worshipping the Fortune God.7. 问答题：如买方所订船只到达装港后，卖方不能按买方所通知的时间如期装船时，则空舱费及滞期费等一切费用和后果均由卖方负担。如船只因临时撤换、延期或退关等情况

37、而未能及时通知卖方停止发货者，在装港发生的栈租及保险费损失的计算，应以代理通知之装船日期(如货物晚于船代理通知之装船日期抵达装港，应以货物抵港日期)为准，在港口免费堆存期满后第16天起应由买方负担，除人力不可抗拒的情况外。但卖方仍负有载货船只到达装港后立即将货物装船之义务并担负费用及风险。前述各有关费用均凭原始单据核实支付。答案： 本题解析：Should the Sellers fail to load the goods within the time as notified by the Buyers, on board the vessel booked by the Buyers af

38、ter its arrival at the port of shipment, all expenses such as dead freight, demurrage, etc., and consequences thereof shall be borne by the Sellers. Should the vessel be withdrawn or replaced or delayed eventually or the cargo be shut out etc., and the Sellers are not informed in good time to stop d

39、elivery, the calculation of loss for storage expenses and insurance premium thus sustained at the loading port shall be based on the loading date notified by the agent to the Sellers (or based on the date of the arrival of the cargo at the loading port in case the cargo should arrive there later tha

40、n the notified loading date). The above-mentioned loss to be calculated from the 16th day after expiry of the free storage time at port shall be borne by the Buyers with the exception of Force Majeure. However, the Sellers shall undertake to load the cargo immediately upon the carrying vessels arriv

41、al at the loading port at their own risks and expenses. The payment of the aforesaid expenses shall be effected against presentation of the original vouchers after being checked.8. 问答题：今日发布的一项调查显示，三分之二的英国民众担心英国将遭遇新一轮经济衰退。与此同时，调查还揭示，英国被评为欧洲第二大不适合居住的国家。85%的人认为，欧元区危机已经危及英国经济，而一项新报告指出，在本次经济动荡发生之前，英国经济就已

42、经在减速了。GcomRes的调查显示，超过半数（59%）的英国人正在削减开支，以应对可能到来的新一轮经济衰退。近四分之三的英国人称，他们担心新一轮经济衰退会给自己和自己的家庭带来严重的冲击，只有13%的人说他们认为自己不会受到影响。不过，不到五分之一（18%）的人认为，如果有助于避免新一轮经济衰退，英国就应该拿出更多钱，帮助解决欧元区的金融危机。这项涵盖了2000多人的调查显示，77%的人认为这次危机证明英国不加入欧元区是正确的，另外有数量相近的人的认为欧洲的政治领导人在处理欧元区的债务危机上很失败。另一项由智囊力Demos撰写的题为“良性增长”的研究报告指出，英国是欧洲最不适宜居住的地方之一

43、。这一研究报告称，从健康、住房和就业市场等多种因素来看，全欧洲只有西班牙比英国更不适宜居住。该研究称，最适宜居住的地方是挪威、德国和荷兰。经济合作与发展组织的研究发现将进一步加剧人们对英国新一轮经济衰退的担心。这一受敬重的智囊团说，英国经济增速放缓已经持续了至少七个月。英国不是唯一一个经济前景惨淡的国家，七国集团的所有其他工业国也同样面临经济减速的困境。不过，英国经济在希腊陷入债务危机之前就已经开始停滞不前了，这一事实削弱了英国政府所持的欧元区造成英国经济颓势的论点。答案： 本题解析：Two thirds of the British public fear that the UK is he

44、ading for another recession, a survey showed today. The news came as it was revealed that Britain has been rated the second worst country in Europe to live in.And while 85 percent of people say that the eurozone crisis has endangered the UK economy, a new report suggests that Britains economic slowd

45、own predated the recent turmoil.More than half59 percentof Britons are cutting back on spending in anticipation of another recession, according to a ComRes poll.Almost three quarters said they were worried that another recession would have a severe impact on them and their family, while just 13 perc

46、ent said they would not expect to be affected.But fewer than one in five18 percentbelieve Britain should contribute more money to help solve the eurozones financial crisis, if it would help avoid another recession.The survey of more than 2,000 people showed that 77 percent believe the crisis proved

47、the UK was right to stay out of the eurozone, and about the same number think the eurozone debt crisis has been badly managed by Europes political leaders.Another study, a report by think-tank Demos entitled Good Growth, suggests that Britain is one of the worst places to live in Europe.Judging by f

48、actors such as health, housing and the job market, the report said that only Spain was a less desirable home than the UK. The best places to live are Norway, Germany and the Netherlands, said the study.Fears of another British recession will be reinforced by findings from the OECD, a respected think

49、-tank, which say that the UK economy has been slowing for at least seven months.Britain is not the only country facing a worse economic outlook, as all of the other G7 industrial nations are suffering from a similar slowdown.But the fact that the UKs economy has been sluggish since before Greece sta

50、rted heading for default undermines the Governments argument that Britains poor performance is the fault of the eurozone.9. 问答题：近年来，中国汽车保有量年平均增长达15%左右。汽车总量剧增，大量排放有害气体，成为危害国人身心健康的“无形杀手”。据统计，在全国总死亡人数中，呼吸系统疾病占22.64%，居死亡人数第一位，这与大气的污染有直接关系。专家分析，城市大气污染70%以上来自汽车尾气排放。北京大气中74%的碳氢化合物、63%的一氧化碳和37%的氮氧化物均来自汽车尾气。

51、专家还指出，中国汽车尾气污染的根本源头是现代汽车工业技术水平低下，新车质量不高，能源消耗高。中国汽车设计与制造技术水平大多尚停留在国际60年代水平。大多数汽车装配492型发动机，整体性能差，电子喷射技术差，汽油燃烧不充分，机内净化问题没有解决好，没有严格的新车尾气排放标准。汽车尾气污染城市环境问题已引起国家有关部门及民众的高度重视，一些治理措施正在逐步有效地展开。国务院规定，中国将在2000年完全禁止生产、销售和使用含铅汽油。答案： 本题解析：Over the past few years, the number of motor vehicles on Chinese roads has r

52、isen on average by some 15 percent annually. This drastic increase has created a large amount of exhaust pollution, forming an “invisible killer” menacing the health of the general public. Respiratory disease is the top cause of death in China, accounting for 22.64 percent, and this has been directl

53、y blamed on atmospheric pollution. The result of an official analysis indicates that over 70 percent of air pollution in urban areas is created by vehicle exhaust. In Beijing, for example, 74 percent of the carbon and hydrogen compound, 63 percent of carbon monoxide and 37 percent of nitrogen oxide

54、compound in the air come from vehicle exhaust.Some experts believe the basic reason is a lack of technological advances in Chinas auto industry, resulting in the low quality and high energy consumption level of new models. Chinas auto design and manufacturing technology remain at the international l

55、evel of the 1960s. Most vehicles are equipped with the standard No. 492 engine, featuring poor properties, outdated electronic ignition technology and insufficient burning of fuel. This negatively affects the purification system, preventing proper emission control. Pollution caused by vehicle exhaus

56、ts has claimed wide attention from both the general public and the government. As a result, a series of effective improvement measures have been put into effect. The State Council has issued stipulations on completely banning the production, marketing and use of leaded gasoline by 2000.10. 问答题：晚年的乔羽

57、喜爱垂钓，他说：“有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。”钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。乔羽说：“钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。”答案： 本题解析：Qiao Yu liked fishing in his late years. He said: “Mostly speaking, a place with water and fish is nec

58、essarily blessed with a nice setting, which in return keeps people in good mood. The best places for fishing, it seems to me, are not those commercial fishing centers which provide you with all the conveniences and where fish are kept hungry for ready capture, but attractive natural water bodies in

59、out-of-the-way places.” Fishing is an outdoor sport that can help cultivate your mind and it is good for our mental and physical health. Qiao Yu claimed: “There are three states for fishing. The first state is for fish only. The second one is both for fish and for the pleasure of fishing. The third one is just for the pleasure of fishing. When facing a pool of green water; you forget all your worries and annoyance and enjoy a good rest, both mentally and physically.”