2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考试题库及模拟押密卷49（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题If you want to teach your children how to say sorry you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky.If you say to your children “Im sorry I got angry with you, but.” what follows that “but” can ren

2、der the apology ineffective: “I had a bad day.” or “your noise was giving me a headache” leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say “I

3、m sorry youre upset”; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the p

4、erson who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying “Im useless as a parent” does not commit a person to any specific improvement.These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a

5、sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies.But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he d

6、oes, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old boy might need reminding that spoiling other childrens expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, b

7、ut that borrowing a parents clothes without permission is not.1.If a mother adds “but” to an apology, （ ）.2.According to the author, saying “Im sorry youre upset” most probably means “ （ ）”.3.It is not advisable to use the general, all-covering apology because（ ）.4.We learn from the last paragraph t

8、hat in teaching children to say sorry（ ）.5.It can be inferred from the passage that apologizing properly is（ ）.问题1选项A.she doesnt feel that she should have apologizedB.she does not realize that the child has been hurtC.the child may find the apology easier to acceptD.the child may feel that he owes h

9、er an apology问题2选项A.You have good reason to get upsetB.Im aware youre upset but Im not to blameC.I apologize for hurting your feelingsD.Im at fault for making you upset问题3选项A.is gets one into the habit of making empty promisesB.it may make the other person feel guiltyC.it is vague and ineffectiveD.i

10、t is hurtful and insulting问题4选项A.the complexities involved should be ignoredB.their ages should be taken into accountC.parents need to set them a good exampleD.parents should be patient and tolerant问题5选项A.a social issue calling for immediate attentionB.not necessary among family membersC.a sign of s

11、ocial progressD.not as simple as it seems【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:判断推理题。根据第二段的内容“but can render the apology ineffective.leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.”“但是”这个词会让道歉不起作用.这让受伤害的人觉得他应该为自己的错误行为道歉，而不是期待别

12、人的道歉。根据题干意思，如果一位母亲在道歉之后加上“but”这个词， 。选项A和B均无法在原文中找到对应信息；选项C错误，这种道歉方式会让道歉无效，所以孩子并不会觉得容易接受；只有选项D“孩子可能觉得他应该向母亲道歉”符合原文，所以正确。第2题:判断推理题。根据关键句“Im sorry youre upset.”定位到第三段最后一句“this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.”这表明你允许自己因为别人的所作所为感

13、到沮丧，自己多少也有错。潜在意思就是说，我知道你很难过，但这不应该怪我。选项B符合原文。第3题:判断推理题。根据第四段的内容“其次是笼统的一般性的道歉，它避免点明特别伤害或侮辱他人的具体行为，而且道歉的人应该承诺永远不再这样做。说“作为父母我很没用”并不能让一个人有任何具体的进步。”由此可推断，笼统的道歉并不能让一个人有任何具体的进步，所以它是无效的；而且是笼统的道歉，也就是模糊的，所以本题选C。第4题:细节事实题。根据最后一段首句“But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need

14、help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry.”即使孩子们看到了真诚悔悟的例子，他们仍然需要一些帮助来意识到道歉的复杂性。选项A与原文不符，所以错误；选项C太过于片面，帮助不一定来自于父母，不能只考虑这一种因素，所以选项C也错误；选项D在文中没有提及。根据下文具体的内容可知，作者是根据孩子的年龄来具体举例的，所以选项B“孩子的年龄应该被考虑进去”符合原文。第5题:判断推理题。结合原文内容可知，本文主要讲的是父母应该如何更好的道歉以便能够教会自己的孩子道歉。不涉及社会问题，所以选项A和C范围过于宽泛，不恰当；选项B很明显不符合原

15、文；选项D“道歉并不像看起来的那么简单”符合原文，文章列举了几种道歉的表达方法并且提及道歉具有复杂性，所以选项D正确。2. 单选题What she achieved in her research might （ ）what she had been expecting.问题1选项A.exceedB.exclaimC.excessD.extend【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。exceed“超过，胜过”；exclaim“大声说出”；excess “超过”，名词；extend“延伸，扩大”。句意：她在研究中的收获可能超过她的预期。选项A符合题意。3. 单选题Although we tried

16、 to concentrate on the lecture, we were （ ）by the noise from the next room.问题1选项A.displacedB.distractedC.dispersedD.discarded【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。displace “取代”；distract “分心”；disperse “分散，传播”；discard “丢弃”。句意：尽管我们尽力将精力集中在讲座上，但注意力还是被隔壁房间的噪声给分散了。选项B符合题意。4. 单选题The bed has been （ ）in the family. It was my gr

17、eat-grandmothers originally.问题1选项A.handed outB.handed overC.handed downD.handed round【答案】C【解析】词组辨析题。hand out分发，施舍；hand over上交，移交；hand down宣布；流传下来；hand round分发，传递。句意：这张床是我们家流传下来的。它原本是我曾祖母的。选项C更符合语境。5. 单选题I feel that his subject gains a lot from the attractive （ ）of the matter.问题1选项A.presentationB.pre

18、parationC.preferenceD.potential【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。presentation “展示，陈述”；preparation “预备，准备”；preference “偏爱，倾向，优先权”；potential “潜能，可能性”。句意：我觉得他的话题从他对问题吸引人的陈述方式中获益很多。选项A符合题意。6. 单选题In some ways, the Unites States has made spectacular progress. Fires no longer destroy 18.000 buildings as they did in the Gr

19、eat Chicago Fire of 1871, or kill half a town of 2,400 people, as they did the same night in Peshtigo, Wisconsin. Other than the Beverly Hill Supper Club fire in Kentucky in 1977, it has been four decades since more than 100 Americans dies in a fire.But even with such successes the United States sti

20、ll has one of the worst fire death rates in the world. Safety experts say the problem is neither money nor technology, but the indifference of a country that just will not take fires seriously enough.American fire departments are some of the worlds fastest and best equipped. They have to be. The Uni

21、ted States has twice Japans population, and 40 times as many fires. It spends far less on preventing fires than on fighting them. And American fire-safety lessons are aimed almost entirely at children, who die in disproportionately large numbers in fires but who, contrary to popular myth, start very

22、 few of them.Experts say the fatal error is an attitude that fires are not really anyones fault. That is not so in other countries, where both public education and the law treat fires as either a personal failing or a crime. Japan has many wood houses; of the estimated 48 fires in world history, tha

23、t burned more than 10,000 buildings, Japan has had 27 Penalties for causing a severe fire by negligence can be as high as life imprisonment.In the United States, most education dollars are spent in elementary school. But the lessons are aimed at a too limited audience; just 9 percent of all fire dea

24、ths are caused by children playing with matches.The Unites States continues to rely more on technology than laws or social pressure. There are smoke detectors in 85 percent of all homes. Some local buildings codes now require home sprinklers. New heaters and irons shut themselves off if they are tip

25、ped.1.The reason why so many Americans die in fires is that （ ）.2.Although the fire death rate has declined the United States（ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that（ ）.4.What aspects of fire safety and prevention should the United States learn from Japan?5.To narrow the gap between the fire d

26、eath rate in the United States and in other countries, the author suggests（ ）.问题1选项A.they took no interest in new technologyB.they didnt attach great importance to preventing firesC.they showed indifference to fighting firesD.they didnt spend enough money on fire facilities问题2选项A.still has the worst

27、 fire death rate in the world.B.is still alert to the fire problemC.is still training a large number of safety expertsD.is still confronted with the serious fire problem问题3选项A.fire safety lessons should be aimed at American adultsB.American children have not received enough education of fire safety

28、lessonsC.Japan is better equipped with fire facilities than the Unites StalesD.Americas large population accounts for high fire frequency问题4选项A.Architecture and building materialsB.Education and technologyC.Laws and attitudeD.All of the above问题5选项A.developing new technologyB.counting more on laws an

29、d social pressureC.placing a fire extinguisher in every familyD.reinforcing the safeness of household appliances【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由文章第二段中的Safety experts say the problem is neither money nor technology, but the indifference of a country that just will not take fires seriously

30、 enough.（安全专家说，问题既不是金钱，也不是技术，而是一个对火灾不够重视的国家的冷漠）和第三段中的It spends far less on preventing fires than on fighting them.（它在预防火灾方面比在灭火中花费的要少得多）可知美国火灾多的原因是他们不够重视预防火灾，因此选B。第2题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中的But even with such successes the United States still has one of the worst fire death rates in the world.（但即使如此成功，美国仍然是世

31、界上火灾死亡率最高的国家之一）可知D选项“仍然面临着严重的火灾问题”符合题意。第3题:推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的In the United States, most education dollars are spent in elementary school. But the lessons are aimed at a too limited audience; just 9 percent of all fire deaths are caused by children playing with matches.（在美国，大部分教育费用都花在小学上。但是，这些课程的目标受众太少

32、，只有9%的火灾死亡是由玩火柴的儿童造成的）可知A选项“消防安全课程应针对美国成年人”符合题意。第4题:推理判断题。由文章第四段中的Experts say the fatal error is an attitude that fires are not really anyones fault. That is not so in other countries, where both public education and the law treat fires as either a personal failing or a crime.Japan has had 27 Penalt

33、ies for causing a severe fire by negligence can be as high as life imprisonment.（专家说，致命的错误是一种态度，即火灾不是任何人的过错。在其他国家情况并非如此，在这些国家，公共教育和法律都将火灾视为个人过失或犯罪日本已经有27项因过失引起严重火灾的处罚，最高可达无期徒刑）可知C选项“法律和态度”符合题意。第5题:细节事实题。通读全文，可知作者对文章最后一段中的The Unites States continues to rely more on technology than laws or social pres

34、sure.（美国继续更多地依赖技术，而不是法律或社会压力）这种“不依靠法律或社会压力”的观点是不赞成，认为需要依靠法律和社会压力来减少美国火灾的发生，因此选B。7. 单选题A Korean manufacturer has （ ） us a price ten percent lower than yours.问题1选项A.referredB.offeredC.gaveD.told【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。refer “涉及”；offer “提供”；give “给予”；tell “告诉”。句意：韩国生产商的出价比你们的低。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题After all, the fo

35、od crisis is over and the wood will （ ） its long-term upward trend in agriculture production.问题1选项A.resumeB.renewC.recoverD.restore【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。resume “重新开始，继续”；renew “更新”；recover “恢复”；restore “恢复，还原”。句意：毕竟粮食危机已经解除，木材将继续它在农业产品中的上涨趋势。选项A符合题意。9. 单选题Brazils constitution（ ）the military use of nucle

36、ar energy.问题1选项A.WithdrawsB.objectsC.interruptsD.forbids【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。withdraw“撤销，收回，撤退”；object“反对，拒绝”； Interrupt “中断”； forbid “禁止”。句意：巴西宪法规定禁止军队使用核能。选项D符合题意。10. 单选题A computer file is a collection of （ ）data, used to organize the storage and processing of data by computer.问题1选项A.electricalB.arti

37、ficialC.electronicD.genuine【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。electrical有关电的；artificial人造的；electronic电子的；genuine真实的，诚恳的。句意：计算机文件是电子数据的集合，用来组织计算机对数据的存储和处理。这里指电子数据，所以选项C正确。11. 单选题His memory seems to （ ）with age. There are a lot of things he couldnt remember clearly.问题1选项A.lessenB.diminishC.decreaseD.reduce【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨

38、析。四个选项都可以表示“减少”。lessen指数目、程度、价值、实力等的减少；diminish指某事物对照原本基础上数量或质量少了很多；decrease指各种事物逐渐减少、逐渐衰弱的过程；reduce指缩小事物的范围、强度、数量等，也可指级别、地位或经济条件的降低。此处表示他的记忆力随着年龄的增长而减弱，记忆力变得比原来差，因此选B。句意：他的记忆力似乎随着年龄的增长而减弱，有很多事情他记不清了。12. 单选题Since the two countries couldnt （ ） their differences, they decided to declare war on each ot

39、her.问题1选项A.resignB.renewC.recoverD.restore【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。resign “辞职，放弃”；renew “更新”；recover “恢复”；restore “恢复，还原”。句意：由于两国不能放弃他们的不同之处，他们决定相互宣战。选项A符合题意。13. 单选题A firm might sometimes sell at a loss to drive a competitor out of business, and （ ）increase its market power.问题1选项A.thereforeB.therebyC.hence

40、D.further【答案】B【解析】副词辨析题。therefore因此，所以；thereby从而，因此；hence因此，今后；further而且。句意：公司有时可能会亏本出售将竞争对手挤出市场，从而提高其市场权力。选项B更符合语境。14. 单选题The survey found 80 percent of viewers were （ ）by the violent scenes in the film.问题1选项A.damagedB.alertedC.offendedD.discouraged【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。damage损害；alert警惕；offend冒犯；discourag

41、e阻止，使气馁。句意：调查发现，80%的观众会被电影中的暴力镜头所触怒。be offended by意为“被.触怒”，选项C符合句意。15. 单选题I will hold you personally （ ）if anything goes wrong in this project.问题1选项A.destructiveB.liableC.diverseD.responsible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。destructive意为“破坏性的”；liable意为“（法律上）负有偿付责任，可能（做某事）”，指在不履行债务等时应负法律责任或受罚；diverse意为“不同的，多种多样的”；re

42、sponsible意为“负责的，可靠的，有责任的”，指能熟练而出色地履行职责或完成任务，或在出差错而对其原因有争执时承担过失。句意：假如这个项目出了任何问题，我将追究你个人的责任。16. 翻译题Arnold Toynbee说过，一切进步，一切发展均来自于挑战及由此引起的反应。没有挑战就没有反应，没有发展，没有自由。所以，我们首先应该在我们的孩子的能力所允许的范围内为他们开设要求最严格，最富有挑战性的课程。我们可以向我们的孩子提供的第二个机会是允许他们有失败的权利。如果没有人可以失败，那它算什么考验，算什么自由呢？我们现在生活在一个越来越小的世界里，我们必须对现实保持清醒的认识；而现实主义要求树

43、立一个要么成功要么失败的标准。这些话听起来很刺耳，但都是残酷的事实。如果我们剥夺孩子失败的权利，实际上我们就剥夺了他们如实地认识世界的机会。【答案】Arnold Toynbee has said that all progress, all development come from challenge and a consequent response. Without challenge there is no response, no development, no freedom. So first we owe to our children the most demanding,

44、challenging curriculum that is within their capabilities.The second opportunity we can give our boys and girls is the right to failure. What kind of a test is it, what kind of freedom where no one can fail? We live in a narrowed world where we must be alert, awake to realism; and realism demands a s

45、tandard which either must be met or result in failure. These are hard words, but they are brutally true. If we deprive our children of the right to fail we deprive them of their knowledge of the world as it is.17. 单选题He was proud of being chosen to participate in the game and he （ ）us that he would

46、try as hard as possible.问题1选项A.insuredB.guaranteedC.assumedD.assured【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。insure确保，投保；guarantee保证，担保，一般指对事物的品质或人的行为作出“担保”；assume假定，设想；assure保证，担保，使确信，一般指：使人对某事感到肯定或放心。句意：被选中参加比赛让他感到很自豪，并向我们保证他会尽他最大的努力。选项D更符合语境。18. 单选题Government today plays an increasingly larger role in the （ ）of welfare, e

47、conomics,and education.问题1选项A.scopesB.rangesC.ranksD.domains【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。scope “范围，眼界，视野”；range “范围；幅度”；rank“级别，等级”；domain “领域，域，域名”。句意：现在政府在很多领域扮演着重要的角色，比如福利、经济和教育等。选项D符合题意。19. 单选题Henrys news report covering the conference was so （ ）that nothing had been omitted.问题1选项A.understandingB.comprehen

48、sibleC.comprehensiveD.understandable【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。understanding “理解”；comprehensible “可理解的”；comprehensive “综合的；广泛的”；understandable “可以理解的”。句意：亨利的新闻报道非常详尽，几乎没有遗漏。选项C符合题意。20. 单选题The offer of a free overseas tour （ ）him into buying the villa on the hillside.问题1选项A.discouragedB.committedC.temptedD.tangled【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。discourage阻止，使气馁；commit犯错，委托；tempt诱惑，引起；tangle使纠缠。句意：因为提供免费的境外旅游诱使他买下了山坡上的别墅。选项C更符合语境。