2022年考博英语-天津师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷20（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-天津师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题I was （ ）to study French yesterday, but I changed my mind.问题1选项A.to be startingB.to startC.to have startedD.to have been starting【答案】C【解析】考查时态。was/were to have done表示“过去计划打算做某事，结果却没做”，was/were to do表示“过去计划做某事”。由but后面的内容可知此处表示“过去打算做而未做的事”，因此选C。2. 翻译题Read the fol

2、lowing text carefully and then translate it into Chinese.The United Kingdom has an extraordinarily rich and diverse artistic heritage, with British poets, playwrights, musicians, sculptors, painters and filmmakers enjoyed and admired all over the world.The United Kingdoms contributions to the visual

3、 arts are immense and then there are many traces to be found around the country, from striking architecture to paintings, ceramics and sculptures which can be easily found in our many art galleries and museums.The performing arts are thriving as well. Music, theatre, filmmaking, dance and opera are

4、all performed enthusiastically in theatres, concert halls and studios all over the country every night of the year.The richness of our cultural life is largely down to our diverse history, for many hundreds of years different races and cultures have had an influence on the United Kingdom and have co

5、nsequently played a role in creating the society we live in today.【答案】英国有着及其丰富多样的艺术遗产，受人喜爱和尊敬英国诗人、剧作家、音乐家、雕塑家、画家和电影制作人遍布世界各地。英国对视觉艺术的贡献是巨大的，在全国各地有许多踪迹可寻，从引人注目的建筑到绘画、陶瓷和雕塑，在我们的许多美术馆和博物馆都很容易找到。表演艺术也蓬勃发展。音乐、戏剧、电影制作、舞蹈和歌剧每晚都在全国各地的剧院、音乐厅和摄影棚中激情地演出。我们文化生活的丰富性在很大程度上取决于我们多元的历史。数百年来，不同的种族和文化对英国产生了影响，并因此在创造我们

6、今天生活的社会中发挥了作用。3. 单选题They（ ）the enemys telegram and were able to win famous victory.问题1选项A.discernedB.decodedC.positedD.understood【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。discern意为“觉察出，识别”；decode意为“解(码)，破译(尤指密码)”；posit意为“假定，设想”；understand意为“理解”。句意：他们破解了敌人的电报，并赢得了著名的胜利。4. 单选题Fortune tellers are good at making （ ）statements su

7、ch as “Your sorrows will change”.问题1选项A.philosophicalB.literalC.ambiguousD.invalid【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。philosophical意为“哲学上的”；literal意为“字面的”；ambiguous意为“含糊的，不明确的”；invalid意为“无效的”。句意：算命先生擅长发表诸如“你的悲伤会改变”这样的模糊的陈述。5. 单选题The heat in summer is no less （ ）here in this mountain region.问题1选项A.concentratedB.extensi

8、veC.intenseD.intensive【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。concentrated意为“集中的”；extensive意为“广泛的”；intense意为“激烈的，强烈的，非常的”；intensive意为“加强的，集中的”。句意：这个山区夏天的酷热也同样强烈。6. 单选题Crippling health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that pati

9、ents face daily.Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician.A recent

10、study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries. The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctors -two primary care physicians and five specialists-in a given year. Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you dont guarantee

11、 better care. Actually, increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors.How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does. Regardless of qua

12、lity or outcome, the better hes reimbursed. Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures. A specialists who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a pa

13、tients disease. Combine this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately cut reimbursements，physicians are faces with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income.Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices, f

14、urther contributing to the decline of primary care.Medical students are not blind to this scenario. They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care. The recent numbers show that since 1997, newly graduated U.S medical students who choose primary care as a career have decl

15、ined by 50%. This trend results in emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without regular doctors.How do we fix this problem?It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for

16、 optimally managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. Make primary care more attractive to medical students by forgiving student loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries.Were

17、at a point where primary care is needed more than ever. Within a few years, the first wave of the 76 million Baby Boomers will become eligible for Medicare. Patients older than 85, who need chronic care most, will rise by 50% this decade.Who will be there to treat them?1.The authors chief concern ab

18、out the current U.S health care system is（ ）.2.We learn from the passage that people tend to believe that（ ）.3.Faced with the government threats to cut reimbursements indiscriminately primary care physicians have to（ ）.4.Why do many new medical graduates refuse to choose primary care as their career

19、?5.What suggestion does the author give in order to provide better health care?问题1选项A.the inadequate training of physiciansB.the declining number of doctorsC.the shrinking primary care resourcesD.the ever-rising health care costs问题2选项A.the more costly the medicine, the more effective the cureB.seein

20、g more doctors may result in more diagnostic errorsC.visiting doctors on a regular basis ensures good healthD.the more doctors taking care of a patient, the better问题3选项A.increase their income by working overtimeB.improve their expertise and serviceC.make various deals with specialistsD.see more pati

21、ents at the expense of quality问题4选项A.They find the need for primary care declining.B.The current system works against primary care.C.Primary care physicians command less respect.D.They think working in emergency rooms tedious.问题5选项A.Bridge the salary gap between specialists and primary care physicia

22、ns.B.Extend primary care to patients with chronic diseases.C.Recruit more medical students by offering them loans.D.Reduce the tuition of students who choose primary care as their major.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。通读全文，可知作者提出了美国目前初级护理医师比例的严重失衡，造成这一现象的主要原因是薪酬，以及解决的方法，因此C选项“初级保健资源萎缩”符合题

23、意。第2题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you dont guarantee better care.（与人们普遍的看法相反，医生照顾你的次数越多，就不能保证更好的护理）可知人们通常认为医生照顾病人越多，就越好。第3题:细节事实题。由文章第四段和第五段中physicians are faces with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income. Primary care physicians who refus

24、e to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices（医生们别无选择，只能增加数量以增加收入。拒绝妥协质量的初级保健医师要么被逐出行业，要么从事与一些现金相关的行业）可知D选项“以牺牲质量为代价看更多的病人”符合题意。第4题:推理判断题。由文章第六段They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care.（他们看到了费用返还体制是如何严重地弄虚作假，不利于初级护理）可知B选项“现行制度是

25、针对初级护理”符合题意。第5题:细节事实题。文章倒数第三段提出了解决初级护理的一些措施，包括：改革医生返还费用制度；减轻初级保健医生压力；免除选择初级护理作为职业的学生贷款；缩小专科医师与初级护理医师薪水的差异。因此A选项“缩小专家和初级保健医生之间的工资差距”符合题意。7. 单选题There are（ ）periods in animals life when it is capable of learning a great deal in a very short time.问题1选项A.urgentB.violentC.seriousD.critical【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析

26、。urgent意为“急迫的”；violent意为“暴力的，猛烈的”；serious意为“严重的，严肃的”；critical意为“批评的，爱挑剔的”。句意：动物的一生当中总会有一段暴力阶段，那段时间它可以在短期内学习很多的东西。8. 单选题He （ ）his head, wondering how to solve the problem.问题1选项A.scrappedB.screwedC.scrapedD.scratched【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。scrap意为“废弃，报废”；screw意为“旋紧，拧紧”；scrape意为“刮，擦”；scratch意为“挠，搔，抓”。句意：他挠他的头，

27、不知如何解决这个问题。9. 单选题The press in America is particularly important because, （1）than in any other country, it is recognized as having a responsible role to（2）in relation to one aspect of the process of government. The press（3）is an American invention, and it began to be important（4）the form of a meeting

28、 between President and（5）in which the President（6）question. Press conferences take place all（7）the world now, but the presidential press conference is an institution（8）gives us a key（9）the special role America（10）to the press and to the newspapermen. The British parliament has its question time（11）e

29、ach day Members of Parliament（12）question to ministers in charge of（13）departments, and some European parliaments have something of（14）kind. There is no possibility（15）such a device in the United States Congress because heads of executive departments are not members of（16）Thus the executive has no p

30、olitical platform（17）which to explain its（18）and give information. President Franklin Roosevelt showed the advantages of using the Press for such（19）when he called regular meetings of newspapermen（20）which he invited questions.问题1选项A.lessB.moreC.ratherD.greater问题2选项A.performB.conductC.doD.make问题3选项A

31、.sessionB.meetC.meetingD.conference问题4选项A.atB.withC.inD.for问题5选项A.ministerB.officialsC.opponentsD.journalists问题6选项A.repliedB.replied toC.answered toD.returned问题7选项A.overB.roundC.upD.though问题8选项A.whereB.whatC.whichD.it问题9选项A.forB.atC.towardsD.to问题10选项A.resignsB.assignsC.designsD.assists问题11选项A.whenB.

32、onC.forD.in问题12选项A.answerB.respondC.addressD.serve问题13选项A.executiveB.managementC.executionD.direction问题14选项A.sameB.a sameC.the sameD.the similar问题15选项A.forB.toC.aboutD.of问题16选项A.itB.themC.importanceD.significance问题17选项A.withB.throughC.forD.in问题18选项A.viewsB.pointsC.standsD.locations问题19选项A.sakeB.save

33、C.intentionsD.purposes问题20选项A.inB.onC.atD.for【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:D第6题:B第7题:A第8题:C第9题:D第10题:B第11题:A第12题:C第13题:A第14题:C第15题:D第16题:A第17题:B第18题:A第19题:D第20题:C【解析】第1题:考查逻辑关系。由前面的“新闻在美国尤其重要”可推测此处表示比较，比在其他国家更重要，因此填more。第2题:考查固定搭配。perform a role意为“扮演角色”。第3题:考查固定搭配。the press conference意为“新闻发布会，记者招待会”，后

34、面句子也提到了Press conferences。第4题:考查固定搭配。in the form of意为“以的形式”。第5题:考查逻辑关系。根据上下文，可知此处为记者招待会，故应为总统与记者的见面，因此选D。第6题:考查动词辨析。answer作动词时，后面直接跟宾语；rely一般作不及物动词，后面接to，reply to意为“回答，答复”。第7题:考查固定搭配。all over the world意为“全世界”。第8题:考查定语从句。从句中缺少主语，先行词an institution表示物，因此用which引导定语从句。第9题:考查固定搭配。a key to.意为“的关键”。第10题:考查固定

35、搭配。assign.to意为“赋予（某功能或价值）”。第11题:考查定语从句。先行词time表示时间，因此用关系副词when引导定语从句。第12题:考查动词辨析。answer意为“答复”；respond意为“回答，响应”；address意为“对发话”；serve意为“（为）服务”。此处表示议员向行政官员发问，因此选C。第13题:考查逻辑关系。此处表示负责行政部门的部长，与后文中的heads of executive departments相对应，因此选A。第14题:考查固定搭配。same一般与定冠词the连用，the same意为“一样的”。第15题:考查介词辨析。of意为“的”，此处表示的可

36、能性。第16题:考查逻辑关系。根据上下文可知行政部门不是United States Congress（美国国会）的成员，因此用it指代美国国会，选A。第17题:考查介词辨析。此处表示这些行政官员没有地方通过论坛的形式解释他们的观点，因此填through（通过）。第18题:考查逻辑关系。由后面的give information（提供信息）可知此处与explain views（解释观点）像对应。第19题:考查逻辑关系。此处表示利用新闻达到这样的目的，因此填purpose。第20题:考查固定搭配。空格后的which指的是meeting，此处表示在会议上，总统要求大家提出问题。at the meeti

37、ng意为“在会议上”。10. 单选题You will get to the church more quickly if you take this （ ）across the fields.问题1选项A.trackB.passageC.hedgeD.journey【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。track意为“小路，小道”；passage意为“通道，走廊，段落”；hedge意为“树篱，障碍”；journey意为“旅行，行程”。句意：如果你走小路穿过这片区域，能更快到教堂。11. 单选题Trying military wrongdoers may annoy the armed forces,

38、 and （ ）a fresh conflict.问题1选项A.proliferateB.provokeC.nurtureD.proclaim【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。proliferate意为“激增，猛增”；provoke意为“激起，挑起”；nurture意为“养育”；proclaim意为“宣告，公布”。句意：尝试军事犯罪的不法分子可能会打乱军事力量，从而激起新的矛盾。12. 单选题I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room-a womens group that had invited m

39、en to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands dont talk to them. This man quickl

40、y concurred. He gestured toward his wife and said shes the talker in our family. The room burst into laughter the man looked puzzled and hurt, its true he explained. “When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didnt keep the conversation going wed spend the whole evening in silence.”Th

41、is episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler

42、Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed but only a few of the me gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year a virtual e

43、pidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning cooking

44、 and social arrangements. Instead, they focused on communication. “He doesnt listen to me”: “He doesnt talk to me.” I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In s

45、hort the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at: the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk.1.What is most wives main expectation of their husbands?2. Judging f

46、rom the context, the phrase wreaking havoc (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means（ ）.3.All of the following are true EXCEPT（ ）.4.Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?5.In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on（ ）.问题1选项A.T

47、alking to them.B.Trusting them.C.Supporting their careers.D.Sharing housework.问题2选项A.generating motivationB.exerting influenceC.causing damageD.creating pressure问题3选项A.men tend to talk more in public than womenB.nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC.women attach muc

48、h importance to communication between couplesD.a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse问题4选项A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.B.Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.C.Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.D.Conversation

49、al patterns between man and wife are different.问题5选项A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.SD.a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题

50、:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由文章第一段中women frequently complain that their husbands dont talk to them（女人经常抱怨他们的丈夫不和她们交谈）可推测大多数妻子对丈夫的主要期望是与他们交谈，因此选A。第2题:词义题。generating motivation意为“产生动机”；exerting influence意为“发挥影响”；causing damage意为“造成伤害”；creating pressure意为“创造压力”。由文章第二段中although American men tend to talk more than w

51、omen in public situations they often talk less at home, and pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.（尽管美国男人在公共场合比女人说话更多，但他们在家里经常少说话，这种模式正在wreaking havoc婚姻）以及第三段中gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces（没有沟通是他们离婚的原因）可知C选项最符合句意。第3题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中although American men tend to talk mor

52、e than women in public situations they often talk less at home可知A、D选项正确，由第四段中Instead they focused on communication可知C选项正确，因此选B。第4题:推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives（大多数妻子希望丈夫成为最重要的谈话伙伴

53、，但很少有丈夫对妻子抱有同样的期望）可推测妻子与丈夫对谈话有不同的认知，因此选D。第5题:推理判断题。文章主要讲述了家庭生活中妻子与丈夫对谈话认知的差异，那么接下来作者将继续围绕这一主题进行展述，最有可能对the stereotypical cartoon进行详细描述，因此选B。13. 单选题Not having a good command of English can be a serious（ ）to preventing you fromachieving your goals.问题1选项A.impedimentB.faultC.offenseD.distress【答案】A【解析】考查

54、名词辨析。impediment意为“妨碍，阻止”；fault意为“缺点，缺陷”；offense意为“犯罪，进攻”；distress意为“悲痛”。句意：不能很好地掌握英语可能妨碍你实现你的目标。14. 单选题Women bosses are viewed as less qualified and capable than their male （ ）according to a study.问题1选项A.equivalentsB.counterpartsC.peersD.substitutes【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。equivalent意为“同等物”；counterpart意为“职位(

55、或作用)相当的人”；peer意为“同龄人”；substitute意为“替代物”。句意：根据一项研究，女性老板被认为不如男性老板合格、有能力。15. 单选题Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?问题1选项A.All his lectures are were interesting.B.Half their savings were gone.C.Many his friends came to the party.D.Both his sisters are nurses.【答案】C【解析】考查限定词。题干：下面哪个句子不正确？many后面

56、不能直接跟限定词。16. 单选题（ ） the precise qualities of the hero in literary works may vary over time, basic exemplary function of the hero seems to remain constant.问题1选项A.WhateverB.In spite ofC.Even thoughD.Regardless【答案】C【解析】考查让步状语从句。分析句子，可知逗号后面的为主句，逗号前面的从句主谓完整，缺少一个连接副词连接句子，whatever在句中可作主语与宾语，从句中的谓语动词may var

57、y后面不需要接宾语了，因此用Even though。in spite of后面接的是名词或者动名词，不跟从句；regardless后面不接句子。句意：尽管文学作品中主人公的精湛品质可能随着时间的推移而变化，但英雄的基本模范作用似乎保持不变。17. 单选题Having had her as a professor and adviser, I can tell you that she is an（ ） force who pushes her students to excel far beyond their own expectations.问题1选项A.inspirationalB.ed

58、ucationalC.excessiveD.instantaneous【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。inspirational意为“启发灵感的，鼓舞人心的”；educational意为“教育的”；excessive意为“过度的，极度的”；instantaneous意为“瞬间的”。句意：有了她作为教授和顾问，我可以告诉你，她是一股鼓舞人心的力量，她能鼓励她的学生们发挥出超出他们自己的期望。18. 单选题The government gave a very（ ）explanation of its plans for industrial development.问题1选项A.understa

59、ndingB.comprehensiveC.compulsoryD.sophisticated【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。understanding意为“善解人意的，富有同情心的”；comprehensive意为“详尽的，综合性的，全部的”；compulsory意为“必须做的，强制性的”；sophisticated意为“复杂的”。句意：政府给出了一个对其工业发展计划十分全面的解释。19. 单选题The jobs of wildlife technicians and biologist seemed （ ）to him, but one day he discovered their d

60、ifference.问题1选项A.identicalB.verticalC.parallelD.specific【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。identical意为“相同的，同一的”；vertical意为“垂直的，竖立的”；parallel意为“平行的”；specific意为“明确的”。句意：野生动物技术人员和生物学家的工作对他来说似乎是一样的，但有一天他发现了它们的不同之处。20. 单选题（ ）for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.问题1选项A.Had it not beenB.Hadnt it beenC.Was it notD.Were it not【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。由后面句子可知是对过去的虚拟，因此主句用过去完成时。当虚拟条件句的谓语部分含有were、should、had时，我们可以将连词if省略掉，而将were、should、 had置于句首。had it