2022年考博英语-河北工业大学考试题库及模拟押密卷94（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-河北工业大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题The beauty of Hopi painted pottery is known throughout the modern world; so also was it known and highly valued in the aboriginal world of the North American West. Until approximately A.D. 1300 pottery in the Hopi country was simply a regional variation on the

2、wares of other parts of the Pueblo area. Then, with the advent of the fourteenth century, came an artistic explosion. The black-on-white designs, beloved of archaeologists but relatively undistinguished, were superseded by brilliant, black-on-orange designs and orange polychromes. These in turn were

3、 superseded by black-on-yellow types quite different in design, layout, and execution from any other Pueblo ware. By the addition of red to this, a polychrome was produced. Its modern counterpart is in constant demand in shops throughout the country. It is called Sikyatki Polychrome after the first

4、major archaeological excavation in the Hopi country.In contrast to the almost exclusively geometric nature of other Pueblo wares, the late prehistoric Hopi yellows and polychromes are characterized by startling, sweeping curvilinear motifs; bird, animal, floral, and human representations; and religi

5、ous masks and ceremonial scenes. Their freedom of rendition is completely at variance with the canons of all other prehistoric Pueblo schools of pottery design, except for the contemporary Mimbres ware in western New Mexico, which shared some, but far from all of the freedom from established traditi

6、on.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?2. The word “it” in the first sentence refers to the _.3. In the first paragraph, what is said about Hopi pottery made before A.D. 1300?4. According to the passage, when did the greatest artistic advancement in Hopi pottery take place?5. Which of the follow

7、ing is NOT mentioned as a design used for Hopi painted pottery?问题1选项A.The techniques used by the Hopi to market pottery.B.The pottery artifacts found in an archaeological excavation at Sikyatki.C.The diverse designs and colors used by the Hopi in painting pottery.D.The relation of Hopi pottery to th

8、at designed by the Mimbres.问题2选项A.North American WestB.quality of a kind of potteryC.Hopi cultureD.modern world问题3选项A.It was transported ail over the world.B.Its high cost made it difficult to purchase.C.Its black-on-white designs were uncommon.D.It was very similar to other Pueblo pottery.问题4选项A.Du

9、ring the years just prior to the thirteenth century.B.During the first few decades of the thirteenth century.C.In the beginning of the fourteenth century.D.In the middle of the fourteenth century.问题5选项A.Bird representations.B.Common weapons.C.Ceremonial scenes.D.Human figures.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:

10、C第5题:B【解析】1.【选项释义】1. What does the passage mainly discuss? 1. 这篇文章主要讨论什么？A. The techniques used by the Hopi to market pottery. A. 霍皮人销售陶器的技术。B. The pottery artifacts found in an archaeological excavation at Sikyatki. B. 在锡亚特基考古挖掘中发现的陶器。C. The diverse designs and colors used by the Hopi in painting p

11、ottery. C. 霍皮人在绘制陶器时使用的各种图案和颜色。D. The relation of Hopi pottery to that designed by the Mimbres. D. 霍皮陶器与明布雷斯人设计的陶器的关系。【答案】C【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】文章第一句指明“霍皮彩陶的美丽在现代世界闻名”，随之，作者介绍了不同时期下霍皮彩陶的特点，包括它们使用的色彩和图案，所以整篇文章主要讨论的就是霍皮人在彩绘陶器中使用的图案和色彩，所以该题选择C选项“霍皮人在绘制陶器时使用的各种图案和颜色”。【干扰项排除】A项“霍皮人销售陶器的技术”，原文没有提到霍皮人的销售技术，该项无

12、中生有；B项“在锡亚特基考古挖掘中发现的陶器”和D项“霍皮陶器与明布雷斯人设计的陶器的关系”只是原文中的某一个方面，不是主要内容，以偏概全。2.【选项释义】2. The word “it” in the first sentence refers to the _. 2. 第一句中的it指的是_。A. North American West A. 北美西部B. quality of a kind of pottery B. 一种陶器的品质C. Hopi culture C. 霍皮文化D. modern world D. 现代世界【答案】B【考查点】词汇推理题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至首段第一

13、句“霍皮彩陶的美丽在现代世界闻名；因此，在北美西部的土著世界也被人们所知并被高度重视”，从中可知，这里的it指的依然是霍皮彩陶，所以该题选择B项“一种陶器的品质”。【干扰项排除】A项“北美西部”由解题思路可知，该项曲解原文；C项“霍皮文化”和D项“现代世界”在该句都没有提及，无中生有。3.【选项释义】3. In the first paragraph, what is said about Hopi pottery made before A.D. 1300? 3. 在第一段中，关于公元1300年以前的霍皮陶器是怎么说的？A. It was transported ail over the w

14、orld. A. 它被运往世界各地。B. Its high cost made it difficult to purchase. B. 它的昂贵价格使它很难购买。C. Its black-on-white designs were uncommon. C. 它的黑白设计很少见。D. It was very similar to other Pueblo pottery. D. 它和其他普韦布洛陶器非常相似。【答案】D【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据原文第一段第二句“大约在公元1300年以前，霍皮人国家的陶器仅仅是普韦布洛地区其他地区陶器的区域变种”可知，霍皮陶器是普韦布洛地区其他地区陶

15、器的区域变种，这也就是说霍皮陶器其实和其他普韦布洛陶器相似。因此，该题选择D项“它和其他普韦布洛陶器非常相似”。【干扰项排除】A项“它被运往世界各地”在原文中只在第一段倒数第二句提到“它的现代版（modern counterpart）在全国各地的商店里不断地有需求”，从modern counterpart（现代版）可知这并不是公元1300年以前的事情，该项曲解原文；B项“它的昂贵价格使它很难购买”在原文并没有提到关于霍皮彩陶的价格，该项无中生有；C项“它的黑白设计很少见”，定位第一段第四句“考古学家们钟爱黑白图案，但相对来说并不出众（relatively undistinguished）”可知

16、，黑白图案的设计只是并不出众，而不是很少见，该项曲解原文。4.【选项释义】4. According to the passage, when did the greatest artistic advancement in Hopi pottery take place? 4. 根据这篇文章，霍皮陶器最伟大的艺术进步发生在什么时候？A. During the years just prior to the thirteenth century. A. 在十三世纪之前的几年里。B. During the first few decades of the thirteenth century. B

17、. 在十三世纪的头几十年里。C. In the beginning of the fourteenth century. C. 在十四世纪初。D. In the middle of the fourteenth century. D. 在十四世纪中期。【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据原文第一段第三四句“然后，随着十四世纪的到来，艺术出现了爆炸性的发展（came an artistic explosion）。考古学家们钟爱的黑白图案，但相对来说并不出众，后来被明亮的颜色所代替，出现了彩陶。”可知，十四世纪的到来，霍皮陶器取得了重大进步，这也就是说霍皮陶器最伟大的艺术进步发生在十四

18、世纪早期。因此，该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A项“在十三世纪之前的几年里”和B项“在十三世纪的头几十年里”根据解题思路可知，这两项属于曲解原文；D项“在十四世纪中期”在原文没有提到，属于无中生有。5.【选项释义】5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a design used for Hopi painted pottery? 5. 以下哪一项没有被提到作为霍皮彩陶的设计？A. Bird representations. A. 鸟禽描绘。B. Common weapons. B. 普通武器。C. Ceremonial scenes. C.

19、仪式场景。D. Human figures. D. 人体画像。【答案】B【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据原文第二段第一句“与其他普韦布洛人的几乎完全的几何性质相比，史前晚期的霍皮黄陶和彩陶以惊人的、广泛的曲线图案为特征，表现元素多为鸟、动物、花、人类以及宗教面具和仪式场景”可知，霍皮彩陶的图案多为鸟、动物、花、人类以及宗教面具和仪式场景，只有B项“普通武器”没有提及。因此，该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A项“鸟禽描绘”、C项“仪式场景”和D项“人体画像”由解题思路可知，这三项都是霍皮彩陶的图案，属于反向干扰。2. 单选题The announcement will _ the rumors

20、of a takeover that have plagued the company for the past 18 months.问题1选项A.appendB.scotchC.exhortD.exhale【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. append附加，贴上；盖章 B. scotch阻止，平息；终止C. exhort忠告；劝诫 D. exhale呼气；发出，发散【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据空格后的句子意思“过去18个月来困扰该公司的收购传言”，由情态动词will可知，The announcement will _表示的是“这一声明将消除”，B项符合句意。【干扰项排除】

21、A、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】这一声明将消除过去18个月来困扰该公司的收购传言。3. 翻译题什么是幸福？古今中外，很多人都对它作出过不少的论述。幸福是一种心境、一种感觉，是心里欲望得到满足时的状态，是感到生活有巨大乐趣并自然而然地希望它持续久远的愉快心情。有些人穷其一生却找不到幸福，而有些人则时刻被幸福光环所围绕。这是因为幸福的人有一颗感知幸福的心，有一双善于发现幸福的眼睛。对于这样的人，一切都显得美好。房后清风做琴，檐下雨露为弦，屋顶鸟啾如歌，天上月光当酒。幸福简单又深奥，玄妙又简洁。所以要想得到幸福就要有一种如水心态，在平淡中寻找幸福，在细微中品味幸福。幸福有时就是一个分式，欲望是分母，

22、所得是分子。如果想得到更多的幸福，最好的方法莫过于减少分母，增加分子。【答案】What is happiness? Many people have made a lot of discussion about it at all times. Happiness is a kind of mood, a feeling, a state when desires in the heart is satisfied, or a happy mood which feels the great joy of life and hopes that it can last for a long t

23、ime naturally. Some people spend their entire lives but cannot find happiness, while others are always surrounded by it. This is because happy people have a heart which can perceive happiness, and a pair of eyes which is gWhat is happiness? Ancient and modern, many people have made a lot of discussi

24、on on it. Happiness is a mood, a feeling, a state of mind in which the desires of the heart are satisfied, a joyful mood in which one feels that life has great pleasures and naturally wants them to last. Some people go through life without finding happiness, while others are surrounded by a halo of

25、happiness. This is because happy people have a heart to perceive happiness, and a pair of eyes good at finding happiness. For these person, all is well. Behind the house, wind as a lyre; under the eaves, rain and dew as a string; on the roof, birds tweet like a song; and in the sky, moonlight as win

26、e. Happiness is simple and profound, mysterious and concise. So if you want to get happiness, you should have a mentality like water, looking for happiness in the plain, and tasting happiness in the subtle. Happiness is sometimes a fraction, desire is the denominator, while gains is the numerator. I

27、f you want more happiness, the best way is to reduce the denominator and increase the numerator.4. 单选题She was the victim of her neighbors malicious gossiping.问题1选项A.malevolentB.violentC.lenientD.benevolent【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. malevolent恶毒的，有恶意的；坏心肠的 B. violent暴力的，猛烈的C. lenient宽大的，仁慈的 D. benevolent慈善的，乐

28、善好施的【答案】A【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】从gossiping（流言蜚语）可知，划线单词malicious是一个贬义词，表示“恶意的”，只有A选项含义最为接近。故本题正确答案为A选项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项与划线单词意思不符合。【句意】她是邻居恶意诽谤的受害者。5. 单选题The Eighteenth Amendment, often called the Prohibition Act, _ the sale of alcoholic beverages.问题1选项A.prolongedB.preemptedC.sanctionedD.proscribed【答案】D【解析】【选

29、项释义】A. prolonged延长 B. preempted取得优先权；先占C. sanctioned许可；实施制裁 D. proscribed宣布禁止【答案】D【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词the Prohibition Act（禁令）可知，_ the sale of alcoholic beverages表达的是“禁止销售酒类饮料”。因此，空格处填入D项符合。【干扰项排除】A、B项不符合句意；C项一般指通过法律行动上实施惩罚，不符合句意。【句意】第十八修正案，通常被称为禁酒令，禁止销售酒类饮料。6. 单选题A person who is _ is slow to adapt

30、to a new way of life.问题1选项A.nonchalantB.intractableC.rabidD.insolent【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. nonchalant若无其事的；冷静的 B. intractable很难对付（或处理）的C. rabid极端的；疯狂的 D. insolent粗野的；无礼的【答案】B【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息slow to adapt to a new way of life（很难适应新的生活方式）可知，这个人是一个比较固执的人，只有B项词义与之符合。因此，该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】一个

31、顽固的人很难适应新的生活方式。7. 单选题It seems very difficult _.问题1选项A.to stop the child to cryB.stopping the child to cryC.stop the child cryingD.to stop the child crying【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. to stop the child to cry去阻止孩子哭 B. stopping the child to cry阻止孩子哭C. stop the child crying阻止孩子哭 D. to stop the child crying去阻止孩子哭【

32、答案】D【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】根据关键词difficult（困难的）可知，difficult to do sth.是固定搭配，表示“做某事是困难的”，而stop doing/to do sth.也是固定搭配，但是stop doing sth.表示“停止正在做的事情”，stop to do sth.是“停止正在干的事情去干另一件”；根据选项意思可知，空格处应该表示“阻止孩子哭”。因此，该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】B、C项不符合固定搭配；A项不符合句子意思。【句意】似乎很难让这孩子不哭。8. 单选题No men were allowed to _ on the livelihood of

33、 his neighbor.问题1选项A.wadeB.invokeC.muffleD.infringe【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. wade涉水，跋涉；费力行走 B. invoke引起，恳求；调用C. muffle蒙住，裹住；抑制 D. infringe侵犯，违反；破坏【答案】D【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据句子意思“不允许任何人_邻居的生活”可知，空格处填入“打扰，破坏”符合句意，只有D项符合。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。【句意】不允许任何人侵犯邻居的生活。9. 单选题Any possible deleterious side effects of the new dr

34、ug cannot be determined by _ trials; several long-term studies with _ identical methodologies are required.问题1选项A.banefulgermaneB.accedingfawningC.mitigatingstoutD.cursory.uniform【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. banefulgermane有害的，有毒的贴切的，恰当的，有密切关系的 B. accedingfawning加入，同意v.奉承的，恭维的C. mitigatingstout减轻的，节制的，和缓的坚决的，强有

35、力的 D. cursory.uniform粗略的，草率的统一的，相同的【答案】D【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据句子意思“新药的任何可能的有害副作用都不能通过_试验确定；它需要用_相同方法进行几项长期研究”可知，两个空格处都要填入一个形容词，第一个空格根据句意可知，填入cursory表示“草率的”符合语境；第二个空格根据后面的identical（相同的）可知，该空格填入uniform表示“统一的”符合，故该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。【句意】新药的任何可能的有害副作用都不能通过草率的试验确定；它需要用统一的相同方法进行几项长期研究。10. 单选题问题1选项A.flu

36、ctuationB.crisisC.diminutionD.partition【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. fluctuation起伏，波动 B. crisis危机，危险期C. diminution减少，降低，缩小 D. partition划分，分隔，分开【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】oscillation在句中的意思是“波动，浮动”，A选项与划线单词最为接近，故本题正确答案为A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项与划线单词的意思不符合。【句意】因此，如果这个过程发生了，大气中二氧化碳的含量可能会长期波动。11. 单选题The rate of _ in the US remains

37、 undercounted due to the official formulas used to calculate the number of those living in indigence.问题1选项A.rapacityB.veracityC.altruismD.impoverishment【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. rapacity掠夺，贪婪 B. veracity真实，准确C. altruism利他主义 D. impoverishment贫困，贫穷【答案】D【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词indigence“贫困”可知The rate of _是指“贫困率”，

38、因此该题选择D项符合句意。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。【句意】由于官方数据过去只统计了过着贫困生活人口的数字，所以美国的贫困率仍然被低估了。12. 单选题The question is _to land men there.问题1选项A.if safe it willB.if will be safeC.whether it will be safeD.whether safe it will be【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. if safe it will如果安全 B. if will be safe如果安全C. whether it will be safe是否安全 D.

39、whether safe it will be是否安全【答案】C【考查点】表语从句。【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，空格处应该是填入一个表语从句，而if不能引导表语从句，但是whether可以，而且从句中应该用陈述语序。因此，该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A、B项不能引导表语从句；D项从句不是陈述语序。【句意】问题是让人在那里着陆是否安全。13. 单选题The bookstores customers comprised _ group, one of heterogeneous backgrounds and disparate tastes.问题1选项A.a ravenousB.a digre

40、ssiveC.a motleyD.a prodigal【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. a ravenous贪婪的，渴望的 B. a digressive离题的，直接的C. a motley杂色的，混杂的 D. a prodigal挥霍的，十分慷慨的【答案】C【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据后半句句意“不同的背景和不同的品味”可知空格处所填单词应具有“混杂的”的意思，因此该题选择C项符合句意。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。【句意】这家书店的顾客五花八门，背景各异，品味迥异。14. 单选题He is always meticulous in keeping the records

41、 up to date.问题1选项A.scrupulousB.perpetualC.puerileD.studious【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. scrupulous细心的，小心谨慎的，一丝不苟的 B. perpetual永久的，不断的，无期限的C. puerile幼稚的，孩子气的；天真的 D. studious勤奋的，好学的【答案】A【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】由keeping the records up to date（保持记录的更新）可推测，划线单词meticulous表示“一丝不苟的，小心翼翼的”，因此A选项含义最为接近。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项与划线单词意思不符合。

42、【句意】他总是一丝不苟地保持记录的更新。15. 翻译题Philosophy, as I shall understand the word, is something intermediate between theology and science. Like theology, it consists of speculations on matters as to which definite knowledge has, so far, been unascertainable; but like science, it appeals to human reason rather t

43、han to authority, whether that of tradition or that of revelation.All definite knowledgeso I should contendbelongs to science; all dogma as to what surpasses definite knowledge belongs to theology. But between theology and science there is a No Mans Land, exposed to attack from both sides; this No M

44、ans Land is philosophy. Almost all the questions of most interest to speculative minds are such as science cannot answer, and the confident answers of theologians no longer seem so convincing as they did in former centuries.【答案】我对哲学的理解是介于神学和科学之间。就像神学一样，它也包括对一些事物的推测，这些确定的知识到目前为止还不能被确定。但是，就像科学一样，它诉诸于人

45、类的理性而不是权威，无论是传统的还是启示的。我认为，所有明确的知识都属于科学；所有关于超越明确的知识的教条都属于神学。但是在神学和科学之间有一个无人区，受到来自双方的攻击，这无人区就是哲学。几乎所有思考者最感兴趣的问题都是科学无法回答的，而神学家们自信的回答也不再像前几个世纪那样令人信服。16. 单选题I suggest we put the scheme into effect, for it is quite _.问题1选项A.eligibleB.sustainableC.probableD.feasible【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. eligible合格的，符合条件的 B. su

46、stainable（对自然资源和能源的利用）不破坏生态平衡的，合理利用的C. probable很可能发生（或存在等）的 D. feasible可行的【答案】D【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据主句的意思“我建议我们实施这个计划”，可知，这个计划是可行的。因此，该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A项指某人具备某种条件或资格去做某事；B、C项不符合句意。【句意】我建议我们实施这个计划，因为它很可行。17. 单选题A group of young men in rags sauntered along the street.问题1选项A.shuffledB.rambledC.tackedD.holle

47、red【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. shuffled拖着脚走，坐立不安 B. rambled漫步，闲逛C. tacked（用平头钉）钉住；戗风行驶 D. hollered发牢骚，大声喊叫【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】由A group of young men in rags（一群衣衫褴褛的年轻人）和street（街道）可推测，句子意思表示“一群衣衫褴褛的年轻人沿街闲逛”，划线单词sauntered表示“闲逛，漫步”。因此，B选项词义最为接近，该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项与划线单词意思不符合。【句意】一群衣衫褴褛的年轻人沿街闲逛。18. 单选题The people

48、in the snow-stricken areas need much more food than（ ）to them by the airforce.问题1选项A.being deliveredB.have been deliveredC.deliveredD.has been delivered【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. being delivered被传递 B. have been delivered被传递C. delivered传递 D. has been delivered被传递【答案】B【考查点】时态和语态。【解题思路】根据句子可知，food和deliver之间是被动关

49、系，并且动作已经完成，所以应该使用现在完成时的被动语态，而逻辑主语是more food，助动词应该用have，所以该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A项不符合时态；C项为主动语态；D项单复数不一致。【句意】雪灾地区的人们需要比空军提供的更多的食物。19. 单选题The _ was greatest when the pitcher paused before delivering the last strike.问题1选项A.gameB.crowdC.sportsmanshipD.tension【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. game游戏；比赛 B. crowd人群C. sportsmanshi

50、p体育精神 D. tension拉力；紧张【答案】D【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据后半句的意思“当投手在投出最后一个好球前停顿时”可推测，人们紧张的气氛是最高的，因此空格处填入D项恰当。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。【句意】当投手在投出最后一个好球前停顿时，紧张的气氛达到了顶点。20. 单选题His remarks were so _ that we could not decide which of the possible meanings was correct.问题1选项A.facetiousB.ambiguousC.cogentD.impalpable【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. facetious乱引人发笑的 B. ambiguous模棱两可的，含混不清的C. cogent有说服力的 D. impalpable触摸不到的，感觉不着的【答案】B【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据后半句句意“我们无法断定那一种可能的意思是正确的”可知，His remarks were so _表示“他的话含糊其辞”符合前后句意。因此，该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】他的话含糊其辞，我们无法断定那一种可能的意思是正确的。