2022年考博英语-通用考博英语考试题库及模拟押密卷34（含答案解析）

《2022年考博英语-通用考博英语考试题库及模拟押密卷34（含答案解析）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-通用考博英语考试题库及模拟押密卷34（含答案解析）（33页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-通用考博英语考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题He believes that its wrong that some people should enjoy wealth, privilege, influence and power solely（ ）an accident of birth.问题1选项A.on the ground ofB.for the sake ofC.in view ofD.by virtue of【答案】D【解析】考查介词词组辨析。on the ground of “以为理由，因为”；for the sake of “为了的利益”；

2、in view of “鉴于，考虑到”；by virtue of “由于，凭借”。句意：他认为有些人一出生就可以享受财富、特权和权势的观点是错误的。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题There （ ）no other Chinese in the town, he was called by all the people there simply as “the Chinese”.问题1选项A.havingB.beingC.having beenD.been【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。逗号后面的句子完整，因此空格处只能用非谓语动词，此处是there be 句型，因此选项B符合题意。句意：镇上没

3、有其他中国人，所有人都叫他“中国人”。3. 单选题Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.To understand the mechanism of the human brain.B.To see if they are inherent traits affecting learning.C.To categorize different types of learners.D.To find out what students prefer to learn.问题2选项A.It w

4、as original in design.B.It was thought-provoking.C.It was defective.D.It was misguided.问题3选项A.Reading plain texts is more effective than viewing pictures.B.Scientific concepts are hard to understand without visual aids.C.Auditory aids are as important as visual aids.D.Visual aids are helpful to all

5、types of learners.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D【解析】Recording OneHave you ever had someone try to explain something to you a dozen times with no luckbut then, when you see a picture, the idea finally clicks? If that sounds familiar, maybe you might consider yourself a visual learner. Or, if reading or listenin

6、g does the trick, maybe you feel like youre a verbal learner.We call these labels learning styles, but is there really a way to categorize different types of students? Well, it actually seems that multiple presentation formats, especially if one of them is visual, help most people learn.16 When psyc

7、hologists and educators test for learning styles, theyre trying to figure out whether these are inherent traits that affect how well students learn, instead of just a preference. Usually, they start by giving a survey to figure out what style a student favors, like visual or verbal learning. Then, t

8、hey try to teach the students something with a specific presentation style, like using visual aids, and do a follow-up test to see how much they learned. That way, the researchers can see if the self-identified verbal learners really learned better when the information was just spoken aloud, for exa

9、mple.But, according to a 2008 review, only one study that followed this design found that students actually learned best with their preferred style. 17 But the study had some big flaws. The researchers excluded two thirds of the original participants because they didnt seem to have any clear learnin

10、g style from the survey at the beginning, and they didnt even report the actual test scores in the final paper. So. it doesnt really seem like learning styles are an inherent trait that we all have. But, that doesnt mean that all students will do amazingly if they just spend all their time reading f

11、rom a textbook.Instead, most people seem to learn better if theyre taught in several ways, especially if one is visual. In one study, researchers tested whether students remembered lists of words better if they heard them, saw them, or both. And everyone seemed to do better if they got to see the wo

12、rds in print, even the self-identified auditory learners. Their preference didnt seem to matter.Similar studies tested whether students learned basic physics and chemistry concepts better by reading plain text or viewing pictures, too. 18 And everyone did better with the help of pictures.16. Why do

13、psychologists and educators study learning styles?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问为什么心理学家和教育家要研究学习方式？录音提到，当心理学家和教育学家为学习方式做测试时，他们试图弄清楚这些是否是影响学生学习效果的固有特征，因此B选项“看它们是否是影响学习的固有特征”符合录音原文表述。A选项“了解人类大脑的机制”和D选项“找出学生更喜欢学什么”在录音中均没有信息提及；C选项“对不同类型的学习者进行分类”，利用录音的categorize different types of students设干扰，录音中只是质疑是否真的有办法把不同类型的学生分类，

14、这并不是心理学家和教育家研究学习方式的原因，因此C选项不正确。17. What does the speaker say about one study mentioned in the 2008 review?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问说话者对2008年评论中提到的一项研究有何看法？录音提到，这项研究存在一些重大缺陷，因此C选项“它是有缺陷的”正确。A选项“它在设计上是原创的”，利用录音的original设干扰，录音只是提到研究人员排除了三分之二的最初参与者，并未提到设计上的事，因此A选项不正确；B选项“它是发人深省的”和D选项“它被误导了”在录音中没有信息提及。18. What me

15、ssage does the speaker want to convey about learning at the end of talk?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问在谈话的最后，说话者想传达关于学习的什么信息？录音最后提到，类似的研究测试了学生通过阅读纯文本或观看图片是否能更好地学习基本的物理和化学概念，所有人在图片的帮助下都做得更好。由此可知，D选项“视觉上的辅助对所有类型的学习者都有用”符合录音原文表述。A选项“阅读纯文本比看图片更有效”与录音最后提到的实验结果恰好相反，因此错误；B选项“没有视觉辅助，科学概念很难理解”，录音中未提及理解科学概念的难度，因此B选项属于无中生有的

16、错误选项；C选项“听觉辅助和视觉辅助一样重要”，录音提到一项研究测试学生在听、看和听看并用的情况下记单词的效果。结果发现，所有学生在“看”单词时，记单词的效果最好，即使自认为偏好用“听”来学习的学生也是这样。由此可见，“看”应该比“听”效果更好，因此排除C选项。4. 单选题The problem is inherent and（ ）in any democracy, but it has been more severe in ours during the past quarter-century because of the near universal denigration of go

17、vernment,politics and politicians.问题1选项A.perishableB.periodicalC.perverseD.perennial【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。perishable “易腐坏的；易毁灭的”；periodical “周期的；定期的”；perverse “堕落的，不正当的”；perennial “多年生的；常年的；长期存在的”。分析句子结构可知，填空处所填词应和前面的inherent“固有的”意思相近，所以选项D最为恰当。句意：任何民主的问题都是固有的，长期存在的，但是在过去二十五年中，由于近年来普遍对政府、政治，还有政治家的诋毁使得这个问

18、题更为严峻。所以选项D正确。5. 单选题Only a person with a pair of keen eyes could pick out those （ ） paintings from these unwanted materials.问题1选项A.valuelessB.worthlessC.pricelessD.featureless【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。valueless微不足道的;worthless一文不值的;priceless无价的, 贵重的;featureless无特色的。句意：只有一双敏锐的眼睛才能从这些多余的材料中找出那些无价的画。选项C符合句意。6. 单

19、选题The bride and the bridegroom were overwhelmed in happiness when their family offered to take them to Rome to（ ）the marriage.问题1选项A.terminateB.initiateC.consummateD.separate【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。terminate “终止，结束”；initiate “开始”；consummate “完成”；separate “分开”。句意：当听到他们的家人要带他们去罗马完婚，这对新郎新娘感到非常幸福。选项C符合题意。7. 单选题

20、Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.Few people can identify its texture.B.Few people can describe it precisely.C.Its real value is open to interpretation.D.Its importance is often over-estimated.问题2选项A.It has never seen any change.B.It has much to do with color.C

21、.It is a well-protected government secret.D.It is a subject of study by many forgers.问题3选项A.People had little faith in paper money.B.They could last longer in circulation.C.It predicted their value would increase.D.They were more difficult to counterfeit.问题4选项A.The stabilization of the dollar value.

22、B.The issuing of government securities.C.A gold standard for American currency.D.A steady appreciation of the U.S. dollar.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C【解析】Recording ThreeVirtually every American can recognize a dollar bill at a mere glance. Many can identify it by its sound or texture. 22 But few people

23、indeed can accurately describe the worlds most powerful, important currency.The American dollar bill is colored with black ink on one side and green on the other; 23 the exact composition of the paper and ink is a closely guarded government secret. Despite its weighty importance, the dollar bill act

24、ually weighs little. It requires nearly 500 bills to tip the scales at a pound. Not only is the dollar bill lightweight, but it also has a brief life span. Few dollar bills survive longer than 18 months.The word “dollar” is taken from the German word “taler”, the name for the worlds most important c

25、urrency in the 16th century. The taler was a silver coin first minted in 1580 under the reign of Charles V, Emperor of Germany.The concept of paper money is a relatively recent innovation in the history of American currency. When the Constitution was signed, 24 people had little regard for paper mon

26、ey because of its steadily decreasing value during the colonial era. Because of this lack of faith, the new American government minted only coins for common currency. Interest-bearing bank notes were issued at the same time, but their purpose was limited to providing money for urgent government cris

27、es such as American involvement in the War of 1812. The first non-interest bearing paper currency was authorized by Congress in 1862 at the height of the Civil War. At this point, citizens old fears of devalued paper currency had calmed, and the dollar bill was born. The new green-colored paper mone

28、y quickly earned the nickname “greenback”.Today, the American dollar bill is a product of the Federal Reserve, and is issued from the twelve Federal Reserve banks around the United States. The government keeps a steady supply of approximately two billion bills in circulation at all times.Controversy

29、 continues to surround the true value of the dollar bill. 25 American history has seen generations of politicians argue in favor of a gold standard for American currency. However, for the present, the American dollar bill holds the value that is printed on it, and little more. The only other guarant

30、ee on the bill is a Federal Reserve pledge as a confirmation in the form of government securities.22. What does the speaker say about the American dollar bill?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问关于美元纸币，说话人说了什么？说话人说到，很少人能准确地描述（美元纸币）这一世界上最有影响力、最重要的货币。B选项中的describe it precisely是录音原文中accurately describe的同义替换，因此B选项“很少有人能准确地

31、描述它”正确。A选项“很少有人能辨别它的质地”表述错误，录音中提及很多人能通过美元纸币的声音或质感（texture）辨别美元；C选项“美元的实际价值有待商榷”和D选项“它的重要性经常被高估”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。23. What does the speaker say about the exact composition of the American dollar bill?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问关于美元纸币具体的物质成分，说话人说了什么？说话人指出，美元纸币纸和墨的成分，是美国政府严格保守的秘密，C选项“这是政府严格保守的秘密”与原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“它

32、从来都没改变过”，录音中并没有讨论美元纸币物质成分的变化，因此可排除；B选项“它和颜色的关联很大”，录音中没有表明美元纸币的物质成分与颜色有关，因此可排除；D选项“它是许多伪造者研究的课题”录音中没有信息提及，因此可排除。24. Why did the new American government mint only coins for common currency?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问为什么新美国政府只用硬币作为流通的货币？录音提到，美国宪法签署生效的当时，人们并不尊重纸币，由于民众不信任纸币，新政府就只用硬币作为流通的货币，A选项“人们不太相信纸币”符合录音原文，因此正确。

33、B选项“硬币在流通中可以使用得更久”；C选项“新美国政府预测硬币的价值会上涨”和D选项“硬币更难伪造”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。25. What have generations of American politicians argued for?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问几代美国政客一直以来都在争论什么？录音提到，美国政客几代人以来都在讨论赞不赞成为美国货币设立金本位制。因此C选项“美国货币的金本位制”正确。A选项“美元价值的稳定”和B选项“政府证券的发行”在录音中虽有信息提及，但它们均不是美国政客几代人一直在讨论的问题；D选项“美元的稳定升值”在录音中没有信息提及，因此排除

34、。8. 单选题（ ）she was living in Paris that she met her husband Terry.问题1选项A.Just whenB.It was whileC.Soon afterD.During the time when【答案】B【解析】考查强调句型。It is +被强调部分+that+其他成分，选项B符合题意。9. 单选题Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.Their obsession with consumption.B.Their fail

35、ure to accumulate wealth.C.The ever-increasing costs of housing.D.The deterioration of the environment.问题2选项A.Things that are rare to find.B.Things that cost less money.C.Things that boost efficiency.D.Things that we cherish most.问题3选项A.They serve multiple purposes.B.They benefit the environment.C.T

36、hey are mostly durable.D.They are easily disposable.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A【解析】Recording OneDid you know that Americans have approximately three times the amount of space we have fifty years ago? Therefore, youd think wed have sufficient room for all of our possessions. On the contrary, the personal sto

37、rage business is now a growing industry. Weve got triple the space, but 16 weve become such enthusiastic consumers that we require even more. This phenomenon has resulted in significant credit card debt, enormous environmental footprints, and perhaps not coincidentally, our happiness levels have fai

38、led to increase over the same half century.Im here to suggest an alternativethat having less might actually be a preferable decision. Many of us have experienced, at some stage, the pleasure of possessing less. I propose that less stuff and less space can not only help you economize, but also simpli

39、fy your life. I recently started an innovative project to discover some creative solutions that offered me everything I required. By purchasing an apartment that was 40 square meters instead of 60, I immediately saved $200,000. Smaller space leads to reduced utility bills and also a smaller carbon f

40、ootprint because its designed around an edited collection of possessions, limited to my favorite stuff. Im really excited to live there.How can we live more basically? Firstly, we must ruthlessly cut the unnecessary objects out of our lives. To stem consumption, we should think before we buy, and as

41、k ourselves, “will it truly make me happier?” Obviously, we should possess some great stuff, 17 but we want belongings that were going to love for years. Secondly, we require space efficiency. We want appliances that are designed for use most of the time, not for occasional use. Why own a six-burner

42、 stove when you rarely use even three burners? Finally, 18 we need multifunctional spaces and housewares. I combined a movable wall with transforming furniture to get more out of my limited space. Consider my coffee table. It increases in size to accommodate ten. My office is tugged away, easily hid

43、den. My bed simply pops out the wall. For gas, I can relocate the movable wall and utilize the foldable guest beds I installed.Im not saying, we should all live in tinier apartments, but consider the benefits of an edited life. When you return home and walk through your front door, take a moment to

44、ask yourselves, “could I do with a little life editing? Will that give me more freedom and more time?”16. What has prevented Americans happiness levels from increasing?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问是什么阻碍了美国人幸福水平的提高？录音提到，这一现象导致了大量的信用卡债务而且也许并非巧合的是，我们的幸福水平在过去的半个世纪里并没有提高。这一现象即上一句提到的：我们已经成为如此热情的消费者。A选项“他们（美国人）对消费的痴迷”是

45、对原文weve become such enthusiastic consumers的同义转述，因此正确。B选项“他们没有积累财富”和C项“日益增长的住房成本”在录音中没有信息提及；D选项“环境的恶化”，利用environment设置干扰，录音原文所说的是大量环境足迹而不是环境恶化，因此D选项不正确。17. What things should we possess according to the speaker?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问根据说话者的说法，我们应该拥有哪些东西？录音中说话者提到：显然，我们应该拥有一些很棒的东西，但我们想要的是能让我们喜欢多年的东西。因此D选项“我们最

46、珍惜的东西”正确。A选项“很难找到的东西”和B选项“花费较少的东西”在录音中并未提及；C选项“能提高效率的东西”，利用录音中的efficiency设置干扰，录音中只是提到我们需要空间效率，选项与原文表述不符，因此排除。18. What do we learn about the items in the speakers home?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问我们从说话者家里的物品中了解到什么？录音中提到说话人认为我们需要更多的空间以及多功能的家庭用品，接着讲述了自己家里的物品，他把活动墙和改造家具结合起来，让有限的空间得到更多的利用，由此可知，作者家中的物品有多种用途，因此A选项正确。B

47、选项“它们对环境有益”；C选项“它们大多是耐用的”；D选项“它们很容易被丢弃”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。10. 单选题Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.It may put too much pressure on team members.B.It may harm the culture of todays workplace.C.It may hinder individual career advancement.D.It may result in unwillin

48、gness to take risks.问题2选项A.They can hardly give expression to their original views.B.They may eventually lose their confidence and creativity.C.They can become less motivated to do projects of their own.D.They may find it hard to get their contributions recognized.问题3选项A.They can get chances to enga

49、ge in research.B.They can enlarge their professional circle.C.They can complete the project more easily.D.They can make the best use of their expertise.25.问题4选项A.It may prevent making a timely decision.B.It may cause lots of arguments in a team.C.It may deprive a team of business opportunities.D.It

50、may give rise to a lot of unnecessary expenses.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A【解析】Recording ThreeToday Id like to talk about the dangers of being too collaborative. Being a good team player is a central skill in our modern workplace. The ability to work well with others and collaborate on projects is a sou

51、ght-after ability in nearly every position. However, 22 placing too much emphasis on being a good team player can negatively affect your career growth.Dont be overly focused on gaining consensus. Dont be too concerned with the opinions of others. This can hinder your ability to make decisions, speak

52、 up and gain recognition for your individual skills and strengths.Some people are too subordinate to others opinions, too focused on decision consensus, too silent about their own point of view, too agreeable to take things on when they dont have time or energy. This leads to building a brand of und

53、erconfident, submissive, low-impact non-leaders and hampers then-growth and career advancement.23 Collaboration certainly makes your individual competencies and contributions more difficult for outsiders to identify. Collaborative projects mean youre sharing the spotlight with others. Outsiders may

54、then find it difficult to determine your contributions and strengths. This may end up costing you opportunities for promotions or pay raises. You certainly shouldnt ditch teamwork, but how can you avoid the hazards of being an over-collaborator?Working in a team can have huge benefits. Your team may

55、 have repeated successes and often gain recognition, 24 you then have more opportunities to expand your professional network than if you worked alone. However, finding a balance between team efforts and individual projects that give you independent recognition is important for making a name for your

56、self and providing opportunities for advancement.Be selective in who you work with. This will maximize the benefits and minimize the downsides of being a team player. Collaborate with people who have complementary expertise. Select projects where theres potential for mutual benefit. Perhaps youre br

57、inging your unique knowledge and gaining access to someone elses professional network. Or maybe youre able to learn a new skill by working with someone. Seek out your teammates purposefully rather than jumping on every new group project opportunity.When were too collaborative, we want everyone to ag

58、ree with a decision before we proceed. 25 This can create unnecessary delays as you hold meetings trying to achieve consensus. Its fine to be collaborative when seeking input, but put a deadline on the input stage and arrive at a decision, even if its a decision that doesnt have consensus.22. What d

59、oes the speaker say about being over collaborative?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问的是录音中给出的关于过度合作的信息。录音开头提到过于强调成为一个好的团队成员会对职业发展产生负面影响，这里placing too much emphasis on being a good team player即问题中所说的being over collaborative, 因此C选项“可能阻碍个人职业发展”符合原文。A选项“它可能给团队成员带来太大压力”；B选项“它可能会损害当今的职场文化”和D选项“它可能会导致人们不愿意冒险”在录音中均未提及。23. Wh

60、at does the speaker say about people engaged in collaborative projects?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问关于参与合作项目的人，说话者说了什么？录音提到，合作会使个人能力和个人贡献更难被外人发现（makes your individual competencies and contributions more difficult for outsiders to identify）。D选项“他们可能会发现自己的贡献很难被识别出来”与之表述相符，因此正确。A选项“他们几乎不能表达他们原来的观点”，录音说的是“他们太过隐藏自己的观

61、点”（too silent about their own point of view），因此A选项不正确；录音中只是提到了underconfident（信心不足），并没有提到“合作”对创造力和动力的影响，因此B选项“他们最终可能会失去信心和创造力”和C选项“他们会变得更没有动力去做自己的项目”均不正确。24. How do people benefit from working in a team?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问人们从团队合作中得到什么益处？录音提到，在团队中工作有很大的好处团队也许会多次获得成功，并经常获得认可，团队成员便有更多的机会来扩大其职业关系网（expand yo

62、ur professional network），因此B选项“他们可以扩大自己的职业圈子”与之表述相符。A选项“他们可能有机会从事研究工作”这一信息在录音中并未提及；C选项“他们可以更容易地完成项目”，录音中没有对比个人项目和团队项目哪个更容易完成，因此可排除；D选项“他们可以充分利用自己的专业知识”，利用录音中的expertise设置干扰，录音中指的是与专业知识互补的人合作（Collaborate with people who have complementary expertise），而不是利用自己的专业知识，因此D选项也不正确。25. Why is it undesirable to

63、spend too much time trying to reach consensus?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问为什么花太多时间以求达成共识会令人讨厌？录音最后提到，当我们过度合作时，会希望每个人都同意某个决定，而这会造成不必要的延误（create unnecessary delays），也就是说“可能会妨碍我们及时做出决定”，因此A选项正确。B选项“可能会在团队中引起很多争论”在录音中未提及；C选项“可能剥夺团队的商业机会”，主要是利用录音中的opportunities for advancement（晋升机会）和group project opportunity（团队项目机会）设干扰，但这些不等同于C选项中的business opportunities（商业机会），因此C选项不能选；D选项“可能会产生很多不必要的费用”在录音中也没有信息提及。11. 单选题Many citizens appealed to the city government for enacting （ ） laws to protect t