2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第148期

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1、2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Although we tried to concentrate on the lecture, we were （ ）by the noise from the next room.问题1选项A.displacedB.distractedC.dispersedD.discarded【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。displace “取代”；distract “分心”；disperse “分散，传播”；discard “丢弃”。句意：尽管我们尽力将精力集中在讲座上，但注意力还是被隔壁房间的噪声给分散了。选项B符合

2、题意。2. 单选题Eye contact is important because wrong contact may create a communication （ ）.问题1选项A.tragedyB.vacuumC.questionD.barrier【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。tragedy悲剧，灾难；vacuum真空；question问题，疑问；barrier障碍，界线。句意：眼神交流很重要，因为错误的眼神交流可能会造成沟通障碍。选项D符合句意。3. 单选题Tom, did it ever （ ）to you that you would be punished for cheati

3、ng on exams?问题1选项A.happenB.occurC.reflectD.strike【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。happen “发生,碰巧”；occur “发生，出现”；reflect “反应”；strike “撞击；罢工”。句意：汤姆，你是否曾想过会因为考试作弊受到处罚呢？occur to “想起，突然想起”。选项B符合题意。4. 单选题The successful cooperation between the two countries should be based on （ ）respect and help.问题1选项A.respectiveB.mutualC

4、.simultaneousD.separate【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。respective意为“各自的，分别的”；mutual意为“相互的，彼此的，共有的”；simultaneous意为“同时发生（或进行）的，同步的”；separate意为“独立的，分开的”。句意：两个国家之间的成功合作应建立在相互尊重和帮助的基础上。5. 单选题For most people, shopping is still a matter of wandering down the high street or loading a cart in a shopping mall. Soon, that wi

5、ll change. Electronic commerce is growing fast and will soon bring people more choice. There will, however, be a cost; protecting the consumer from fraud will be harder. Many governments therefore want to extend high-street regulations to the electronic world. But politicians would be wiser to see c

6、yberspace as a basis for a new era of corporate self-regulation.Consumers in rich countries have grown used to the idea that the government takes responsibility for everything from the stability of the banks to the safety of the drugs, or their rights to refund when goods are faulty. But governments

7、 cannot enforce national laws on businesses whose only presence in their country is on a screen. Other countries have regulators, but the rules of consumer protection differ, as does enforcement. Even where a clear right to compensation exists, the on-line catalogue customer in Tokyo, say, can hardl

8、y go to New York to extract a refund for a dud purchase.One answer is for governments to cooperate more: to recognize each others rules. But that requires years of work and volumes of detailed rules. And plenty of countries have rules too fanciful for sober states to accept. There is, however, an al

9、ternative. Let the electronic businesses do the “regulation” themselves. They do, after all, have a self-interest in doing so.In electronic commerce, a reputation for honest dealing will be a valuable competitive asset. Governments, too, may compete to be trusted. For instance, customers ordering me

10、dicines on-line may prefer to buy from the United States because they trust the rigorous screening of the Food and Drug Administration; or they may decide that the FDAs rules are too strict, and buy from Switzerland instead.Consumers will still need to use their judgment. But precisely because the t

11、echnology is new, electronic shoppers are likely for a while to be a lot more cautious than consumers of the normal sortand the new technology will also make it easier for them to complain noisily when a company lets them down. In this way, at least, the advent of cyberspace may argue for fewer cons

12、umer protection laws, not more.1.According to the author, what will be the best policy for electronic commerce?2.In case an electronic shopper bought faulty goods from a foreign country, what could he do in the present circumstances?3.In the authors view, businesses would place a high premium on hon

13、est dealing because in the electronic world（ ）.4.We can infer from the passage that in licensing new drugs the FDA in the United States is（ ）.5.The world “cyberspace” in the last paragraph probably refers to（ ）.问题1选项A.Self-regulation by the businesses.B.Strict consumer protection laws.C.Close intern

14、ational cooperation.D.Government protection.问题2选项A.Refuse to pay for the purchaseB.Go to the seller and ask for a refundC.Appeal to consumer protection lawsD.Complain about it via electronic mail问题3选项A.international cooperation would be much more enhancedB.consumers could easily seek government prot

15、ectionC.a good reputation is a great advantage in competitionD.it would be easy for consumers to complain问题4选项A.very quickB.very cautiousC.very slowD.rather careless问题5选项A.the outer spaceB.artificial intelligenceC.the commercial worldD.computer networks【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第三

16、段中的内容为：答案之一是各国政府更多地合作：承认彼此的规则。但这需要多年的工作和大量的详细规则。而且许多国家的规则对此来说都太不切实际了。然而，还有一种选择。让电子企业自己做“监管”，毕竟，这样做对他们是有利的。句中的“regulation” themselves即self-regulation，因此选A。第2题:细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的the new technology will also make it easier for them to complain noisily when a company lets them down（新技术还将使他们更容易在公司让他们失望时大声抱怨

17、）可知D选项“通过电子邮件抱怨”符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。由文章第四段中的In electronic commerce, a reputation for honest dealing will be a valuable competitive asset.（在电子商务中，诚实交易的声誉将是一种有价值的竞争资产）可知C选项“良好的声誉是竞争中的一大优势”符合题意。第4题:推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的For instance, customers ordering medicines on-line may prefer to buy from the United States be

18、cause they trust the rigorous screening of the Food and Drug Administration; or they may decide that the FDAs rules are too strict, and buy from Switzerland instead.（例如，在线订购药品的客户可能更喜欢从美国购买药品，因为他们相信食品药品监督管理局的严格审查；或者他们可能认为FDA的规定过于严格，而选择从瑞士购买）可知FDA对药品的管理非常严格和谨慎，因此选B。第5题:词义题。文章主要介绍了电子商务交易存在的问题，故cyberspa

19、ce与electronic commerce（电子商务）和the electronic world（电子世界）有关，而电子商务、电子世界是通过计算机网络进行的，因此选D。6. 单选题Operations which left patients （ ）and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable.问题1选项A.exhaustedB.abandonedC.injuredD.deserted【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。exhausted精疲力尽的；abando

20、ned被抛弃的；injured受伤的；deserted荒芜的，被遗弃的。句意：过去手术使病人精疲力尽，需要很长时间来恢复，现在手术使他们感到放松和舒适。选项A符合语境。7. 单选题（ ）students should be motivated by a keen interest in theatre and should have some familiarity with plays in production.问题1选项A.ProspectiveB.ResponsibleC.EthnicD.Realistic【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。Prospective未来的，预期的；Respo

21、nsible负责的，可靠的；Ethnic种族的；Realistic现实的。句意：未来的学生应该对戏剧有浓厚的兴趣，并对戏剧创作有一定的了解。选项A更符合语境。8. 单选题Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors expanded （ ）27%.问题1选项A.byB.forC.toD.in【答案】A【解析】介词辨析题。expand by“增加了”；expand for“扩展为”；expand to“增加到”；expand in“在中增加”。句意：在1974年到1997年间，海外游客的数量增加了27%。选项A符合语境。9. 单选题

22、My boss has failed me so many times that I no longer place any （ ）on what he promises.问题1选项A.assuranceB.probabilityC.relianceD.conformity【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。assurance “保证，担保”；probability“可能性，机率”；reliance“信赖，信心”；conformity“遵守，适合，符合”。句意：我老板已经让我失望太多次，我不会再对他的承诺抱任何希望。选项C符合题意。10. 单选题When I went into the din

23、ing room the next morning, the（ ） of the dinner were still on the table.问题1选项A.remainsB.reliesC.remnantsD.surplus【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。remain “遗迹，剩余物”；rely “依靠”；remnant “剩余”；surplus “剩余；顺差”。句意：当我第二天早上去餐厅时，昨天晚餐剩下的东西还在桌上。选项A符合题意。11. 单选题The British Library （ ）the right to a free copy of every new book publ

24、ished in the United Kingdom.问题1选项A.containsB.retiresC.retainsD.conveys【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。contain意为“包含，容纳”；retire意为“退休”；retain意为“保持，保留”；convey意为“传达，传递”。句意：在英国出版的每一版新书，大英博物馆都拥有免费获得一册的权利。12. 单选题AIDS activists permanently changed and shortened Americas （ ）process for testing and approving new drugs of all

25、kinds, for all diseases.问题1选项A.efficientB.stagnantC.complexD.appropriate【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。efficient有效率的；stagnant停滞的，不景气的；complex复杂的，合成的；appropriate适当的。句意：艾滋病活动人士永久性地改变并缩短了美国测试和批准用于治疗各种疾病的各种新药的复杂过程。选项C符合句意。13. 翻译题Marketing is important to organizations and consumers alike. It touches the lives of all m

26、embers of society. All the goods and services you buy, the stores where you shop and the radio and TV programs paid for by advertising are there because of marketing. Each of you has been involved in marketing activities at one time or another. Perhaps you have tried to sell a used textbook back to

27、the campus book store or to convince your parents to finance a spring vacation. You may not have known it at the time, but you were performing marketing activities. Marketing often has special importance for students. Many of you will work in marketingwhether in sales, retailing, advertising, or ano

28、ther field-in a for-profit firm or a nonprofit organization. Through this chapter you will find some information in different areas of marketingin sales, advertising, marketing concept, marketing mix, marketing research, understanding buyer behavior, market segmentation(细分)and other areas.What does

29、a business firm do in our economy? Reduced to basics, businesses have two major functions: production of goods or creation of services and marketing those goods and services. To be successful in todays competitive marketplace, people in business realize that they must first determine peoples needs a

30、nd wants, and then produce goods and services to satisfy them. A company, whether it is Ford Motor Company or a small retailer, is in business to create want-satisfying goods and services for its customers. Goods and services that do not satisfy consumers are forced out from the market, since consum

31、ers do not buy them.【答案】市场营销对组织来说很重要，对于消费者来说也同样重要。它涉及所有社会成员的生活。你购买的所有商品和服务，购物的商店，以及通过广告付费的广播和电视节目，都是源于市场营销。你们每个人都曾或多或少地接触过营销活动。也许你试图把一本用过的教科书卖给校园书店，或者说服你的父母为你的春节假期提供资金。你当时可能不知道，但你确实在进行营销活动。市场营销对学生来说往往具有特殊的重要性。你们中的许多人将在营利性公司或非营利性组织从事市场营销工作，无论是销售、零售、广告推销还是其他领域。经过这一时期，你会发现不同领域市场营销的一些信息，如销售、广告、营销概念、营销组合

32、、市场调研、消费者行为分析、市场细分等其他领域。企业在我们的经济中扮演什么样的角色呢？从根本上来说，企业有两个主要功能：生产商品或创造服务，以及对这些商品和服务进行市场营销。为了在当今竞争激烈的市场中取得成功，商界人士意识到他们必须首先确定人们的需求，然后生产商品和服务来满足这些需求。任何一家公司，无论是福特汽车公司还是一家小型零售商，都致力于为客户创造满足需求的商品和服务。无法让消费者满意的商品和服务将被市场淘汰，因为消费者不会购买。14. 单选题In some ways, the Unites States has made spectacular progress. Fires no l

33、onger destroy 18.000 buildings as they did in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, or kill half a town of 2,400 people, as they did the same night in Peshtigo, Wisconsin. Other than the Beverly Hill Supper Club fire in Kentucky in 1977, it has been four decades since more than 100 Americans dies in a fir

34、e.But even with such successes the United States still has one of the worst fire death rates in the world. Safety experts say the problem is neither money nor technology, but the indifference of a country that just will not take fires seriously enough.American fire departments are some of the worlds

35、 fastest and best equipped. They have to be. The United States has twice Japans population, and 40 times as many fires. It spends far less on preventing fires than on fighting them. And American fire-safety lessons are aimed almost entirely at children, who die in disproportionately large numbers in

36、 fires but who, contrary to popular myth, start very few of them.Experts say the fatal error is an attitude that fires are not really anyones fault. That is not so in other countries, where both public education and the law treat fires as either a personal failing or a crime. Japan has many wood hou

37、ses; of the estimated 48 fires in world history, that burned more than 10,000 buildings, Japan has had 27 Penalties for causing a severe fire by negligence can be as high as life imprisonment.In the United States, most education dollars are spent in elementary school. But the lessons are aimed at a

38、too limited audience; just 9 percent of all fire deaths are caused by children playing with matches.The Unites States continues to rely more on technology than laws or social pressure. There are smoke detectors in 85 percent of all homes. Some local buildings codes now require home sprinklers. New h

39、eaters and irons shut themselves off if they are tipped.1.The reason why so many Americans die in fires is that （ ）.2.Although the fire death rate has declined the United States（ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that（ ）.4.What aspects of fire safety and prevention should the United States lea

40、rn from Japan?5.To narrow the gap between the fire death rate in the United States and in other countries, the author suggests（ ）.问题1选项A.they took no interest in new technologyB.they didnt attach great importance to preventing firesC.they showed indifference to fighting firesD.they didnt spend enoug

41、h money on fire facilities问题2选项A.still has the worst fire death rate in the world.B.is still alert to the fire problemC.is still training a large number of safety expertsD.is still confronted with the serious fire problem问题3选项A.fire safety lessons should be aimed at American adultsB.American childre

42、n have not received enough education of fire safety lessonsC.Japan is better equipped with fire facilities than the Unites StalesD.Americas large population accounts for high fire frequency问题4选项A.Architecture and building materialsB.Education and technologyC.Laws and attitudeD.All of the above问题5选项A

43、.developing new technologyB.counting more on laws and social pressureC.placing a fire extinguisher in every familyD.reinforcing the safeness of household appliances【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由文章第二段中的Safety experts say the problem is neither money nor technology, but the indifference

44、of a country that just will not take fires seriously enough.（安全专家说，问题既不是金钱，也不是技术，而是一个对火灾不够重视的国家的冷漠）和第三段中的It spends far less on preventing fires than on fighting them.（它在预防火灾方面比在灭火中花费的要少得多）可知美国火灾多的原因是他们不够重视预防火灾，因此选B。第2题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中的But even with such successes the United States still has one of the

45、 worst fire death rates in the world.（但即使如此成功，美国仍然是世界上火灾死亡率最高的国家之一）可知D选项“仍然面临着严重的火灾问题”符合题意。第3题:推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的In the United States, most education dollars are spent in elementary school. But the lessons are aimed at a too limited audience; just 9 percent of all fire deaths are caused by children pl

46、aying with matches.（在美国，大部分教育费用都花在小学上。但是，这些课程的目标受众太少，只有9%的火灾死亡是由玩火柴的儿童造成的）可知A选项“消防安全课程应针对美国成年人”符合题意。第4题:推理判断题。由文章第四段中的Experts say the fatal error is an attitude that fires are not really anyones fault. That is not so in other countries, where both public education and the law treat fires as either a

47、 personal failing or a crime.Japan has had 27 Penalties for causing a severe fire by negligence can be as high as life imprisonment.（专家说，致命的错误是一种态度，即火灾不是任何人的过错。在其他国家情况并非如此，在这些国家，公共教育和法律都将火灾视为个人过失或犯罪日本已经有27项因过失引起严重火灾的处罚，最高可达无期徒刑）可知C选项“法律和态度”符合题意。第5题:细节事实题。通读全文，可知作者对文章最后一段中的The Unites States continues

48、 to rely more on technology than laws or social pressure.（美国继续更多地依赖技术，而不是法律或社会压力）这种“不依靠法律或社会压力”的观点是不赞成，认为需要依靠法律和社会压力来减少美国火灾的发生，因此选B。15. 单选题The journalist got the （ ）news that the famous actress would change her husband for the seventh time.问题1选项A.sentimentalB.sensationalC.sensibleD.sensitive【答案】B【解析

49、】考查形容词辨析。sentimental意为“伤感的，多情的，多愁善感的”；sensational意为“轰动的，引起哗然的”；sensible意为“明智的，理智的，合理的”；sensitive意为“敏感的，易受伤害的”。句意：这位记者得到了一个轰动的消息，那就是这位著名女演员将第七次更换丈夫。16. 单选题Russian and Norwegian scientists have reported finding stone objects and animal bones in the far north of European Russia. The scientists say the

50、objects provide the first evidence that ancient hunters lived in the area more than 30 thousand years ago. They say this is at least 15 thousand years earlier than experts had thought.The Russian and Norwegian team worked at a camp along the Usa River and the Arctic Circle. The scientists say they f

51、ound several ancient stone tools. They also found 123 bones from animals such as horses, reindeer and wolves.The scientists say their most important discovery was a tusk from an ancient elephant called a mammoth（猛码）.The huge, curved tooth was more than 1 meter long. The tusk is covered with small cu

52、ts. The scientists believe humans made the marks with sharp-edged stone tools.The scientists used a process known as radiocarbon（放射性碳）dating to measure the age of the tusk. Radiocarbon dating shows the level of a radioactive form of carbon in a substance. The tests showed the tusk is about 36 thousa

53、nd years old.The scientists say they are not sure what kind of humans left the stone objects and bones along the river. They said the people were either early humans called Neanderthals（穴居人）or modern humans.Modem humans spread through Europe and Asia 30 thousand years ago. The scientists say the anc

54、ient people needed a high level of social development to survive in the extremely cold environment.The objects were discovered about 300 kilometers northeast of another area where scientists say humans once lived. That area has objects more closely linked to modem humans. Those objects are believed

55、to be about 28 thousand years old.Nature magazine also published a report by John Gowlett of the University of Liverpool in England. He said the discovery shows the ability of early humans to do the unexpected. He also said the discovery should renew debate about the effects of the climate on the mo

56、vements of early human population.1.Before the finding of stone objects and animal bones in the north of European Russia, some experts thought human beings lived in that area about （ ）.2.The following statements are true about the significance of this finding EXCEPT that（ ）.3.Which is the most impor

57、tant discovery among the findings?4.How old is the tusk? About（ ）years old.5.Which would be the best title of the passage?问题1选项A.10 thousand years agoB.15 thousand years agoC.28 thousand years agoD.20 thousand years ago问题2选项A.it brings forwards the time in which ancient hunters lived in the areaB.it

58、 provides the evidence of a high level of ancient human societyC.it showed the unexpected ability of the early humansD.it indicates the effect of climate on the movement of early human population问题3选项A.A mammoth tusk covered with small cuts.B.Ancient stone tools.C.123 bones from animals.D.A long ele

59、phant tusk.问题4选项A.25 thousandB.28 thousandC.40 thousandD.36 thousand问题5选项A.New Discovery of Ancient Human BeingsB.Evidence of Ancient HuntersC.Unexpected Surviving Abilities of Ancient Human BeingsD.New Findings of Ancient Animals【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】第1题:判断推理题。根据第一段最后两句“The scientists sa

60、y the objects provide the first evidence that ancient hunters lived in the area more than 30 thousand years ago. They say this is at least 15 thousand years earlier than experts had thought.”科学家说，这些物体提供了第一手证据，证明古代猎人在3万多年前就生活在这个地区。他们说，这至少比专家们预想的早了1.5万年。由此可知，专家们预想的人类生活在这个地区的时间是在3万减去1.5万等于1.5万年以前，也就是15

61、 thousand years ago，所以选项B正确。第2题:判断推理题。根据倒数第三段的内容“The scientists say the ancient people needed a high level of social development to survive in the extremely cold environment.”科学家们说，古人需要高度的社会发展才能在极端寒冷的环境中生存。由此可知，古代社会并没有高度发展所以选项B不正确。第3题:细节事实题。根据关键词“most important discovery”定位到第三段第一句“The scientists say

62、 their most important discovery was a tusk from an ancient elephant called a mammoth.The tusk is covered with small cuts.”科学家们表示，他们最重要的发现是一头名为猛犸象的古代大象的长牙。.长牙上有很多小切口。由此可知，选项A符合原文。第4题:细节事实题。根据第四段最后一句“The tests showed the tusk is about 36 thousand years old.”测试显示，这只象牙大约有3.6万年的历史。选项D符合原文。第5题:主旨大意题。原文第一段指出科学家在欧洲北部发现了很多有关古代猎人的证据，接下来的段落具体阐述和分析这些证据，最后得出结论，这些证据也体现了环境对早期人类迁徙的影响。由此可知，本文的主要内容是关于古代猎人的证据，选项B最为恰当。17. 单选题I will hold you personally （ ）if anything goes wrong in this project.