2022年考博英语-西南交通大学考试题库及模拟押密卷64（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-西南交通大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题If a person talks about his weakness, the listener is expected to say something in the way of （ ）.问题1选项A.assuranceB.encouragementC.persuasionD.confirmation【答案】B【解析】句意:如果一个人谈论自己的弱点，那么他就会期望听者说些鼓励的话。考查名词辨析。assurance 保证;担保;encouragement 鼓励；persuasion 劝服；confirmatio

2、n 确认;证实。因此B符合句意。2. 单选题Their products are frequently overpriced and （ ） in quality.问题1选项A.influentialB.inferiorC.superiorD.subordinate【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项influential“有影响的；有势力的”；B选项inferior“差的；自卑的；下级的”；C选项superior“ 上级的；优秀的，出众的”；D选项subordinate“从属的，隶属的；次要的”。句意：他们的产品时常定价过高且质量很差。并列连词and连接“定价过高的”和空格，因此空格处填

3、入B项合适。3. 单选题（ ） these questions may sound academic, answers to them could have profound economic and political significance.问题1选项A.SinceB.WhileC.UnlessD.Lest【答案】B【解析】考查连词辨析。A选项since“ 自以来；因为”；B选项while“虽然，然而，当 的时候”；C选项unless“除非；若非”；D选项lest“ 唯恐，以免”。句意：虽然这些问题听起来是学术的，但是它们的答案可能有深远的经济和政治意义。前后句子存在转折关系，因此B项正

4、确。4. 单选题As a（ ）actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments.问题1选项A.flexibleB.versatileC.sophisticatedD.productive【答案】B【解析】句意:作为一个多才多艺的演员，他能表演、唱歌、跳舞和演奏多种乐器。考查形容词辨析。flexible 灵活的,柔韧的；versatile 多才多艺的，万能的，通用的；sophisticated 复杂的，久经世故的，富有经验的；productive 多产的，富有成效的。根据后面句意 “他

5、能表演、唱歌、跳舞和演奏多种乐器”可知B项正确。5. 单选题Japanese firms have achieved the highest levels of manufacturing efficiency in the world automobile industry. Some observers of Japan have assumed that Japanese firms use the same manufacturing equipments and techniques as United States firms, but have benefited from th

6、e unique characteristics of Japanese employees and the Japanese culture. However, if this were true, then one would expect Japanese auto plants in the United States to perform no better than factories run by United States companies. This is not the case. Japanese-run automobile plants located in the

7、 United States and staffed by local workers have demonstrated higher levels of productivity when compared with factories owned by United States companies.Other observers link high Japanese productivity to higher levels of capital investment per worker. But a historical perspective leads to a differe

8、nt conclusion. When the two top Japanese automobile makers matched and then doubled United States productivity levels in the mid-sixties, capital investment per employee was comparable to that of United States firms. Furthermore, by the late seventies, the amount of fixed assets required to produce

9、one vehicle was roughly equivalent in Japan and in the United States. Since capital investment was not higher in Japan, it had to be other factors that led to higher productivity.A more fruitful explanation may lie with Japanese production techniques. Japanese automobile producers did not simply imp

10、lement conventional processes more effectively: they made critical changes in United States procedures. For instance, the mass-production philosophy of United States automakers encouraged the production of huge lots of cars in order to utilize fully expensive, component-specific equipment and to occ

11、upy fully workers who have been trained to execute one operation efficiently. Japanese automakers chose to make small-lot production feasible by introducing several departures from United States practices, including the use of flexible equipment that could be altered easily to do several different p

12、roduction tasks and the training of workers in multiple jobs. Automakers could schedule the production of different components or models on single machines, thereby eliminating the need to store the buffer stocks of extra components that result when specialized equipment and workers are kept constan

13、tly active.1.The primary purpose of the passage is to（ ）.2.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of Japanese automobile workers?3.Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph?4.What is the problem that is associated with the production o

14、f huge lots of cars is which of the following?5.Which of the following statements is supported by information stated in the passage?问题1选项A.present the major steps of a processB.clarify an ambiguityC.chronicle a disputeD.correct misconceptions问题2选项A.Their productivity levels did not equal those of Un

15、ited States automobile workers until the late seventies.B.Their high efficiency levels are a direct result of cultural influences.C.They operate component-specific machinery.D.They are trained to do more than one job.问题3选项A.A topical theme is presented followed by supporting examples.B.Opposing view

16、s are presented, classified and then reconciled.C.A fact is stated, and an explanation is advanced and then refuted.D.A theory is proposed, considered and then amended.问题4选项A.The need to manufacture flexible machinery and equipmentB.The need to store extra components not required for immediate useC.

17、The need for expensive training programs for workers, which emphasize the development of facility in several production jobs.D.The need to alter conventional mass-production processes问题5选项A.Japanese and United States automakers differ in their approach to production processes.B.Japanese automakers h

18、ave perfected the use of single-function equipment.C.Japanese automakers invest more capital per employee than do United States automakers.D.United States-owned factories abroad have higher production levels than do Japanese owned plants in the United States.【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】第1题:主旨大意

19、题。文章开头提出了话题: 在世界汽车行业中日本公司的生产效率最高。第一段、第二段分别探讨了针对此话题的两种观点并一一驳斥。第三段再提出正确观点。因此，D项“更正错误的想法”比较能概括文章目的。第2题:细节事实题。最后一段指出: Japanese automakers chose to make small-lot production feasible by introducing several departures from United States practices, including the use of flexible equipment that could be alte

20、red easily to do several different production tasks and the training of workers in multiple jobs (日本汽车制造商选择通过引入几项与美国不同的做法，使小批量生产成为可能，包括使用灵活的设备，这些设备可以很容易地改变，以完成几项不同的生产任务，并培训从事多种工作的工人)，因此，D项“他们（即日本汽车工人）被培训去做不止一项工作”正确。第3题:判断推理题。第一段先陈述事实:日本企业在世界汽车企业生产效率中达到最高水平，随后针对这个事实进行解释，最后反驳:情况不是这样。因此，C项“陈述一个事实；接着进行解

21、释，然后进行反驳”正确。第4题:细节事实题。最后一段指出: thereby eliminating the need to store the buffer stocks of extra components that result when specialized equipment and workers are kept constantly active (从而消除了去储存额外部件缓冲库存的需要，而该需求产生于特定的设备和工人被保持不断工作时)。因此，B项“需要储存不被立刻需要的额外部件”正确。第5题:细节事实题。最后一段指出: A more fruitful explanation

22、 may lie with Japanese production techniques. Japanese automobile producers did not simply implement conventional processes more effectively: they made critical changes in United States procedures (一个更有成效的解释可能在于日本人的生产技术。日本汽车生产商并没有简单地更有效地实施传统流程：他们在美国的做法上进行了重大的变革)，由此可知A项“日本和美国汽车制造商在他们的生产流程上有差异”正确。6. 单

23、选题Lately, the restaurant chain, which（ ）mainly to blue-collar diners, has been hurt by competition.问题1选项A.catersB.fabricatesC.facilitatesD.flees【答案】A【解析】句意:最近，这家主要面向蓝领食客的连锁餐厅由于竞争而遭受损失。考查动词辨析。cater 迎合;满足需要；fabricate 伪造;facilitate 帮助; 促进；flee 逃跑。根据题干关键词restaurant “餐馆”及blue-collar dinner“蓝领用餐者”可知A符合句意。

24、7. 单选题The shift from the more political to the more individualistic view of liberty may be seen in how the constitutional guarantees with respect to speech and the press are typically spoken of in the United States today. Restraints upon speaking and publishing, and indeed upon action generally, are

25、 fewer than at any time in the history of the country. This absence of restraints is reflected as well in the very terms in which these rights and privileges are described. What would once have been referred to as “freedom of speech and of the press” (drawing upon the language of the First Amendment

26、 to the Constitution of the United States) is now often referred to as “freedom of expression”.To make much of freedom of expression is to encourage a liberation of the self from the constraints of the community. It even can assume that the self has, intrinsic to it or somehow available to it, indep

27、endent of any social guidance, intimations of what it is and what it wants. Thus, liberation may be seen in the currently fashionable insistence upon “doing ones own thing” -which can include a reliance upon standards and objectives that are solely ones own. It is difficult, in such circumstances, t

28、o avoid a radical subjectivism that tends to result in thoroughgoing relativism with respect to moral and political judgments. One consequence of this approach is to identify an ever-expanding array of forms of expression that are believed to be entitled to immunity from government regulation.On the

29、 other hand, if the emphasis is placed upon the more traditional language, “freedom of speech and of the press”，the requirements and prerogatives of a self-governing people are apt to be made more of. This means, among other things, that a people must be prepared and equipped to make effective use o

30、f its considerable political power. Even those rulers who act without the authority of the people must take care to shape their people in accordance with the needs and circumstances of their regime. This kind of effort need not be altogether selfish on the part of such rulers, since all regimes do h

31、ave an interest in law and order, in common decency, and in a routine reliability or loyalty.What is particularly difficult to argue for, and to maintain, is an arrangement that, while it leaves a people clearly free politically to discuss fully all matters of public interest with a view toward gove

32、rning itself, routinely disciplines and otherwise prepares that same people for an effective exercise of its considerable freedom. In such circumstances, it is tempting for a people to take the case for, and the rhetoric of the liberty one step further -and thus to insist that no one, should try to

33、tell anyone else what kind of human being he should be. Yet cannot it be said that only they are truly free who know what they are doing and who choose to do what is right? All others are, in varying degrees, prisoners of illusions and appetites, however much they may believe themselves to be freely

34、 expressing themselves.There are, then two related sets of concerns evident in any consideration today of the forms and uses of censorship. One set of concerns has to do with the everyday governance of the community; the other, with the permanent shaping of the character of the people. The former is

35、 more political in its methods, the latter is more educational.1.In the United State,（ ）.2.Freedom expression represents（ ）.3.It is TRUE that（ ）.4.In the authors opinion,（ ）.5.Which of the following statement can be inferred from the passage?问题1选项A.there is an absolute absence of restraints upon spe

36、aking and publishingB.there are no more restraints upon speaking and publishing than at any time in historyC.there are no fewer restraints upon speaking and publishing than at any time in historyD.there are constitutional guarantees with regard to speech and the press问题2选项A.little more than a politi

37、cal view of libertyB.not so much a political as an individualistic view of libertyC.a reliance upon social standards and objectivesD.a radical subjectivism问题3选项A.freedom of expression means nothing but an insistence upon “doing ones own thing”B.freedom of expression tends to spoil the everyday gover

38、nance of the communityC.few rulers rules without the authority of the peopleD.the permanent shaping of the character of the people lies mainly in education问题4选项A.there is no use maintaining an arrangement in which people can effectively exercise their considerable freedomB.all people are in fact pri

39、soners of illusion and appetitesC.only people who know what they are doing and who choose to do what is right are truly freeD.only people who believe themselves to be freely expressing themselves are truly free问题5选项A.A more individualistic view of liberty will probably lead to moral relativism and o

40、bjective political judgment.B.An individualistic view of liberty is based on the assumption that individuals know who they are and what they want.C.The traditional view of liberty involves more social guidance and less use of political power by the individualD.The censorship related with the individ

41、ualistic view of liberty is related with everyday governance of community and thus it is political in its method.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第一段指出: Restraints upon speaking and publishing, and indeed upon action generally, are fewer than at any time in the history of the country (有关言论

42、和出版方面的限制以及行为上的限制比历史上任何一个时期都要少)。由此可知前面三项不符合文章所述，D项“在言论和出版方面有宪法保障”正确。第2题:细节事实题。第一段第一句指出:The shift from the more political to the more individualistic view of liberty may be seen in how the constitutional guarantees with respect to speech and the press are typically spoken of in the United States today

43、 (在自由的问题上，从政治性的观点向个人主义观点的转变可以通过如今美国宪法中有关言论和出版条例的陈述方式显现出来)，第一段最后一句指出: What would once have been referred to as “freedom of speech and of the press” is now often referred to as “freedom of expression” (曾经的言论和出版自由如今被称为表达自由)。由此可知“表达自由”代表的是个人主义观点，故选B项“与其说是政治观点，不如说是个人主义的自由观”。第3题:细节事实题。A:言论自由意味着坚持“做自己的事”。B

44、:言论自由往往会破坏社区的日常管理。C:没有人民授权，统治者很难统治。D:人性格的永久塑造，主要在于教育。A项的nothing but和B项中的spoil the everyday governance与文章意思不符。第二段指出:Even those rulers who act without the authority of the people must take care to shape their people in accordance with the needs and circumstances of their regime (即使是那些未具备权力的管理者也必须要注意根据

45、自己政权的需要和情况来塑造民众的性格)。因此C项不正确。答案为D。第4题:细节事实题。第四段指出:Yet cannot it be said that only they are truly free who know what they are doing and who choose to do what is right? (难道不能说只有那些知道自己正在做什么以及选择做正确的事情的人才是真正地获得自由？)。此句的意思是:只有那些知道自己正在做什么以及选择做正确的事情的人才是真正地获得自由。故选C项“只有那些知道自己在做什么，选择做正确的事的人才是真正自由的”。第5题:判断推理题。第二段

46、指出: To make much of freedom of expression is to encourage a liberation of the self fi-om the constraints of the community (表达自由的意思就是鼓励自我从社会的各项束缚中解脱出来)。第三段指出: This means, among other things, that a people must be prepared and equipped to make effective use of its considerable political power (这意味着每个人

47、都需要准备好有效利用其巨大的政治权力)。由此推断C项 “传统的对自由的理解涉及更多的社会指导，个人较少使用政治权力”正确。8. 单选题All experts agree that the most important consideration with diet drugs is carefully（ ）the risks and benefits.问题1选项A.weighingB.valuingC.evaluatingD.distinguishing【答案】A【解析】句意:所有专家都认为，在对减肥药所做的各方面的考虑中，最重要的是仔细权衡风险和益处。考查动词辨析。weight 使变重，权衡

48、；value 评价，重视；evaluate 评价，估价；distinguish区分，辨别，使杰出。根据题干关键词the risks and benefits (风险和益处)可知A项符合句意。9. 单选题Although the end of the term was close（ ）, Jim had not completed all of the projects he had hoped to finish.问题1选项A.on handB.by handC.at handD.in hand【答案】C【解析】句意:尽管学期快结束了，吉姆还没有完成他希望完成的所有项目。考查短语辨析。on h

49、and 在手边;在场;by hand 用手；at hand 在手边；即将到来；in hand 在手头；在进行中；在控制中。这里表示“学期快结束了”，故选C。10. 单选题If you plant two apple trees in one square yard of land, and the trees productivity（ ）decline.问题1选项A.is bound toB.is determined toC.is unlikely toD.is related to【答案】A【解析】句意:如果你在一平方米的土地上种两棵苹果树，那么树的产能肯定会下降。考查短语辨析。is b

50、ound to 必然，注定，势必:is determined to 坚决，下决心做；is unlikely to不可能的；is related to 与有关。因此A符合句意。11. 单选题A scientific law is liable at any time to need（ ）, that is an eternal truth.问题1选项A.modifyingB.changingC.revisingD.adjusting【答案】A【解析】句意:在任何时候，科学定律都是需要修改的，这是永恒的真理。考查动词辨析。modify 修改，调整，修饰；change 变化;revise 修改，修订

51、，校正; adjust 调整。Modify和revise都有“修改”的意思，但modify指对计划、方法、制度、条款等做细小的更改；而revise指由于新情况的出 现或经过更多的思考而对原有观点、想法或作品加以修正，因此A项符合句意。12. 单选题（ ）before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.问题1选项A.Had they arrivedB.Would they arriveC.Were they arrivingD.Were they to arrive【答案】D【解析】

52、句意:如果他们能够在我们后天出发之前赶到，我们就能晚上一起聚餐了。语法题。考查虚拟语气。主句部分为should have a wonderful dinner party，因此这里为与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。故从句部分应该是If they were to arrive。从句部分可以省略if，把should/were提前，构成省略倒装。故选D。13. 单选题Love cant conquer all. So, before couples tie the knot, they should know what theyre getting into. The taboo against coup

53、les living together before marriage is decreasing, and more and more people are saying “I do” after theyve spent months, or even years, living together.As much as a person loves another, he or she never really knows what happens behind closed doors unless he or she is standing on the other side. Whi

54、le some people view living together before marriage as immoral, couples are actually expanding the boundaries of their relationship by moving in together. For example, the division of household responsibilities can be a major issue for newlyweds. By living together, couples can solve imbalances in t

55、he distribution of those responsibilities before someone realizes he or she has married a lazy bum.This may seem like a small point, but how many women and men -are out there who never thought they would be the only ones cooking, washing dishes, vacuuming, hopping, scrubbing, disinfecting, cleaning

56、laundry, dusting, etc.?One of the largest problems in marriages is the “in” word: money. If couples live together before marriage, they learn one anothers saving and spending styles. By baring expenses, people learn not only how each person controls the purse strings but how to discuss finance matte

57、rs with each other. Its important for couples to figure out budget priorities before they are married, and this is difficult to do unless a person has been sharing expenses with his or her partner. If couples dont have their financial issues in order, they are bound to surface, causing trouble in th

58、e marriage.Its also difficult to know someone intimately without living with him or her. A special bond forms between people who share their living space, their personal longings, and their lives together. Some things you just dont know until youve lived with someone.While some people believe living

59、 together before marriage is inappropriate, like most everything else in this country, it is a choice that everyone should respect. Living together can be a positive experience that will later reinforce a marriage, but it can also be something that ends a relationship. But if a relationship is going

60、 to end its better for people to discover the hard truth before they marry. Even though two people love each other and enjoy spending time together, the real question is, can you live together? People might want to find out before they make the serious decision to marry.1.“Tie the knot”in the first

61、line of the first paragraph means（ ）.2.According to the author, through living together（ ）.3.To some people living together before marring is unacceptable because（ ）.4.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?5.An important point the author made in this passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.gettin

62、g acquainted with each otherB.dating each otherC.living together before marriageD.getting married问题2选项A.a couple can reinforce their loveB.a couple can learn who is better at doing the houseworkC.a couple can save some money for their marriageD.a couple can know each other intimately问题3选项A.it is imm

63、oral and inappropriateB.it may end a relationship more quicklyC.it is a shame to the couples parentsD.it will cause many social problems问题4选项A.Living together before marriage is now more acceptable than before.B.Little household chores can cause trouble in ones marriage.C.Love is the guarantee of a happy marriage.D.Newly-weds often has many life imbalances to face.问题5选项A.living together before marriage is significant; every couple should try