2022年考博英语-西南林业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第179期

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1、2022年考博英语-西南林业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Tesco is preparing a legal battle to clear its name of involvement in the dairy price-fixing scandal that has cost consumers 270 million. Failure to prove that it had no part in collusion with other supermarkets and dairy processors may land it with a fine of a

2、t least 80 million. The Office of Fair Trading (OFT) said yesterday that Asda, Sainsburys and the former Safeway, plus the dairy companies Wiseman, Dairy Crest and Cheese Company, had admitted being in a cartel to fix prices for milk, butter and cheese. They were fined a total of just over 116 milli

3、on as part of a leniency deal offered by the watchdog to companies that owned up quickly to anti-competitive behavior.Officials at the OFT admitted privately that they did not think they would ever discover which company or individual had initiated the pricing formulA.But the watchdog recognizes tha

4、t at the time supermarkets were under pressure from politicians and farmers to raise the cost of milk to save dairy farming, though it is not certain that money found its way to farmers. The OFT claimed in September that it had found evidence that the retail chains had passed future milk prices to d

5、airy companies, which then reached a fixed price among themselves.The average cost to each household is thought to be 11.25 over 2002 and 2003. Prices went up an extra 3p on a pint of milk, 15p on a quarter of a pound of butter and 15p on a half-pound of cheese. There is no direct recompense for con

6、sumers, however, and the money will go to the Treasury. The National Consumer Council gave warning that the admissions would dent consumer confidence in leading high street names and that people would become skeptical of their claims. Farmers for Action, the group of farmers that has led protests ov

7、er low milk prices since 2000, is seeking legal advice on whether it can now bring a claim for compensation.The OFT investigation is continuing, however, in relation to Tesco, Morrison and the dairy group Lactalis McLelland, and any legal action is expected to be delayed until that is completed.Tesc

8、o was defiant and said that it was preparing a robust defense of its actions. Lucy Neville-Rolfe, its executive director, said: “As we have always said, we acted independently and we did not collude with anyone. Our position is different from our competitors and we are defending our own case vigorou

9、sly. Our philosophy is to give a good deal to customers.”Morrison has supported the OFT in inquiries into the former Safeway business that it took over, but in a statement said that it was still making “strong representations” in its defense. A spokeswoman for Lactalis McLelland said that the compan

10、y was “co-operating” with the OFT. Industry insiders suggested that the three companies were deliberately stalling the OFT investigation,Sainsburys admitted yesterday that it had agreed to pay 26 million in fines, but denied that it had sought to profiteer. Justin King, the chief executive, said he

11、was disappointed that the company had been penalized for actions meant to help farmers but recognized the benefit of a speedy settlement. Asda declined to say how much it would pay in fines and also said that its intention had been to help farmers under severe financial pressure.1. From the first pa

12、ragraph, we may infer that_ .2. Who is most probably the initiator of the pricing formula?3. The word “defiant” in Para.5 most probably means_.4. We may infer from Morrisons statement that_ .5. The writers attitude to Tesco can be said to be_ .问题1选项A.Tesco is the most resolute among all the retailer

13、s to defend its reputationB.it is already proved that Tesco has colluded with Asda, Wiseman, Dairy Crest and Cheese Company in fixing the dairy priceC.Tesco is trying its best to prove its innocence of the scandalD.Tesco is offered a leniency deal of 80 million because of its quick response to the a

14、nti-competitive behaviors问题2选项A.Retail chainsB.FarmersC.Dairy companiesD.Politicians问题3选项A.confidentB.angryC.deficientD.challenging问题4选项A.Morrison turn out to be the most defensive when dealing with OFTB.Morrison is reluctant to support the inquiries into the former Safeway businessC.industry inside

15、rs suggest that Morrison was trying to delay the OFT investigation with non-cooperationD.Morrison indeed refuses to admit its involvement in the scandal问题5选项A.objectiveB.biasedC.sympatheticD.optimistic【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段。A选项“特易购是所有零售商中最坚决捍卫自己声誉的。”推测其他的零售商勾结，并没有体现出捍

16、卫自身的声誉，可排除。B选项“事实已经证明，特易购与阿斯达、怀斯曼、乳品佳洁士和奶酪公司串通操纵乳品价格。”理解错误，特易购要证明自己并没有与其他零售商勾结。C选项“特易购正尽力证明自己在丑闻中的清白。” 由题干定位到第一句“Tesco is preparing a legal battle to clear its name of involvement in the dairy price-fixing scandal that has cost consumers 270 million”中文翻译：特易购正准备打一场法律战，以澄清自己卷入这起导致消费者损失2.7亿英镑的奶制品价格操纵丑闻

17、的名声。符合题意，因此C选项正确。D选项“由于特易购对反竞争行为的快速反应，特易购获得了8000万英镑的宽大处理。” 理解错误，如果Tesco不能证明自己的清白，将面临8000万英镑的罚款。D选项可排除。综上所述，C选项正确。2.推理判断题。根据题干，A选项“Retail chains”（零售连锁店），文中所说的零售商只是将奶制品的价格提供给公司，不符合题意，可排除。B选项“Famers”（农民），文中所说的不确定农民是否得到了钱。C选项“Dairy companies”（乳制品公司），文中所说乳制品公司操纵了的价格，符合题意，C选项正确。D选项“Politicians”（政治家），文中所说，

18、财政部获得了补偿，因此，也可排除。综上所述，C选项正确。3.词义辨析题。由题干可以定位到文章第五段第一句“Tesco was defiant and said that it was preparing a robust defense of its actions”，中文翻译为：特易购对此不以为然，并表示正准备为自己的行为进行强有力的辩护。A选项“自信的”，特易购正准备为自己的行为进行辩护，可推测他对行为很自信。A选项最符合词义。B选项“生气的”，文中没有体现特易购生气，可排除。C选项“不足的，有缺陷的”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“挑战性的”，不符合题意，可排除。综上所述，A选项正确。4.

19、细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第六段Morrison has supported the OFT in inquiries into the former Safeway business that it took over, but in a statement said that it was still making “strong representations” in its defense. A spokeswoman for Lactalis McLelland said thatthe company was “co-operating” with the OFT. Indu

20、stry insiders suggested that the three companies were deliberately stalling the OFT investigation. 中文翻译为：莫里森支持OFT对其接管的前Safeway业务的调查，但在一份声明中表示，莫里森仍在为OFT进行“强有力的辩护”。Lactalis McLelland的发言人表示，该公司正在与OFT “合作”。业内人士暗示，这三家公司是在故意拖延OFT的调查。判断出C选项“业内人士暗示，莫里森是在试图以不合作的方式拖延OFT的调查”正确。A选项“在处理OFT时，莫里森是最具防御性的”，这里并没有体现莫里

21、森具有防御性，可排除。B选项“莫里森不愿支持对前西夫韦公司的调查”，文中所说，莫里森支持对前Safeway公司的调查，因此，B选项错误。D选项“莫里森公司确实拒绝承认与丑闻有关”，文中并没有提及，可排除。综上所述，C选项正确。5.观点态度题。通读全文，A选项“objective”（客观的），文中作者对Tesco的态度比较客观，符合题意，A选项正确；B选项“biased”（有偏见的），文中并没有体现作者对于Tesco的偏见，可排除；C选项“sympathetic”（同情的），不符合题意，可排除；D选项“optimistic”（积极的），不符合题意，可排除。综上所述，A选项正确。2. 单选题The

22、 loss of his_ stems from giving promises easily and never fulfilling them.问题1选项A.credibilityB.cradleC.corruptionD.convention【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 credibility “可信性；确实性”；B选项 cradle “摇篮；发源地；发祥地；支船架”；C选项 corruption “贪污，腐败；堕落”；D选项convention “大会”。句意：他之所以失去，是因为他轻易地做出承诺，却从不兑现。根据后文giving promises easily and

23、never fulfilling them.（轻易地做出承诺，却从不兑现）可以推测他不是一位守信的人，结合句意A选项正确。3. 单选题Failure in a required subject may result in the _ of a diploma.问题1选项A.refusalB.betrayalC.denialD.burial【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 refusal “拒绝；优先取舍权；推却；取舍权”；B选项 betrayal “背叛；辜负；暴露；违约”；C选项 denial “否认；拒绝；拒绝给予；节制；背弃”；D选项 burial“埋葬；葬礼；弃绝”。句意：如

24、果某门必修科目不及格，可能会被吊销学位证书。结合此处语境，C为正确答案。4. 单选题Already in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, there had been a powerful alignment between rural cultural ethics and church teaching.问题1选项A.allianceB.agreementC.conflictD.contradiction【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 alliance “联盟，联合；联姻”；B选项 agreement “协议；同意，一致”；C选

25、项 conflict “冲突，矛盾；斗争；争执”；D选项 contradiction “矛盾；否认；反驳”。句意：早在18和19世纪，乡村文化伦理和教会教义之间就已经有了强有力的结合。结合此处关键词 alignment “结盟”，得知A为正确答案。5. 单选题We often _ our energies in trivial occupations.问题1选项A.dissipatedB.indulgedC.unscrambledD.took【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 dissipated“消散；浪费 ”；B选项indulged “沉溺；满足；放任”；C选项unscramble

26、d “使还原；译出；理顺，理清”；D选项 took “拿；取；接受”。句意：我们经常我们的精力在琐碎的工作上。根据单词trivial occupations （琐碎的工作），可推测我们经常会浪费我们的精力在一些琐碎的工作上，结合此处语境，选项A为正确答案。6. 单选题It is a well-documented fact that women still live longer than men. A 1998 study by Harvard Medical School geriatrician Thomas Perls offers two reasons: one is the ev

27、olutionary drive to pass on her genes; the other is the need to stay healthy enough to rear as many children as possible. A mans purpose is simply to carry genes that ensure longevity and pass them on to his children.Okay, so thats the legacy of our cave-dweller past. But what is it about a mans lif

28、estyle that reduces his longevity? As action moviemakers know all too well, men are supercharged with testosterone. Aside from forcing us to watch frenzied movies like The Matrix Reloaded, the testes-produced hormone also triggers riskier behavior and aggression, and increases levels of harmful chol

29、esterol, raising the risk of heart disease or stroke. Meanwhile, the female hormone chops harmful cholesterol and raises “good” cholesterol.As Perlss study points out: “Between ages 15 and 24, men are four to five times more likely to die than women. This time frame coincides with the onset of puber

30、ty and an increase in reckless and violent behavior in males. Researchers refer to it as a “testosterone storm”. Most deaths in this male group come from motor vehicle accidents, followed by homicide, suicide.and drowning. ”While all this jumping from tall buildings may result in some accidental dea

31、th, it still doesnt account for the onset of fatal illnesses at an earlier age. Statistically, men are crippled more quickly by illnesses like heart disease, stroke and cancer. A Singapore study found that while men were diagnosed with chronic illness two years earlier than women, women were also di

32、sabled by their illnesses four years later. Men more often engage in riskier habits like drinking alcohol and using recreational drugs, as well as eating to excess. And the stereotype about men being adverse to seeing a doctor on a regular basis? Studies have shown its true.If your goal is to become

33、 the first 100-year-old man on your family tree, there are some things you can do to boost your odds. One is to examine what centenarians are doing right. According to the ongoing New England Centenarian Study, the largest comprehensive study of centenarians in the world, they can fend off or even e

34、scape age-associated diseases like heart attack, stroke, cancer, diabetes and Alzheimers. Ninety percent of those studied were functionally independent for the vast majority of their lives up until the age of 92, and 75% were just as autonomous at an average age of 95. “Centenarians disprove the per

35、ception that the older you get, the sicker you get. Centenarians teach us that the older you get, the healthier youve been.”1. This passage mainly discusses_.2. According to Thomas Perls, which of the following is a major factor contributing to the relative longevity of women over men?3. The author

36、mentions “the legacy of our cave-dweller past” to _.4. According to the passage, testosterone is a hormone that_.5. Compared with women, men as a whole_.问题1选项A.why women lead a healthier life than menB.how women can live longer and stay healthyC.what keeps men from enjoying a longer life spanD.wheth

37、er mens life style leads to their early death问题2选项A.Their natural urge to remain healthyB.Their greater natural drive to pass on genesC.Their need to bear healthy offspringD.Their desire to have more children问题3选项A.support the argument about womens role in rearing childrenB.summarize a possible caus

38、e of different life expectanciesC.challenge the theory about our ancestors behavior patternsD.illustrate the history of human evolution process问题4选项A.increases as men grow olderB.reduces risk factors in male behaviorC.leads to aggressive behavior and heart diseaseD.accounts for womens dislike for vi

39、olent films问题5选项A.suffer from depression more oftenB.suffer from diseases later than womenC.are reluctant to have physical checkupsD.are not affected by violent movies【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据题干，通读全文，以及定位到文章首段第一句 “It is a well-documented fact that women still live longer than men.”

40、 中文翻译为：女人仍然比男人活得长，这是一个有据可查的事实。A选项 “为什么女性比男性生活得更健康。”文章中虽提及，但并不是文章的主要内容。C选项“是什么让男人不能享受更长的寿命呢。”在文章的第二段有所体现，但这篇文章不能简单地概括为“男人不能享受更长的寿命。”D选项的意思跟C选项大体一致，也可排除。由此可知B选项符合题意。2.细节事实题。由题干关键字“Thomas Perls”可以定位到原文第一段 “one is the evolutionary drive to pass on her genes; the other is the need to stay healthy enough

41、to rear as many children as possible.” 中文翻译为：一个是遗传基因的进化动力；另一个是需要保持足够的健康来抚养尽可能多的孩子。 因此可知B选项 “她们天生就有传递基因的动力”符合题意。3.作者意图题。由题干关键句“the legacy of our cave-dweller past” 可定位到原文第二段 “Okay, so thats the legacy of our cave-dweller past”，中文翻译为：好吧，这就是过去穴居人留下的遗产。根据后文转折，可以得知C选项“挑战关于我们祖先行为模式的理论”为正确答案。4.细节事实题。由题干关键词

42、“testosterone”可定位到原文第二段“the testes-produced hormone also triggers riskier behavior and aggression, and increases levels of harmful cholesterol, raising the risk of heart disease or stroke. ”，中文翻译为：测试产生的荷尔蒙还会引发更危险的行为和攻击性，增加有害胆固醇的水平，增加患心脏病或中风的风险。可知C选项“导致攻击性行为和心脏病”正确。5.细节事实题。通过题干可以定位到第四段最后一句 “And the s

43、tereotype about men being adverse to seeing a doctor on a regular basis? Studies have shown it true. ”中文大意：还有关于男人不喜欢经常看医生的刻板印象? 研究表明这是真的。由此可知C选项“与女性相比，男性总体上不愿意做身体检查”正确。7. 单选题I cant _ what has happened to the vegetables, for they were freshly picked this morning.问题1选项A.figure outB.draw outC.look outD

44、.work out【答案】A【解析】考查词组。A选项 figure out “了解，弄清楚”；B选项 draw out “拉长”；C选项look out “留神，小心”；D选项 work out “解决出，算出”。句意：我不知道这些蔬菜怎么了，因为它们是今天早上刚摘的。结合句意，A选项正确。8. 单选题The protective covering of lobsters, nobody could doubt, is an adaptation evolved by Darwinian selection.问题1选项A.adjustmentB.applicationC.argumentD.a

45、ssembly【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 adjustment “调整，调节；调节器”；B选项 application “应用；申请；应用程序；敷用；（对事物、学习等）投入”；C选项 argument “论证；论据；争吵；内容提要；自变数；主词，受词”；D选项 assembly “装配；集会，集合；汇编，编译”。句意：毫无疑问，龙虾身上的保护层是由达尔文选择进化而来的一种适应。结合此处关键词adaptation “适应”，得知A为正确答案。9. 单选题The material support and advisory services offered by these proj

46、ects _ the will of the poor to help themselves and enable them to lead self-sufficient lives.问题1选项A.prolongB.enforceC.reinforceD.inform【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项prolong “延长；拖延”；B选项 enforce “实施，执行；强迫，强制”；C选项 reinforce “加强，加固；强化；补充”；D选项 inform “通知；告诉；报告”。句意：这些项目提供的物质支持和咨询服务了穷人自助的意愿，使他们能够过上自给自足的生活。根据The mat

47、erial support and advisory services by these projects（这些项目提供的物质支持和咨询服务）可推测这些项目对来说是有利的，A选项不符合题意，可排除。B选项含贬义也可排除。D选项不符合题意，可排除。结合句意，C选项正确。10. 单选题My boss has always attended to the _ of important business himself.问题1选项A.transactionB.stimulationC.transitionD.solution【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 transaction “交易；事

48、务；办理；会报，学报”；B选项 stimulation “刺激；激励，鼓舞”；C选项 transition “过渡；转变；分子生物 转换；变调”；D选项 solution“解决方案；溶液；溶解；解答”。句意：我的老板总是亲自处理重要事务。A选项正确。11. 单选题The post-World War II baby _ resulted in a 43% increase in the number of teenagers in the 1960s and 1970s.问题1选项A.boostB.boomC.productionD.prosperity【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项

49、boost “推动；帮助；宣扬”；B选项boom “繁荣；（某种体育运动、音乐等）突然风靡的时期；吊杆；隆隆声；水栅；帆桁”；C选项 production “成果；产品；生产；作品”；D选项prosperity “繁荣，成功”。结合空格前baby，组成固定搭配baby boom “婴儿潮；生育高峰”。句意：二战后的婴儿潮导致60年代和70年代的青少年人数增加了43%。B选项正确。12. 单选题Life is full of perils, but the wise man ignores those that are _.问题1选项A.ineluctableB.inevitableC.unes

50、sentialD.unforgettable【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 ineluctable“不可避免的；无法逃避的”；B选项 inevitable “必然的；无法避免的”；C选项 unessential“非本质的”；D选项 unforgettable“难忘的”。句意：生活充满了危险，但聪明的人会忽略这些危险。“ineluctable”和 “inevitable”都有“无法避免”意思，但是 “inevitable” 所形容的事件存在着必然性。因此B选项正确。13. 单选题The man had either to leave the country immediately

51、or to surrender himself to the enemy and had no other choice.问题1选项A.alternativeB.hopeC.resourceD.approach【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项alternative“二中选一；供替代的选择 ”；B选项hope“希望”；C选项resource“资源”；D选项 approach“方式”。句意：这个人要么立即离开这个国家，要么向敌人投降，结合此处关键短语leave the country（离开这个国家）以及surrender himself to the enemy（向敌人投降），可推测他是

52、在两者之间进行选择，由此得知A选项正确。14. 单选题In 1517 a German monk, Martin Luther, challenged certain Catholic teachings and renounced his obedience to the papacy.问题1选项A.announcedB.followedC.deniedD.proclaimed【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项announced “宣布；宣称”；B选项followed “跟着；听从；继承”；C选项denied“ 拒绝；拒签”；D选项 proclaimed“正式宣布”。句意：1517年

53、，一位德国修道士马丁路德挑战了某些天主教教义，宣布放弃对教皇的服从。结合此处关键词 challenged “挑战”，可排除选项B，C选项不符合题意，也可排除。A选项虽有“宣布”的意思，但不够正式，根据句意，推测马丁路德的宣布内容应更为正式，得知D选项正确。15. 单选题The authorities claim that the rate of crime is declining, but statistics show _.问题1选项A.clockwiseB.otherwiseC.elsewhereD.likewise【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项 clockwise“顺时针方

54、向地”；B选项otherwise“另外，否则”；C选项 elsewhere“在别处；到别处”；D选项likewise“同样地；也”。句意：当局声称犯罪率正在下降，但数据却没显示。根据but可知，句型表示转折，只有选项B表示转折，因此B选项符合题意。16. 单选题When did the Second World War begin? Many historians, 1 to think of Europe 2 the center of the world, date the war from 1 September 1939 when Germany attacked PolanD.Thi

55、s is not an 3 that would satisfy the Abyssinians or the Chinese for whom the war began earlier. It would not satisfy the Russians and Americans for whom the war began later. In 4 case this European war 5 ended in June 1940 with Germany 6 the entire Continent west of RussiA.If a formal declaration of

56、 war 7 the starting point, the Second World War began in April 1932 when Mao Tse-tung and Chou. The declared war against Japan 8 of the Kiangsi Soviet. If we wait 9 the war was being fought in every continent except the two Americas, the date 10 be 1942 or even 1944.问题1选项A.concedeB.concealC.conditio

57、nedD.considered问题2选项A.asB.toC.withD.in问题3选项A.answerB.adviceC.affectionD.assertion问题4选项A.anyB.bothC.eitherD.neither问题5选项A.finallyB.eventuallyC.ultimatelyD.virtually问题6选项A.dominatedB.dominatingC.being dominatedD.having been dominated问题7选项A.symbolizesB.marksC.impliesD.remarks问题8选项A.with the titleB.with

58、 the statusC.in the nameD.in designation问题9选项A.ifB.sinceC.afterD.until问题10选项A.wouldB.shouldC.mustD.may【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:A第5题:A第6题:A第7题:A第8题:C第9题:D第10题:D【解析】1.考查动词词义辨析。A选项 concede “承认；退让；给予，容许；让步”；B选项 conceal “隐藏；隐瞒”；C选项 conditioned “决定；使适应；使健康；以为条件”；D选项 considered “考虑；认为；考虑到；细想”。根据上下文判断出此处表达“认为

59、”，故D项最符合。2.考查逻辑关系。根据下文 “the center of the world” 可知此处想表达的是“认为欧洲是世界的中心”,故as最为准确。3.考查逻辑关系。根据上文 “When did the Second World War begin?” 这个问句，可以判断出此处答案应该是A选项answer“回答”。B选项 advice “建议”；C选项 affection “喜爱，感情；影响；感染”；D选项 assertion “断言，声明；主张，要求；坚持；认定”。4.考查词组。A选项 in any case “不管怎样；总之；在任何情况下”；B选项 in both case “在

60、两种情况下”；C选项 in either case “不论发生何种情况”；D选项 in neither case “在两种情况下都不”。根据语境和句意，可知A为正确答案。5.考查词义辨析。A选项finally表达经过一长段时间（通常是指经历了困难和滞迟），表示“终于”；B选项eventually “最终”含有时间因素，表示目前还未发生，但终将发生；C选项ultimately “最终”除了包含时间因素外，还有状态顺序，表示最基本因素；D选项 virtually“事实上，几乎；实质上”。根据下文 “ended in June 1940” 及词义判断出答案为A。6.考查非谓语动词。dominate意

61、为控制，结合上文ended的时态，表示过去，可知A为正确答案。7.考查词义辨析。A选项 symbolize “象征；用符号表现；采用象征；使用符号；作为的象征”；B选项 mark “标志；做标记于；打分数”；C选项 imply“意味；暗示；隐含”；D选项 remark “评论；觉察”。根据下文 “the Second World War began in April 1932 when Mao Tse-tung and Chou” 可知空格处应为“象征、代表”，因此A最合适。8.考查词组。A选项 with the title of “标题为”；B选项 with the status of “以

62、的地位”；C选项 in the name of“以的名义”；D选项 in designation of “指定”。the Kiangsi Soviet意为“中华苏维埃共和国”，根据上下文 “The declared war against Japan 28 of the Kiangsi Soviet” 以及句意判断出正确答案为C。9.考查从句引导词。until引导从句，wait until表示直到；等到；等待某个条件满足；留待；一直等到，符合句意 “If we wait until the war was being fought in every continent except the two Americas.”, 中文翻译为：如果我们等到除了两个美洲以外的所有大陆都在打仗。因此答案为D10.考查条件状语从句。此处是if引导的真实条件句，真实条件句一般遵循主将从现、主情从现（情指情态动