2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷33（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题When the committee（ ）to details, the proposed plan seemed impractical.问题1选项A.got downB.set aboutC.went offD.came up【答案】A【解析】考查词组get down do sth./doing sth. “开始认真注意（或对待）某事”。句意：当委员会着手讨论所提出的计划的细节时，发现该计划似乎并不实际。结合句意可知A选项正确。2. 单选题If I take this medicine twice a day i

2、t should（ ）my cold.问题1选项A.heatB.cureC.treatD.recover【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A: heat “使温暖，使发热” ；B: cure “治疗，治愈”；C: treat “对待；治疗”；D: recover “恢复；重新获得”。句意：假如这种药我一天吃两次，它就可以治愈我的感冒。结合此处语境，和感冒相关，故B为正确答案。3. 单选题In the negotiation held between the two parties of the workers and employer the workers were（ ）in asking

3、 for more holidays.问题1选项A.jointB.harmoniousC.unanimousD.coordinated【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。be unanimous in表示“（所有人）一致同意的，全体一致的，无异 议的”。句意：在工人和雇主双方进行的谈判中，工人们一致要求更多的假期。结合此处语义，C为正确答案。4. 单选题A man of（ ）judgment will immediately see through the little game.问题1选项A.severeB.solemnC.soberD.stern【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A: se

4、vere “严峻的”；B: solemn “庄严的，严肃的”；C: sober “头脑清醒的，冷静的”；D: stern “严厉的，严峻的”。 句意：一个头脑清醒有判断力的人会立刻看穿这个小游戏。根据语境和句意可知C为正确答案。5. 单选题There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a ba

5、sic skill. There are, however, vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is, how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the co

6、mplexities of spelling.If spelling become the only focal point of his teachers interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to play safe. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. Thats why teachers often encourage the early use of diction

7、aries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: “This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible.” It may have been a sharp criticism of

8、the pupils technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the childs deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on the c

9、hilds ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.1.Teachers differ in their opinions about（ ）.2.The expression play safe probably means（ ）.3.Teachers encourage the use of dictionaries so that（ ）.4.The writer seems t

10、o think that the teachers judgment on that sensitive piece of writing is（ ）.5.The major point discussed in the passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.the difficulties in teaching spellingB.the role of spelling in general language developmentC.the complexities of the basic writing skillsD.the necessity of teaching spe

11、lling问题2选项A.to write carefullyB.to do as teachers sayC.Io use dictionaries frequentlyD.to avoid using words one is not sure of问题3选项A.students will be able to express their ideas more freelyB.teachers will have less trouble in correcting mistakesC.students will have more confidence in writingD.studen

12、ts will learn to be independent of teachers问题4选项A.reasonableB.unfairC.foolishD.careless问题5选项A.the importance of developing writing skillsB.the complexities of spellingC.the correct way of marking compositionsD.the relationship between spelling and the content of a composition【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B

13、第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中 “There are，however, vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority it must be given over general language development and writing ability”，中文翻译为 “然而，对于怎么来教拼写或者是从提高整个语言的发展和写作能力 方面来说，把拼写放在什么样优先的地位存在着许多不同的看法。”以及 “The problem is, how to encourage a chi

14、ld to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling.”中文翻译为：“所存在的问题是， 在写作当中怎样鼓励孩子不要让复杂的拼写来影响他流畅地，自信地表达自己的 思想。”推断出教学分歧在于怎样教授拼写、以及把拼写放在什么样优先的地位。结合语境，B选项符合题意。2.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中 “If spelling become the only focal point of his teachers int

15、erest, clearly a bright child will be likely to play safe. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language”， 中文翻译为 “如果字的拼写成为老师关心的唯一焦点，很明显，聪明的孩子很可能就会为保险起见，只写一些他会写的字，避免因冒险而出错的语言。”可以推测出D选项“避免用他/她不确定的内容”正确。3.推理判断题。由题干the use of dictionaries可以定位到文章第二段中 H

16、e will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. Thats why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.” 中文翻译为“他只写一些他会写的字，避免因冒险而出错的语言。那就是为什么老师常常鼓励学生很 早就要使用字典，而且写作时重视内容而非拼写技能。可以推测出A

17、选项“学生能更自由地表达自己的想法”正确。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章中 “It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupils technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child s deep feelings” 中文翻译为“这对于 一个学生的写作技能也许

18、是一次尖锐的批评，但它同时也悲哀地反映出那位老师 忽视了去阅读一篇包含了表达孩子内心感情的文章。” 以及后文“The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors.虽然老师注意到了这些问题并没有错”可以得知B选项符合题意。5.主旨大意题。原文前面提出“There are,however, vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority it must be given over general language development and wr

19、iting ability”，中文翻译为 “然而，对于怎么来教拼写或者是从提高整个语言的发展和写作能力 方面来说，把拼写放在什么样优先的地位存在着许多不同的看法。”后面则写道：注意拼写会限制 学生写文章，但是不注意拼写会造成作文的拼写错误。综合考虑，可以推测出D选项正确。6. 单选题The story is told that in the, medieval University of Paris the professors were disputing about the number of teeth in a horses mouth. They agreed that the nu

20、mber could not be a multiple of three, for that would be an offense to the Trinity; nor could it be a multiple a seven. Neither the records of Aristotle nor the arguments of St Thomas enabled them to solve the problem. Then a shocking thing happened. A student who had been listening the discussion w

21、ent out, opened a horsed mouth and counted the teeth.I want to draw two conclusions from this parable. The first is that our present perplexities about universities derive from the act of this medieval student. He symbolizes the beginning of objective inquiry, the revolt against authority, the empir

22、ical attitude, the linking of academic study with the facts of life. His act introduced research into the university. After the horses mouth was opened knowledge became an open system. The second-conclusion is that we must think twice before we become nostalgic about the traditional university ideal

23、. Not everything about the traditional university is worth preserving. The medieval university was hostile to what we now call academic freedom. To stay outside the corpus academicism set books even to interpret them in novel ways was to court heresy. The traditional university was not much interest

24、ed in discovery: it was preoccupied with transmission of a crystallized culture. It was at certain periods not even interested in knowledge for its own sake. Many scholars pursued knowledge. If nor for preferment then as a means of spiritual and intellectual health, just as a man plays, golf not for

25、 the sake of golf but to keep down weight.I want to follow these two lines of thought by raising three question. The first is what do we want to perpetuate from the universitys long tradition? What, in other words, is the content of our loyalty to the university ideal? Secondly what obligations does

26、 the university have_what loyalties ought it to fostertowards contemporary society? And thirdly, what are the prospects that these two loyalties one to a traditional university ideal the other to the society in which we live can be reconciled?1.The passage mainly discusses（ ）.2.The author uses the p

27、arable to show that（ ）.3.The passage states that（ ）.4.The author would probably agree with（ ）.5.The word “novel” in paragraph 2 is a synonym to（ ）.6.It could be inferred that the author mentions all the following except（ ）.问题1选项A.the most important function of a universityB.the differences between m

28、odern and medieval universitiesC.the content of the university idealD.the authors opinion on education问题2选项A.scientific research should be based on factB.the traditional university ideal is acceptableC.one should always observe animals carefullyD.one must listen carefully to what others say问题3选项A.Th

29、e relationship between teacher and student is very simpleB.Many scholars pursue knowledge for spiritual and intellectual healthC.The realization of the university ideal depends on several important factorsD.The universitys long traditional is preferred by many scholars问题4选项A.Theories must be combine

30、d with practice.B.Science is not related to imaginationsC.The teaching environment is the most important in achieving the university idealD.The medieval university had little merits.问题5选项A.cleverB.braveC.newD.interesting问题6选项A.the traditional teaching methodsB.objective inquiryC.the linking of acade

31、mic study with the facts of lifeD.revolt against authority【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:C第5题:C第6题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。作者通过寓言引出传统教育理念，并对此做出两个结论：第一，我们目前对大学的困惑源于这位中世纪学生的行为，即客观探究、反抗权威等；第二，对传统大学理念要三思后再考虑践行。最后，作者提出三个疑问，一是我们应该延续传统大学的什么内容？大学有什么义务？这两种忠诚（一种是对传统大学理想的忠诚，另一种是对社会的忠诚）的前景是什么？这些内容都是和教育有关，因此答案为D选项“作者对教育的看法”。2.推理判断

32、题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中 “I want to draw two conclusions from this parable.”，中文翻译为我想从这个寓言中得出两个结论。以及后文“The first is that our present perplexities about universities derive from the act of this medieval student. He symbolizes the beginning of objective inquiry, the revolt against authority, the empirical atti

33、tude, the linking of academic study with the facts of life. His act introduced research into the university.”，中文翻译为：第一，我们现在对大学的困惑源于这个中世纪学生的行为。他象征着客观探究的开始、对权威的反抗、经验主义的态度、学术研究与生活事实的联系。他的行为把研究引入了大学。和 “The second-conclusion is that we must think twice before we become nostalgic about the traditional uni

34、versity ideal”，中文翻译为：第二个结论是，在我们对传统的大学理想产生怀旧情绪之前，我们必须三思而后行。可以得知B选项“传统大学教育理想是可以接受的”符合题意。3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中 “The second-conclusion is that we must think twice before we become nostalgic about the traditional university ideal.”，中文翻译为：第二个结论是，在我们对传统的大学理想产生怀旧情绪之前，我们必须三思而后行。因此，C选项“大学理想的实现取决于很多重要因素”最符合题意

35、。4.推理判断题。由A项可以定位到文章第二段，第二段谈及“寓言中学生的行为象征着客观探究的开始，对权威的反抗，经验主义的态度，学术研究与现实生活的联系。”则排除A选项；B选项在文章内没有提及；由C选项“教学环境是实现大学理想的重中之重”可以定位到文章第二段中 “The medieval university was hostile to what we now call academic freedom The traditional university was not much interested in discovery: it was preoccupied with transmi

36、ssion of a crystallized culture. It was at certain periods not even interested in knowledge for its own sake. Many scholars pursued knowledge.”，中文翻译为：中世纪的大学敌视我们现在所说的学术自由传统大学对发现不太感兴趣：它专注于固定文化的传播。在某些时期，它甚至对知识本身不感兴趣。许多学者追求知识。判断C选项正确；由D项可以定位到文章中 “Not everything about the traditional university is worth

37、preserving.”，中文翻译为：传统大学中不是所有东西都值得保留。以及文章提及在对传统大学理想产生怀旧情绪之前需要三思，判断出D项错误。故C为正确答案。5.词义猜测题。根据题干关键词“novel”可以定位到第二段中 “Not everything about the traditional university is worth preserving. The medieval university was hostile to what we now call academic freedom. To stay outside the corpus academicism set bo

38、oks even to interpret them in novel ways was to court heresy. The traditional university was not much interested in discovery: it was preoccupied with transmission of a crystallized culture.”，中文翻译为：并不是所有的传统大学都值得保留。中世纪的大学敌视我们现在所说的学术自由。置身于学术文集之外，甚至以新颖的方式解读书籍，都是在招惹异端。传统大学对发现不太感兴趣：它专注于固定文化的传播。可以得知C项“新的”

39、最为符合。6.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中 “He symbolizes the beginning of objective inquiry, the revolt against authority, the empirical attitude, the linking of academic study with the facts of life.”，中文翻译为：他象征着客观探究的开始，对权威的反抗，经验主义的态度，学术研究与现实生活的联系。因此只有A选项没有提及，符合题意。7. 单选题I cannot give you（ ）for the type of car you

40、 sell because there is no demand for it in the market.问题1选项A.an expenseB.a chargeC.a purchaseD.an order【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: an expense “花费”；B: a charge “收费”；C: a purchase “购买”；D: an order “订单、订购”。句意：我不能定购你们出售的这种车，因为没有市场需求。结合此处语境，谈及到没有市场需求，因此D为正确答案。8. 单选题Mechanization has gradually（ ）many of the ranc

41、hing and agricultural jobs once available to the Indians, and few industries have been attracted to the area.问题1选项A.disposedB.eliminatedC.discardedD.terminated【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A: disposed “处置”；B: eliminated “排除，消除；淘汰”；C: discarded “丢弃，抛弃”；D: terminated “结束；使终结”。句意：机械化逐渐使印度淘汰了许多牧场和农业工作，而这地区很少吸引到工业。结

42、合此处语境，工业化应该是减少了农牧业工作，因此B为正确答案。9. 单选题The envelope arrived with the old address（ ）, and the new one written alongside it.问题1选项A.left outB.crossed outC.cutoutD.fallen【答案】B【解析】考查词组。A: left out“遗漏；忽略”；B: crossed out“勾掉，划掉”；C: cut out“停止；裁剪”；D: fallen“倒下”。句意：信封上的旧地址划掉了，旁边写着新地址。结合此处语境，B为正确答案。10. 翻译题Directi

43、ons: Put the following passage into English Write your English version in the proper space on Answer Sheet.目前，对待科技发展存在着相互对立的两种思潮；反科学思潮认为，现代科学的发展非但没有给人类社会带来福音，反而带来了灾难和毁灭；另一种是科技进步思潮，他们认为人类面临的环境污染、生态失衡、资源枯竭等危机是科学发展过程中自然而然遇到的问题，这些问题进一步解决的出路恰恰在于继续大力发展科技。上述两种观点都有一定的合理性，也都有各执一端的片面性，如果从时代的高度和辩证的观点看待当代科技的发展时

44、，我们就可以发现，当代科学技术所面临的问题并不是去如何认识现代科技进步，而是从时代的需要出发，设法找到未来科技进一步发展的理论根据所在。【答案】At present, there are two opposite trends of thought to the development of science and technology. Anti-science holds the view that the development of modern science has not brought the gospel to the human society, but brought d

45、isaster and destruction. The other is the trend of scientific and technological progress, whose view is that environmental problems such as pollution, ecological imbalance and resource exhaustion occur naturally in the process of scientific development. It is by vigorously developing science and tec

46、hnology that these problems can be further solveD.Both of these two views are reasonable and of one-sidedness. If we look at the development of contemporary science and technology from the perspective of age and dialectics, we can find that these problems faced by contemporary science and technology

47、 are not how to understand modern scientific and technological progress, but try to find the theoretical basis for the further development of science and technology in the future from the needs of the times.11. 单选题Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in thr

48、ee fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical expansion, it sorted out people and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settle

49、d regions outward two to four times more distant from city centers than they were in the pre-modern erA.In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who would afford it could liv

50、e far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work, shopping, and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for

51、example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550,000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan areA.Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, rea

52、l estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty yearslots that could have housed five to six million people.Of course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant, land around Chicago and other cities. These exce

53、sses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation: urban sprawl was essentially unplanneD.It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for r

54、esidential purposes, particularly land near or outside city, borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than population

55、 growth.1.With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?2.The author mentions all of the following as effects of mass transportation on cities EXCEPT（ ）.3.Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago?4.According to the passage, what was one disadvantage of residential e

56、xpansion?5.The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city（ ）.问题1选项A.Types of mass transportation.B.Instability of urban life.C.How supply and demand determine land use.D.The effects of mass transportation on urban expansion.问题2选项A.growth in city areaB.separation of comme

57、rcial and residential districtsC.changes in life in the inner cityD.increasing standards of living问题3选项A.To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth.B.To show that mass transit changed many cities.C.To exemplify cities with and without mass transportation.D.To contrast their rates of grow

58、th.问题4选项A.It was expensive.B.It happened too slowlyC.It was unplanneD.D.It created a demand for public transportation.问题5选项A.that is largeB.that is used as a model for land developmentC.where land development exceeded population growthD.with an excellent mass transportation system【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B

59、第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段第一句提出“Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways.” 中文翻译为大众运输从三个根本方面改变了美国城市的社会和经济结构。后文分别对这三个方面进行了介绍。因此答案为D选项：公共交通运输对城市扩展的影响。2.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“It catalyzed physical expansion, it sorted out people and land u

60、ses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. ” 中文翻译为：它促进城市实物性的扩张，它把人和土地分类，加速了城市生活的内在不稳定性。可以得知D选项符合题意。3.推理判断题。由题干关键词Boston and Chicago可以定位到文章第一段中“By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolley

61、s pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant from city centers than they were in the pre-modern era.” 中文翻译为：公共汽车、马铁、通勤列车和电动手推车把大 片空置的土地开放给居民居住，使他们的居住地向外移动，距离市中心的距离是前现代时期的2至4倍。然后文章分别以芝加哥和波士顿为例子。因此，B最符合题意。4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词one disadvantage of residential expansion定位到原文第二段 “These excess

62、es underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation: urban sprawl was essentially unplanneD.It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users.”，中文翻译为：“.这些过度行为突出了与大众交通增长有关的住宅扩张的一个特点：城市的扩张基本

63、上是没有计划的。这是由数以千计的小投资者进行的，他们对协调的土地使用或未来的土地使用者漠不关心。”故C最符合题意。5.推理判断题。根据题干可以定位 “Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than population growth.” 中文翻译为：芝加哥就是这一过程的主要例子。那里的房地产细分比人口增长速度快得多。可以得知C项最为符合。12. 单选题Telecommunication developments enable the sending of messages（ ）television, radio and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with many messages.问题1选项A.viaB.amidC.pastD.across【答案】A【解析】考查介词。句意：电信的发展使人们能够通过电视、无线电发送信息，很快，电子邮件就可以用许多信息轰炸人们。