2022年考博英语-沈阳药科大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第16期

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1、2022年考博英语-沈阳药科大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The American Civil War is believed to have stemmed from differences over slavery.问题1选项A.arisen fromB.contributed toC.patched upD.participated in【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. arisen from 由引起，起因于 B. contributed to 导致C. patched up 平息（争吵）；修补（关系） D. participated in 参与【考查点】词组辨析【

2、解题思路】划线词前文是“美国内战（The American Civil War）”，后文是“关于奴隶制的分歧（differences over slavery）”。根据历史常识可知，美国内战是由南北政府关于奴隶制的分歧造成的，原文使用的是主动语态，因此，A选项“由引起，起因于”符合前后逻辑。原文stemmed from“起源于”。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合原文逻辑。【句意】美国内战被认为源于对奴隶制的分歧。2. 单选题Over the past decade, American companies have tried hard to find ways to discourage s

3、enior managers from feathering their own nests at the expense of their shareholder. The three most popular reforms have been recruiting more outside directors in order to make boards more independent, linking bosses pay to various performance measures, and giving bosses share options so that they ha

4、ve the same long-term interests as their shareholders.These reforms have been widely adopted by Americas larger companies, and surveys suggest that many more companies are thinking of following their, lead. But have they done any good? Three papers presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of M

5、anagement in Boston this week suggest not. As is usually the case with boardroom tinkering, the consequences have differed from those intended.Start with those independent boards. On the face of it, dismissing the bosss friends from the board and replacing them with outsiders looks a perfect way to

6、make senior managers more accountable. But that is not the conclusion of a study by Professor James Westphal. Instead, he found that bosses with a boardroom full of outsiders spend much of their time building alliances, doing personal favors and generally pleasing the outsiders.All too often, these

7、seductions succeed. Mr. Westphal found that, to a remarkable degree, “independent” boards pursue strategies that are likely to favor senior managers rather than shareholders. Such companies diversify their business, increase the pay of executives and weaken the link between pay and performances.To a

8、ssess the impact of performance-related pay, Mr. Westphal asked the bosses of 103 companies with sales of over1 billion dollars what measurements were used to determine their pay. The measurements varied widely, ranging from sales to earnings per share. But the researchers big discovery was that bos

9、ses attend to measures that affect their own incomes and ignore or play down other factors that affect a companys overall success.In Short, bosses are quick to turn every imaginable system of corporate government to their advantage which is probably why they are the people who are put in charge of t

10、hings. Here is a paradox for the management theorists: any boss who cannot beat a system designed to keep him under control is probably not worth having.25. The phrase “feathering their own nests” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _.26. What is the purpose of the large companies in rec

11、ruiting outsiders and putting them on the board of directors?27. What does Professor James Westphals study suggests?28. The word “seduction” (Para.4) probably means _.29. Which of the following statements is true?30. How does the author feel about the efforts to control senior executives?问题1选项A.sacr

12、ifice themselvesB.decorate their homesC.use their position for personal gainsD.invest a lot of money问题2选项A.To diversify the business of the corporation.B.To enhance the cooperation between the senior managers and the board directors.C.To introduce effective reforms in business management.D.To protec

13、t the interests of the shareholders.问题3选项A.boardroom reforms have failed to achieve the desired resultB.outside board directors tend to be more independentC.with a boardroom full of outsiders, senior managers work more conscientiouslyD.cooperation between senior managers and board directors suffered

14、 from the reforms问题4选项A.efforts to conquerB.attempts to win overC.endeavors to increase profitsD.exertions to understand问题5选项A.Corporate executives in general are worth the high pay they receive.B.The income of corporate executives is proportional to the growth of corporate profits.C.Corporate execu

15、tives tend to take advantage of their position to enrich themselves.D.The performance of corporate executives affects their own interests more than those of the shareholders.问题6选项A.doubtfulB.optimisticC.positiveD.approving【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C第6题:A【解析】25. 词汇推测题。1）句中前后信息衔接：根据题干“第1段中的词组feather

16、 their own nest的意思最接近于”，可定位到第1段第1句Over the past decade, American companies have tried hard to find ways to discourage senior managers from feathering their own nests at the expense of their shareholder.（在过去的十年里，美国公司一直在努力寻找方法，以阻止高级管理人员以牺牲股东利益为代价_。）由此可知，feather their own nest是企业高级经理人的行为，并且这种行为是以牺牲股东利益

17、为代价的。另外，该词组字面的意思是“用羽毛装饰他们的巢”。2）上下文语义衔接：后文The three most popular reforms have been recruiting more outside directors in order to make boards more independent, linking bosses pay to various performance measures, and giving bosses share options so that they have the same long-term interests as their sh

18、areholders.（最受欢迎的三项改革是招募更多外部董事，使董事会更加独立、将老板们的薪酬与各种绩效指标挂钩和给老板们股票期权，这样他们就和股东们有同样的长期利益。）由此可知，后文讲的是针对1）中的问题，采取的应对措施，这些应对措施都是限制或规范企业高级管理者行为的。3）篇章主旨：本文的主题是企业经营管理的改革，B选项“装饰他们家”与主题无关，排除。4）搭配用法：本题无需参考综上所诉，企业高级管理者的行为：feather their own nest“用羽毛装饰他们的巢”，牺牲了企业股东的利益，并且给自己带来了好处，C选项“利用职位谋取私利”最符合语境。A选项“牺牲自己”，表述错误，他们牺

19、牲的是股东的利益，而不是他们自己的利益；D选项“投资很多钱”，没有依据，属于无中生有。因此，本题最佳选项为C。26. 推理判断题。1）句中线索：根据题干“大企业把外来者招进董事会的目的是什么”，可定位到第1段第2句The three most popular reforms have been recruiting more outside directors in order to make boards more independent, （最受欢迎的三项改革是招募更多外部董事，使董事会更加独立）由此可知，企业这么做是企业改革的措施之一，并且这项措施是为了“使董事会更加独立”，因此B选项“

20、加强高级管理人员与董事会之间的合作”表述错误，该选项的“合作”与原文的“独立”相矛盾，属于反向干扰，排除。2）上下文线索：本文第1段第1句Over the past decade, American companies have tried hard to find ways to discourage senior managers from feathering their own nests at the expense of their shareholder.（在过去的十年里，美国公司一直在努力寻找方法，阻止高级管理人员以牺牲股东利益为代价谋取私利。）由此可知，为了“阻止高级管理人员

21、以牺牲股东利益为代价谋取私利”，美国的企业采取了改革措施，那么改革的目的应该是为了限制高级管理人员的权力，以保护股东的利益，D选项“保护股东利益”，表述符合原文；C选项“对企业管理进行有效改革”，表述也正确，但是，对企业管理进行改革的目的也是为了保护股东的利益，D选项表述更好。A选项“使公司业务多样化”，没有依据，属于无中生有，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为D。27. 事实细节题。1）精准定位：根据题干“James Westphal教授的研究表明”，可定位到文章第3-5段，这3段详细介绍了James Westphal教授的研究结果。第3段最后一句Instead, he found that bos

22、ses with a boardroom full of outsiders spend much of their time building alliances, doing personal favors and generally pleasing the outsiders.（相反，他发现，董事会里满是外部人士的老板们会花很多时间与外部人士建立联盟，做个人恩情，并且通常会取悦外部人士。）由此可知，董事会里的外部董事与老板们建立了同盟，B选项“外部董事往往更独立”表述错误，该选项属于反向干扰，排除；老板们会花大部分的时间精力取悦外部董事，而不是认真工作，C选项“在董事会里挤满了外部人员

23、的情况下，高级经理们工作起来会更加认真”，表述错误，该选项属于反向干扰，排除；改革使高层管理人员与董事会之间建立了同盟，反而加强了两者之间的合作，D选项“高层管理人员和董事会之间的合作受到了改革的影响”，表述错误，该选项属于反向干扰，排除。A选项“董事会改革未能达到预期效果”，可定位到原文第2段最后两句Three papers presented at this week suggest not. As is usually the case with boardroom tinkering, the consequences have differed from those intended

24、.（本周在上发表的三篇论文给出的答案是否定的。就像通常的董事会修修补补一样，结果与预期不同。）由此可知，研究表明改革没有达到预期效果，该选项表述符合原文。2）综合理解：本文第2段总述研究表明改革没有达到预期效果，第3-5段展开详细介绍研究结论，所以A选项“董事会改革未能达到预期效果”表述正确。因此，本题最佳选项为A。28. 词汇推测题。1）句中前后信息衔接：根据题干“seduction这个词的意思可能是”可定位到原文第4段第1句All too often, these seductions succeed.（这些_往往会成功。）2）上下文语义衔接：根据上文第3段最后一句Instead, he

25、found that bosses with a boardroom full of outsiders spend much of their time building alliances, doing personal favors and generally pleasing the outsiders.（相反，他发现，董事会里满是外部人士的老板们会花很多时间与外部人士建立联盟，做个人恩情，并且通常会取悦外部人士。）可知，these seductions指的应该是老板们为了取悦外部董事而做的个人恩情，为了跟他们建立联盟花的很多时间和精力。根据后文第4段第2句Mr. Westphal f

26、ound that, to a remarkable degree, “independent” boards pursue strategies that are likely to favor senior managers rather than shareholders.（Westphal发现，在很大程度上，“独立”董事会采取的策略可能更有利于高管而不是股东。）可知，“成功”指的是企业高管们的行为成功地让董事会做出有利于高管自己的决策。3）篇章主旨：本文的主题是企业经营管理的改革，A选项“为了征服的努力”、D选项“为了理解付出的努力”与本文主旨无关，排除。4）搭配用法：本题无需参考。综

27、上所述，B选项“为了赢得支持的尝试”表述最符合原文；C选项“为了增加利润的努力”表述错误，企业高管们的目的仅仅是为了自己的利益，而不是增加整个企业的利润，该选项属于偷换概念，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为B。29. 事实细节题。1）精准定位：题干“下列表述正确的是？”A选项“一般来说，公司主管们的高薪是值得的”，可定位到原文第4段最后两句Mr. Westphal found that, to a remarkable degree, “independent” boards pursue strategies that are likely to favor senior managers rat

28、her than shareholders. Such companies diversify their business, increase the pay of executives and weaken the link between pay and performances.（Westphal发现，在很大程度上，“独立”董事会采取的策略可能更有利于高管而不是股东。这类公司将业务多元化，增加高管薪酬，并削弱薪酬与业绩之间的联系。）由此可知，董事会被高管们收买，而做出有利于高管们利益的决策，增加高管的薪酬，所以选项表述是错误的，该选项属于反向干扰。B选项“公司高管的收入与公司利润的增长

29、成正比”，可定位到第5段最后一句But the researchers big discovery was that bosses attend to measures that affect their own incomes and ignore or play down other factors that affect a companys overall success.（但研究人员的重大发现是，老板们关注影响自己收入的指标，忽视或淡化其他影响公司整体成功的因素。）由此可知，高管们更关注自身的利益，而忽视公司整体的利益，那么高管的收入和公司利润成正比就没有依据，该选项表述错误，属于无

30、中生有。C选项“公司高管们往往利用他们的职位来使自己富有”，可定位到原文第1段第1句Over the past decade, American companies have tried hard to find ways to discourage senior managers from feathering their own nests at the expense of their shareholder.（在过去的十年里，美国公司一直在努力寻找方法，阻止高级管理人员以牺牲股东利益为代价谋取私利。）由此可知，选项表述正确。D选项“公司高管的业绩对其自身利益的影响大于对股东利益的影响”

31、，可定位到第5段最后一句But the researchers big discovery was that bosses attend to measures that affect their own incomes and ignore or play down other factors that affect a companys overall success.（但研究人员的重大发现是，老板们关注影响自己收入的指标，忽视或淡化其他影响公司整体成功的因素。）原文是说高管们更关注绩效评估体系中影响自己体系的指标，忽视影响公司整体利益的指标，但是选项说的却是高管们的业绩的不同影响，属于偷

32、换概念，排除。2）综合理解：题干要求选择表述正确的选项，A、B、D选项均表述错误，只有C选项正确，因此，本题最佳选项为C。30. 观点态度题。1）精准定位：根据题干“作者如何看待限制高级管理人员的努力”，可定位到原文第2段最后3句But have they done any good? Three papers suggest not. As is usually the case with boardroom tinkering, the consequences have differed from those intended.（但是他们产生了好的结果吗？三篇论文表明，答案是否定的。就像

33、通常的董事会修修补补一样，结果与预期不同。）2）综合理解：由此可知，对于企业进行的限制高级管理人员的改革，作者的态度的否定的，消极的，A选项“怀疑的，靠不住的”符合原文。B选项“乐观的”、C选项“肯定的”、D选项“满意的”，三个选项的情感基调与原文不符，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为A。3. 单选题His argument does not suggest that mankind can _ to be wasteful in the utilization of these resources.问题1选项A.resortB.grantC.affordD.entitle【答案】C【解析】上下文语

34、义。A选项resort“（ to诉诸；求助于）”；B选项grant“（指正式地或法律上）同意，准许；（勉强）同意”；C选项afford“负担得起；承担得起（后果）”；D选项entitle“使享有权利，使符合资格，常用被动”。句意：他的论点并不是说人类可以_浪费在利用这些自然资源时。原文从句不是被动语态，可排除D选项；且原文从句主语是人类，B选项grant在使用时也应使用被动语态，排除；A选项后面通常是某种方式后手段，而本句空格后是“浪费”，不符合，排除；C选项代入，“他的论点并不是说人类承担得起在利用这些自然资源时浪费的后果”，符合语境。因此，本题最佳选项为C。4. 单选题Everyone k

35、nows about straight-A student. They get high grades, all right, but only by becoming dull and diligent students, their noses always stuck in a book. How, then, do we account for Paul Melendres? Melendres, now a freshman at the University of New Mexico, was student-body president at Valley High Schoo

36、l in Albuquerque. He joined the soccer and basketball team of his school, exhibited at the science fair, was chosen for the National Honor Society and he achieved straight As in all his classes.How do super-achievers like Melendres do it? Brains arent the only answer. “Top grades dont always go to t

37、he brightest students,” declares Herbert Walberg, a professor of education at the University of Illinois at Chicago, who has conducted major studies on super-achieving students. “Knowing how to make the most of your innate abilities counts for more. Infinitely more.”Hard work isnt the whole story, e

38、ither. “Its not how long you sit there with the books open,” said one of the many-A students we interviewed. “Its what you do while youre sitting.” Indeed, some of these students actually put in fewer hours of homework time than their lower-scoring classmates.The kids at the top of the class get the

39、re by mastering a few basic techniques that others can readily learn.Set priorities. Top students brook no intrusions on study time. Once the books are open or the computer is booted up, phone calls go unanswered, TV shows unwatched, snacks ignored. Study is business; business comes before recreatio

40、n.Study anywhere - or everywhere. A cross-country runner who worked out every day used the time to memorize biology terms. Another student posted a vocabulary list by the medicine cabinet and learned a new word every day while brushing his teeth.Get organized. In high school, McCray ran track, playe

41、d rugby and was in the band and orchestra. “I was so busy, I couldnt waste time looking for a pencil or missing paper. I kept everything right where I could put my hands on it,” he says.Among the students we interviewed, study times were strictly a matter of personal preference. Some worked late at

42、night when the house was quiet. Others awoke early. Still others studied as soon as they came home from school when the work was fresh in their minds. All agreed, however, on the need for consistency.7. Which of the following statements might Herbert Walberg agree with?8. In paragraph three, the aut

43、hor stresses the importance of _.9. “Top students brook no intrusions on study time.” (Para. 5) means that they _.10. What tips might McCray offer to other students?11. What can we learn about study times from the last paragraph?12. What is the topic of the passage?问题1选项A.A super-achiever has to dev

44、ote all his spare time to study.B.High IQ alone may not be the guarantee of top grades.C.Innate abilities do not make much difference to your grades.D.The brighter the students, the greater their chances of success.问题2选项A.disciplineB.practiceC.carefulnessD.efficiency问题3选项A.consider study more import

45、ant than anything elseB.never ask any questions while studyingC.dont allow other things to interrupt their studyD.dont want other people to tell them how to study问题4选项A.Study anywhere at any time.B.Learn as much as you can.C.Put things in their right places.D.Join a school organization.问题5选项A.Study

46、times can be adjusted every day.B.Study times vary from person to person.C.There are no best study times for a student.D.Study times are crucial for academic excellence.问题6选项A.Secrets of top students.B.Balancing study and play.C.Hard work in high schools.D.Grades and education.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题

47、:C第5题:B第6题:A【解析】7. 【选项释义】Which of the following statements might Herbert Walberg agree with? Herbert Walberg可能会同意下面哪个表述？A. A super-achiever has to devote all his spare time to study. A. 一个学霸必须把他所有的业余时间都用来学习。B. High IQ alone may not be the guarantee of top grades. B. 仅仅高智商并不能保证取得好成绩。C. Innate abiliti

48、es do not make much difference to your grades. C. 天赋对你的成绩影响不大。D. The brighter the students, the greater their chances of success. D. 学生越聪明，他们成功的机会就越大。【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词Herbert Walberg定位到原文第2段，该段介绍Herbert Walberg的观点。本段最后一句说到，他认为“知道如何充分利用你的天赋更重要，重要得多。”由此可知，Herbert Walberg认为对于取得好成绩来说，知道如何充分利用天赋（高

49、智商）比天赋本身更重要，只有天赋是不够的，B选项“仅仅高智商并不能保证取得好成绩”表述正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“一个学霸必须把他所有的业余时间都用来学习”，Herbert Walberg没有提到该观点，该选项属于无中生有；C选项“天赋对你的成绩影响不大”，Herbert Walberg只是认为充分利用天赋更重要，但没有说天赋不重要，该选项属于偷换概念；D选项“学生越聪明，他们成功的机会就越大”，Herbert Walberg认为聪明本身不是最重要的，并且原文第2段第3句Herbert Walberg说“最好的成绩（Top grades）并不总是属于最聪明的学生（the brightest s

50、tudents）”，因此，该选项表述错误，属于本末倒置。8. 【选项释义】In paragraph three, the author stresses the importance of _. 作者在第三段强调了_的重要性。A. discipline A. 自律B. practice B. 练习C. carefulness C. 谨慎D. efficiency D. 效率【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】本题考查第3段的主旨。本段第一句说“努力（Hard work）也不是故事的全部。”第二句说“重要的不是你打开书在那坐了多久（how long you sit there），重要的是你坐在那的

51、时候在干什么（Its what you do while youre sitting）。”第三句说“一些成绩好的学生比成绩差点儿的学生花在家庭作业上的时间更少（put in fewer hours of homework time）。”综上，本段主旨为努力不是全部，学习的时间长短也不是，重要的是你做了什么，即强调的是D选项“效率”的重要性。【干扰项排除】A、B、C三个选项均不符合本段主旨。9. 【选项释义】“Top students brook no intrusions on study time.” (Para. 5) means that they _. “优等生不允许学习时间受到干扰。

52、”（第5段）的意思是他们_。A. consider study more important than anything else A. 把学习看得比什么都重要B. never ask any questions while studying B. 学习时不问任何问题C. dont allow other things to interrupt their study C. 不让其他事情干扰他们的学习D. dont want other people to tell them how to study D. 不希望别人告诉他们如何学习【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词Para.

53、5定位到原文第5段，本段第2句是本题引用的句子。本段的结构是总分式，开头第一句点名主旨“设置优先级（Set priorities）”。本段第3句提到“一旦打开了书或电脑，就不会接电话（phone calls go unanswered），不看电视节目（TV shows unwatched），也不会吃零食（snacks ignored）。”由此可知，这句话的意思是C选项“不让其他事情干扰他们的学习”。【干扰项排除】A选项“把学习看得比什么都重要”，表述错误，本段“学习优先”的意思是学习的时候就只学习，其他什么事都不干，并不是“把学习看得比什么都重要”的意思，该选项属于过度推理；B选项“学习时不问

54、任何问题”，原文并未提及，属于无中生有；D选项“不希望别人告诉他们如何学习”，原文并未提及，属于无中生有。10. 【选项释义】What tips might McCray offer to other students? McCray可能会给其他学生什么建议？A. Study anywhere at any time. A. 随时随地学习。B. Learn as much as you can. B. 尽可能多地学习。C. Put things in their right places. C. 把东西放到该放的地方。D. Join a school organization. D. 加入一个

55、学校组织。【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词McCray定位到原文第7段。本段的结构是总分式，第一句点明本段主旨“要有条理（Get organized）”，后文举了McCray的例子。本段最后一句，McCray说“我太忙了，没有时间去找铅笔或丢失的纸。我把所有东西都放在我能摸到的地方。”由此可知，C选项“把东西放到该放的地方”是他可能会提的建议。【干扰项排除】A选项“随时随地学习”是第6段的内容，属于张冠李戴；B选项“尽可能多地学习”原文并未提及，属于无中生有；D选项“加入一个学校组织”，原文虽然提到了他加入了很多组织，但这并不是他表达的重点，该选项属于本末倒置。11. 【选项释

56、义】What can we learn about study times from the last paragraph? 关于学习时间，我们可以从最后一段中得知什么？A. Study times can be adjusted every day. A. 学习时间可以每天调整。B. Study times vary from person to person. B. 学习时间因人而异。C. There are no best study times for a student. C. 对于学生来说，没有最佳的学习时间。D. Study times are crucial for acade

57、mic excellence. D. 学习时间对学业成绩至关重要。【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词last paragraph定位到原文最后一段。本段第一句说到“学习时间（study times）完全是个人喜好问题（a matter of personal preference）”；紧接着就举了早、晚及放学后立马学习的三类人的例子，因此，B选项“学习时间因人而异”表述正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“学习时间可以每天调整”，表述错误，属于曲解原文。本段最后一句提到“所有人都同意有必要保持一致性（the need for consistency）。”因此，学习时间不应该每天调整。C选项

58、“对于学生来说，没有最佳的学习时间”，表述错误，属于过度推理。本段只说每个人最佳学习的时间不一样，并不是没有最佳学习的时间。D选项“学习时间对学业成绩至关重要”，本段的中心虽然是“学习时间”，但是本段的重点并不在于论证学习时间对成绩的重要性，该选项属于无中生有。12. 【选项释义】What is the topic of the passage? 本文的主题是什么？A. Secrets of top students. A. 优等生的秘密。B. Balancing study and play. B. 平衡学习和娱乐。C. Hard work in high schools. C. 在高中努力

59、学习。D. Grades and education. D. 成绩和教育。【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】分析文章行文结构。本文的行文逻辑是“总分式”：第1段通过Paul Melendres的例子导入本文话题；第2段第1句，点明本文的主题“像Melendres这样的超级成功者是如何做到的呢？”；第2-3段指出“天赋和努力不是唯一的答案，重要的是做了什么（Its what you do while youre sitting）”；第4段承上启下，点明他们是因为掌握了一些基础技巧（by mastering a few basic techniques）；第5-8段则分别介绍这些技巧。综上所述，A

60、选项“优等生的秘密”，即优等生是如何成为优等生的是本文的主题。【干扰项排除】B选项“平衡学习和娱乐”，只是本文第5段的内容，优等生成功的技巧之一，该选项属于以偏概全；C选项“在高中努力学习”，本文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；D选项“成绩和教育”，本文虽然提到了成绩，但没有提到教育，该选项属于无中生有。5. 单选题It has been announced that physicists from different countries will gather in New York for a _ next month.问题1选项A.symphonyB.symmetryC.symposium

61、D.symptom【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. symphony 交响乐 B. symmetry 对称（性）C. symposium 研讨会 D. symptom 征兆【考查点】语义衔接与形近词辨析【解题思路】前文提到“来自不同国家的物理学家聚集到一起”，而空格处所填词是他们聚集到一起的目的，C选项symposium“研讨会”最符合语义逻辑。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均为symposium“研讨会”的形近词，但都不能使原句前后语义衔接。【句意】据通知，来自不同国家的物理学家将于下个月聚集在纽约参加一个研讨会。6. 单选题The west is traditionally the lan

62、d of the pioneers and the cowboys, where _ could be easily made in cattle or land.问题1选项A.fortunesB.propertyC.opportunitiesD.treasure【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析与固定搭配。A选项fortunes“一大笔钱”；B选项property“（某人的）财产；不动产”，强调归属；C选项opportunities“机会”；D选项treasure“金银财宝，指金银珠宝一类”。句意：传统上西部是拓荒者和牛仔的领地，在那里可以很容易的用牛或者土地创造_。根据句意，此处是指用牛和土地

63、就可以创造财富，排除C选项；不强调财富的归属，排除B选项；不是特指金银珠宝一类，排除D选项。另外，原文_ could be easily made，考查固定搭配make a fortune/make fortunes“发大财；赚大钱；创造财富”，A选项最符合语境。因此，本题最佳选项为A。7. 单选题In order to control and defeat the dreadful diseases that _ humanity, concerted activity is necessary.问题1选项A.infectB.eliminateC.incredulousD.plague【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. infect 感染；传染 B. eliminate 消除；排除C. incredulous 怀疑的；不轻信的 D. plague 困扰；折磨【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】首先，空格处是从句谓语，应填入一个动词，其次，该词的宾语为人类，主语为致命的疾病，D选项plague“困扰；折