2022年考博英语-上海交通大学考试题库及模拟押密卷37（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-上海交通大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Arithmetic is the one fundamental science, （ ） all other physical sciences.问题1选项A.underminingB.undertakingC.underscoringD.underlying【答案】D【解析】词义辨析题。undermine破坏，毁坏；undertake承担，从事；underscore强调；underlie成为的基础，位于之下。句意：算术是一门基础科学，是所有其他物理科学的基础。选项D符合句意。2. 单选题Educational

2、Service InC.operates 70 institutes in the United States and they concentrate on providing career-focused degree programs to （ ） 28 000 students.问题1选项A.considerablyB.approximatelyC.preferablyD.ideally【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。 considerably相当地,非常; approximately大约,近似地; preferably更好地; ideally理想地。句意：美国教育服务公司运营着70家

3、学院, 主要为大约2.8万名学生提供以职业为中心的学位课程。空后为数字,只有 approximately后可接数字。所以选项B正确。3. 单选题In protest, blacks and （ ） whites sat at the counters of these restaurants and refused to move until they were served.问题1选项A.sensibleB.indifferentC.influentialD.sympathetic【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。sensible明智的, 合情理的;indifferent不关心的, 冷淡的,

4、中立的; influential有影响的, 有权势的;sympathetic同情的，赞同的。句意：在抗议活动中, 黑人和那些支持抗议行为的白人坐在餐馆的柜台上, 拒绝离开，直到他们得到服务。选项D符合句意。4. 单选题The two pharmaceutical companies collaborated in developing new drugs to（ ） the pain of patients in the terminal stages of cancer.问题1选项A.alleviateB.confrontC.insulateD.terminate【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题

5、。alleviate减轻, 缓和;confront勇敢地面对, 正视;insulate使绝缘,使隔离; terminate结束,终止。句意：这两家制药公司合作开发新药，以减轻癌症晚期患者的痛苦。选项A 符合句意。5. 单选题The Chinese language differs （ ） from the English language because of their different writing system and pronunciation.问题1选项A.considerablyB.consistentlyC.confidentlyD.continually【答案】A【解析】考

6、查副词辨析。considerably相当地,十分地; consistently一贯地,始终如一地; confidently自信地,确信地; continually不断地,连续地。句意：由于书写体系和发音的不同, 汉语和英语有很大的不同。选项A符合句意 。6. 单选题Competitors from more than a hundred countries have （ ）in Los Angeles for the Olympic Games.问题1选项A.denouncedB.convergedC.detachedD.sprawled【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。denounced谴责，揭

7、发，声明.无效；converged聚集，齐聚；detached分离的；sprawled平躺的。句意：来自100多个国家的运动员齐聚洛杉矶参加奥运会。选项B符合句意。7. 单选题Though she isnt British by birth, she is a British citizen by （ ） of her marriage to an Englishman.问题1选项A.virtueB.meritC.approachD.relation【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。 by virtue of为固定搭配,意为由于,凭借。句意：虽然她不是英国人, 但由于她嫁给了英国人, 所以她是英

8、国公民。8. 单选题The doctor was in a （ ） as to whether to tell the patient the truth or a lie.问题1选项A.prudenceB.dilemmaC.secrecyD.psychology【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。prudence谨慎；dilemma困境，进退两难；secrecy保密；psychology心理学。句意：医生陷入进退两难的困境，不知该告诉病人真相还是谎言。选项B符合句意。9. 案例题Use it or lose it is the new approach to back pain. In the l

9、ast few years, there has been a （1） change in the way doctors treat this most common disease. Weeks or months of rest in bed 一the （2） method of treatment for so long are now thought to be surely harmful. Muscles become soft, joints become （3） and what started out as a （4） acute condition quickly tur

10、ns into a continuing disability. Far better, according to current thinking, is to put up with a little pain and get moving.The change has not happened overnight. For years, some specialists have had an （5） feeling that bed rest was not the answer. But what finally put an end to （6） bed rest was a st

11、udy of more than 200 patients who were treated for back pain in a clinic in Taxes. Not only did patients who had two days bed rest do totally as well as those given seven days, they （7） only half as much time altogether （8） work.As a result of the study, experts now recommend that （9） anyone with ac

12、ute back pain should spend more than a few days （10） down. After that should come a program of gradually （11） exercise, probably accompanied by some （12） treatments such as massage, heat or ultrasound.Because of hospital waiting lists, most people have to wait several weeks before receiving the trea

13、tment they neeD.Unfortunately this wait is often spent in bed or inactive for （13） of doing further damage to the back. It has been estimated that for every day an injured muscle is rested it loses at least one per cent of its （14） . Stay in bed for two or three weeks and it will be far （15） to rebu

14、ild a damaged muscle.Directions: Choose one appropriate word from the following word bank to fill in the blanks numbered from 1 to 15 in the passage below, Change the word form where necessary. Remember the bank contains some extra words that may not be used in filling any of the blanks. Write the w

15、ords in their correct forms with the corresponding numbers on the Answer Sheet.temporary fear extend passive r equiresubstantial count instinctive increase liepermanent hardly stiff stick adopthard current strength off standard【答案】1.substantial。 2.passive 3.stiff 4.temporary 5.instinctive6.lie 7.req

16、uire 8.hard 9.current 10.adopting11.strength 12.standard 13.fear 14.count 15.permanent【解析】1.结合上下文及句意可知, 既然是新方法, 那么治疗这种疾病的方式自然是有了很大的变化。故答案为substantial。2.根据前面的Weeks or months of rest in bed可推断, 这种治疗方法是被动的。故答案为passive。3.结合上文可知填空处应填入与soft相对的形容词, stiff 呆板的;坚硬的, 符合原文句意。故答案为stiff。4.根据下文的continuing可知, 填空处应指

17、暂时的急性症状, 故答案为temporary。5.instinctive与feeling搭配意为直觉, 符合语义。故为答案为instinctive。6.根据原文句意可知, 这里指结束卧床休息的研究。lie bed rest指卧床休息。故答案为lie。7.根据原文句意：两天卧床休息的病人不仅和七天卧床休息的病人完全一样, 而且他们总共只需要努力工作时间的一半。故答案为require。8.hard与work构成固定搭配, 意为努力工作。9.分析句子的结构和语义, 填空处应填入与now意思相近的形容词, 故current（目前）符合要求。10.根据原文可知, 这里指花时间适应背疼的情况, spend

18、后接doing形式。故答案为adopting。11.此处指力量运动。故答案为strength。12.根据下文的such as massage, heat or ultrasound可知, 这里是对治疗的具体举例, standard treatments表述合理。故答案为standard。13.for fear of为固定短语, 意为生怕, 以免。14.根据上下文及句意可知, 这里指总数的百分之一。故答案为count.15.根据关键词far推断, 填空处应填入的形容词表示需要很长的时间, permanent符合原文。故答案为permanent。10. 单选题Novels and short st

19、ories from a librarys fiction collection are a good （ ） of enjoyable reading practice.问题1选项A.exitB.resourceC.entryD.source【答案】D【解析】句意：图书馆的小说和短篇小说是令人愉快的阅读练习的好来源。选项中只有source有来源的意思。所以选项D正确。11. 单选题Now that the excitement of celebrating has had a chance to （ ） , its time to turn the Olympic ideal into re

20、ality.问题1选项A.cut offB.carry awayC.turn offD.wear off【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析。 cut off切断,中断; carry away运走;失去自制力;turn of关闭; wear off逐渐减少,逐渐消失。句意:既然庆祝的激情已经开始逐渐消失, 那么是时候把奥林匹克理想变成现实了。12. 单选题I havent read that book, but just from looking over the （ ） , I think it would be worth reading.问题1选项A.forefrontB.forewordC.

21、foreheadD.forename【答案】B【解析】forefront最前线,最前部;foreword序,前言; forehead前额,额头; forename在姓前面的名。句意：我没有读过那本书, 但是仅仅只看了前言我就觉得这本书值得一看。选项B符合句意。13. 单选题The headlights of the approaching car were so （ ） that the cyclist had to stop riding.问题1选项A.gleaningB.staringC.gleamingD.dazzling【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。gleaning拾遗;starin

22、g目不转睛的, 凝视的;gleaming闪烁的, 闪闪发光的;dazzling耀眼的, 光彩夺目的。句意：那辆驶来的汽车的前灯太耀眼，以致于骑自行车的人不得不停下来。选项D符合句意。14. 单选题The color and smell of water in these rivers（ ） itself how serious the pollution is but many people are still ignoring he fact.问题1选项A.illustratesB.demonstratesC.manifestsD.exemplifies【答案】C【解析】近义词辨析题。man

23、ifest oneself 显现, 显露;illustrate 说明, 阐明;demonstrate 举行示威游行（或集会）;说明;exemplify例示，举例证明。句意：这些河水的颜色和气味表明了污染的严重性，但是许多人仍然忽视了这个事实。选项C更恰当。15. 单选题The poison produced by the spiders skin is so （ ） that it will paralyze a bird or a monkey immediately.问题1选项A.lethalB.liableC.tediousD.profound【答案】A【解析】形容词的辨析题。letha

24、l致死的, 致命的;liable 有责任的, 有义务的;tedious 乏味的, 单调的;profound 知识渊博的。句意：蜘蛛皮肤产生的毒液是致命的，它会立即使一只鸟或一只猴子瘫痪。选项A符合句意。16. 单选题Last year our school football team won four（ ） games.问题1选项A.obsessiveB.concessiveC.successiveD.excessive【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。obsessive强迫性的，着迷的；concessive让步的，妥协的 ; successive 连续的，接替的；excessive过度的。句意

25、：去年我们学校足球队连续赢了四场比赛。选项C符合句意。17. 单选题In the （ ） chapters, the professor has traced the redefinition of Britains global position in recent decades.问题1选项A.obsoleteB.abidingC.precedingD.wielding【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。obsolete废弃的，老旧的；abiding永久的，持久的，不变的；preceding在前的，前述的； wielding运用。句意：在前几章中，这位教授追溯了近几十年来英国全球地位的重新定义

26、。选项C符合句意。18. 单选题The relation of the earth on its axis is responsible for the （ ） of periods of light and darkness.问题1选项A.alterationB.alternationC.alternativeD.altercation【答案】B【解析】形近词辨析题。alteration变更，改变；alternation交替，更迭；alternative二选一，供替代的选择；altercation争执。句意：地球绕着地轴运转是日夜交替出现的原因。选项B符合句意。19. 单选题Poverty

27、and domestic violence make it easy for her to trust that bad things will happen and take this （ ） happiness away.问题1选项A.adversaryB.vulgarC.fragileD.superfluous【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。adversary敌手，对手；vulgar粗俗的，本土的；fragile脆的，易碎的；superfluous多余的。句意：贫穷和家庭暴力让她很容易相信坏事会发生，并带走这种脆弱的幸福。只有选项C符合句意。20. 单选题I am disgusted （ ） the way the couple talks about the actresss private life.问题1选项A.overB.forC.atD.with【答案】D【解析】考查介词搭配。be disgusted with为固定搭配,意为厌恶,讨厌。