2022年考博英语-浙江工商大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第153期

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1、2022年考博英语-浙江工商大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题There has been nothing more astonishing in the progress of war which is really the application of the mechanics of force to human nature（ ） the position that public opinion occupies.问题1选项A.asB.toC.thanD.better【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。nothing more.than.意思为“没有什么比更加”

2、。分析句子结构，空格后面是名词“position位置”，而前面有nothing more出现，再结合上下文意思，故推断选项C为最佳答案。句意为：战争实际上是武力作用于人性，在这个过程中，没有什么比公众舆论占据的地位更让人吃惊的了。2. 单选题An energy tax would curb ordinary air pollution, limit oil imports and cut the budget （ ）.问题1选项A.dispositionB.defectC.discrepancyD.deficit【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项disposition“处置，性

3、情”；B选项defect“缺点，劣势”；C选项discrepancy“不符，矛盾”；D选项deficit“赤字”。根据动词“cut削减，砍掉”和“budget预算”，可知空格部分单词意思为“赤字，不足额”，句意为：能源税能抑制普通的空气污染，限制石油进口和削减预算赤字。故正确答案选D。3. 单选题 During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had be

4、en transformed by economic risk and new realties. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months. In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, poli

5、cymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Todays families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in

6、times of financial setback a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today,

7、a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner. During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining mil

8、lions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guar

9、anteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen and newly fashionable health-saving plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers,

10、with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance have jumped eightfold in ju

11、st one generation. From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoul

12、ders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.1. Todays double-income families are at greater financial risk in that （ ）.2. As a result of President Bushs reform, retired people may have （ ）.3. According to the author, health-savings plans will （ ）.4. It can

13、be inferred from the last paragraph that （ ）.5. Which of the following is the best title for this text?问题1选项A.the safety net they used to enjoy has disappearedB.their chances of being laid off have greatly increasedC.they are more vulnerable to changes in family economicsD.they are deprived of unemp

14、loyment or disability insurance问题2选项A.a higher sense of securityB.less secured paymentsC.less chance to investD.a guaranteed future问题3选项A.help reduce the cost of healthcareB.popularize among the middle classC.compensate for the reduced pensionsD.increase the families investment risk问题4选项A.financial

15、risks tend to outweigh political risksB.the middle class may face greater political challengesC.financial problems may bring about political problemsD.financial responsibility is an indicator of political status问题5选项A.The Middle Class on the AlertB.The Middle Class on the CliffC.The Middle Class in

16、ConflictD.The Middle Class in Ruins【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段“Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months. 现在，一份解雇通知书、一个糟糕的诊断，或者配偶的消失，都可能在几个月内把一个稳定的中产阶级家庭变成一个新的贫困家庭。”由此可知C选项

17、“他们更容易受家庭经济情况变化的影响”正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第三段“For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. 在过去一年的大部分时间里，布什总统致力于将社会保障转变为储蓄账户模式，

18、即退休人员将他们的大部分或所有有保障的收入用于根据投资回报进行交易。”由此可知B选项“不安全的薪酬”正确。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第三段“Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen and newly fashionable health-saving plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles an

19、d a large new dose of investment risk for families future healthcare. 医疗保健的绝对成本和家庭承担的份额都上升了，而且新流行的医疗储蓄计划正从立法机构蔓延到沃尔玛员工，免赔额大大提高，家庭未来医疗保健的投资风险也增加了。”由此可知D选项“增加家庭的投资风险”正确。4.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章最后一段“The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind. 金融方面的影响已经开始，政治方面的影响可

20、能也不远了。”由此可知C选项“经济问题可能会带来政治问题”正确。5.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。文章讲述美国中产阶级家庭已经被经济风险和新的现实所改变，面临着一系列危机，由此可判断B项“中产阶级在悬崖上”符合题意。4. 单选题Of various parts of the speech contest, unplanned （ ）speech is the most difficult part for most contestants.问题1选项A.spontaneousB.spontaneityC.preparedD.synthetic【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。

21、A选项spontaneous“自发的，自然的”；B选项spontaneity“自发性，自然性”；C选项prepared“准备好的”；D选项synthetic“综合的，合成的”。由关键词“unplanned无准备的”可知spontaneous符合题意，句意为：在口语竞赛的不同环节中，无准备即兴演讲对于大多数选手来说都是最难的。选项A为正确答案。5. 单选题The law on drinking and driving is （ ）stated.问题1选项A.extravagantlyB.empiricallyC.explicitlyD.exceptionally【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查

22、副词辨析。A选项extravagantly“挥霍无度地”；B选项empirically“以经验为主地”；C选项explicitly“明确地，明白地”；D选项exceptionally“例外地，特殊地”。根据关键词“law法律”和“stated被表明，被解释”，可知“明确地”符合题意，句意为：有关醉酒驾驶的法律规定得很清楚。故正确答案选C。6. 翻译题 Companies now realize that viruses arent “urban myth”, and can be a serious impact on their operations. They invest in anti

23、-virus software on the desktops, servers and email gateways and even put in place procedures to ensure their anti-virus is up-to-date with the very latest detection routines. Anti-virus software detects most of the viruses your users are likely to encounteroften without the user even knowing. Howeve

24、r, anti-virus software must be updated regularly, preferably daily in any large company. Even then, a very new virus can infect your users. With the rapid transmission of files through networks and the Internet, a virus can spread a considerable distance before it can be identified and protected aga

25、inst.【答案】 各家公司现在意识到病毒并不是“现代神话”，而确实会严重影响到公司的运作。他们投资杀毒软件，安装在计算机、服务器以及电子邮件网关上，甚至还采取措施确保使用最 新的检查程序，随时更新杀毒软件。杀毒软件确实能检测出用户会碰到的绝大多数病毒，而且往往在用户毫无察觉时就已经处理完毕。然而，软件必须定期更新，大公司则最好是每天更新一次。即使是这样，一种非常新的病毒也还是可能感染到用户。通过网络和互联网，文件可以快速地传输，等到人们发现一种病毒并加以防范时，病毒可能已经扩散到了相当的范围。7. 翻译题 Raw materials and partially finished goods

26、are sent to special border zone factories inside Mexico where additional assembly work is completed on the goods, which are then transferred back to the United States. All duties are waived by both governments, except on the value added by the additional manufacturing processes taking place in Mexic

27、o. Obviously, the most desirable barter would be for goods the firm would otherwise have to purchase on the open market. Second most desirable would be goods that the global sourcing manager sees a ready market for where hard currency can be earned from their sale.【答案】 原材料和半成品被送往墨西哥境内的边境特区工厂，在那里完成货物

28、的附加组装工作，然后再被转回美国。除了在墨西哥进行的额外生产过程所增加的价值外，两国政府对其他部分都放弃关税。显然，最理想的易货交易对象是公司在自由市场上必须购买的商品。第二可取的是那些商品：全球采购经理看到了一个现成的市场，可以从该商品的销售中获得硬通货。8. 单选题With scholars from 24 countries （ ）the conference, the committee had a great deal of work to do.问题1选项A.attendB.attendedC.attendingD.to attend【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这里

29、考查的是非谓语动词。with+名词+分词，表示原因或者伴随条件，scholars和动词attend是主动关系，故正确答案选C。句意为：有来自24个国家的学者参加了会议，组委会有很多工作要做。9. 单选题Im sure he is up to the job （ ）he would give his mind to it.问题1选项A.if onlyB.untilC.in caseD.unless【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。A选项if only“如果”；B选项until“直到才”；C选项in case“万一”；D选项unless“除非”。根据从句意思“只要他用心，他是能胜任这份工

30、作的”，可知空格部分表示意思是“假如，如果”，句意为：我相信只要他用心，他是能胜任这份工作的。故正确答案选A。10. 单选题Grain （ ）are to guarantee the consumption of nonagricultural population and to cope with serious natural disasters.问题1选项A.savingsB.storagesC.stocksD.reserves【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项savings“积蓄；节省物”；B选项storage“贮存”是不可数名词；C选项stocks“存货；股份”；D选

31、项reserves“储备”。填一个名词做主语，Grain做其定语，由不定式的内容可知reserves“储备”符合题意，句意为：粮食储备是用来保证非农业人口消费和应对严重自然灾害的。故答案选D。11. 翻译题 Currently, China is in the midst of a challenging transition. A rapidly aging population, increasing debt, and declining returns on fixed asset investment place new burdens on the economy. Because

32、 of aging, the labor force is expected to peak this year and begin a long decline that could reduce its size by 16 percent by 2050. By 2030, Chinas dependency ratio the percentage of the population that is not in the labor force (mostly the elderly and children) will reach 47 percent. This is far so

33、oner, in terms of GDP per capita, than in countries such as Japan or the United States.【答案】 目前，中国正处于一个具有挑战性的转型阶段。人口老龄化的迅速增长、不断增加的债务以及固定资产投资回报率的下降给经济带来了新的负担。由于人口老龄化，中国的劳动力总量预期今年达到最高峰，然后开始一个长期的减少，而到2050年中国的劳动力规模可能减少16%。到2030年，中国的抚养比率即不属于劳动力的人口百分比（主要是老年人和儿童）将达到47%。而中国人均国内生产总值的减少会比日本或美国等国家出现得早很多。12. 翻译题

34、 Building a degree of transportation and inventory cost ambiguity into the system design will allow one to estimate high and low values for these costs, with the comfort that costs will come in between these worst and best cases. Global sourcing systems are also dynamic creatures, subject to change

35、and improvement over time. It is essential that the performance of the sourcing system be monitored by all parties to the partnership to maintain its common focus. Several additional items should be considered whenever international sourcing is an alternative for a firm: possible use of child labor,

36、 changing tariff structures, foreign trade zones, exporting for assembly in bond, and counter trade.【答案】 在系统设计中建立一定程度的运输和库存成本的模糊性，将可以估算出这些成本的高值和低值，而成本将会在这些最坏和最好的情况之间。全球采购系统也是动态的，随着时间的推移会发生变化和改进。至关重要的是，结为伙伴关系的各方都要对采购系统的性能进行监控，以确保达成共识。当国际采购是公司的一种选择时，应考虑以下额外几点：使用童工的可能性，变化的关税结构，外贸区，保税出口组装和补偿贸易。13. 单选题At

37、 the sight of this photograph he changed his（ ） .问题1选项A.countenanceB.counteragentC.concessionsD.counteract【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项countenance“面容，表情”；B选项counteragent“反作用剂；中和力”；C选项concessions“让步，让与”；D选项counteract“抵消”，句意为：一看到这张照片，他面色就变了。故正确答案选A。14. 翻译题 30多年来，外商直接投资的引入不仅带来了资金，更带来了先进的技术设备、管理和经营理念，有力地促进了

38、中国经济制度、技术和管理创新。正因如此，我们在今年4月公开征求意见，对“自主创新”产品的认定标准进行了调整，上述结果说明，所有外国企业都得到了一视同仁的对待，他们的产品被视为“中国制造”，和中国企业的产品适用同样的原产地规则。自从加入世界贸易组织以来，中国不断降低外资准入门槛。1997年以来，我们4次修订外商投资产业指导目录。(参考词汇：self-dependent innovative: consultation; rules of origin; entry threshold)【答案】 Over the last three decades, foreign direct investm

39、ent has brought capital, advanced technologies and business know-how to China. We understand that FDI fosters innovation. That is why, in April, we held a public consultation to review the criteria we use to accredit “self-dependent innovative products”. The results emphasized that all foreign enter

40、prises are given equal treatment and that all their products are considered to be “made in China”, while the same rules of origin are applied to them as to Chinese products. Since joining the World Trade Organization, China has continually lowered the entry threshold for foreign investment. Since 19

41、97, we have revised the Catalogue of Industries for Foreign Investment Guidance four times.15. 单选题We saw the canoe （ ）, throwing its passengers into the water.问题1选项A.prostrateB.overturnC.simulateD.brag【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项prostrate“将弄倒”；B选项overturn“推翻，倾覆”；C选项simulate“模仿，假装”；D选项brag“吹牛，吹嘘”。根据前面的关

42、键词“canoe独木舟”，可知“overturn颠覆，倾翻”最符合题意，句意为：我们看见独木舟翻了，把船上的乘客都掀进水里。故选项B意思与之接近。16. 单选题As a high-level executive （ ）a group of managers, you may find these guidelines helpful.问题1选项A.talkingB.speakingC.addressingD.discussing【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项talk“说，谈话”；B选项speak“讲话，发言”；C选项address“演讲，致词”；D选项discuss“讨论”

43、，四个选项意思相近，但是talk强调动作双方沟通，speak侧重单方的讲话，address指在某活动或者工作中的发言，句意为：当你作为高管向一群经理演讲时，你可能会发现这些指导方针很有帮助。故选项C更符合题意。17. 翻译题 Implicit in the above questions is the development of sourcing alternatives. In designing systems, the prudent manager has an alternative in mind, albeit an alternative that may not be a

44、first choice, but one that will functionally substitute should a given procedure, supplier, or nation become temporarily unavailable. Specification should thus include the nature of relationships between the company and its suppliers, appropriate communication styles and linkages, and a clear statem

45、ent of company philosophy and expectations for dealing with its own customers.【答案】 在上述问题中，寻找替代方案是不言而喻的。在设计系统时，谨慎的管理者脑海中会有一个备选方案，尽管这个备选方案不是首选，但是，如果指定的程序、供应商或供货国家暂时无法使用，这个方案将能顶替并起作用。因此，细则中应该说明公司与其供应商之间关系的性质，合适的沟通方式和联系方式，以及明确说明公司的理念和与本公司打交道的要求。18. 单选题With the prices （ ）so much, it is difficult for the

46、government to make a budget plan.问题1选项A.vibratingB.fluctuatingC.flutteringD.swinging【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项vibrate“使震动，使颤动”；B选项fluctuate“波动，涨落”的意思；C选项flutter“飘动，鼓翼”；D选项swing“摇摆，专项，悬挂”。根据关键词“price价格”和“make a budget plan做出预算方案”，可知空格部分意思为“浮动”，和选项B意思接近，句意为：因为价格的波动太大了，政府很难做出预算方案。故选B。19. 翻译题 假如预期实际油价的上涨

47、幅度将超过替代资产的回报率，生产者会把石油留在地下不 开采。因此决定当前价格的，是预期的未来价格。最重要的推动因素是新兴国家（尤其是 中国）需求的预期增长情况，以及对替代能源供应的担忧。中国经济的迅速增长及其资源 高度密集型的增长方式，是最重要的因素。【答案】 Producers will leave oil in the ground if the rise in real oil prices is expected to be faster than the return on the alternative assets. What determines the current pri

48、ce then is the expected future price. The most important stimulations have been the prospective growth in the demand of emerging countries, particularly China, and gloom about alternative sources of supply. Chinas rapid and highly resource-intensive growth is the most important factor.20. 单选题 When e

49、xecutives at Google went looking for Wall Street investment bankers to underwrite the companys massive initial public offering, they laid down strict terms of engagement: bring us new ideas on how to sell the deal to investors and save the usual political gamesmanship. But with such a huge payday at

50、 stakean estimated $100 million in fees for handling the offeringwould you expect all the big firms to play by the Google rules? Of course not, just ask Goldman Sachs. To win a chunk of the Google business, Goldman, the nations premier investment bank, set free its CEO: Hank Paulson, to pull some st

51、rings. Paulson is one of Wall Streets best “call men”, who can wave a Palm PDA full of connections when its crunch time to bring home a deal. But Newsweek has learned that Paulson tried to sidestep Googles orders by reaching out to one of Googles largest investors, Kleiner Perkins, the powerful vent

52、ure-capital firm that was an early Google backer. The move helped doom Goldmans efforts to win the lead underwriting spot, which went instead to Credit Suisse First Boston and Morgan Stanley. Paulson thought his best shot was John Doerr, one of Kleiners top partners. Bad move, when word of Paulsons

53、misstep got back to Googles top executives, Goldman was quickly bumped from the top of the short list. “The people at Google were such enthusiasts about the rules,” said one executive who works at a rival Wall Street firm. “When they heard about this, they went ape.” None of the parties involvedGoog

54、le, Goldman Sachs or Doerrwould comment. The two winners, CSFB and Morgan Stanley, managed to keep a low profile. John Mack, CSFBs famously well-connected chief executive, purposely stayed out of the bidding process for fear that he might tip the scales to another player, people with knowledge of th

55、e matter say. Meanwhile, new rules for Wall Street research analysts appear to have prevented Mary Meeker, Morgan Stanleys top Internet analyst, from playing a direct role, even though she and Doerr have done business together for years. Goldman, meanwhile, cant blame its loss just on Paulson. Peopl

56、e close to the deal say bankers for the firm bragged to Google about the Goldman name, and didnt generate enough ideas about how to sell shares to investors through an auction. “Their lack of marketing wit may have hurt them more than Paulson,” said the executive from a rival firm. Sometimes, it rea

57、lly does pay to play by the rules.1. What can be inferred from the first paragraph?2. Hank Paulsons name is mentioned to show that（ ）.3. The speaker in the third paragraph thinks that（ ）.4. John Mack and Mary Meeker shared similarities in that they both（ ）.5. Goldman might learn a lesson from Google

58、s deal that （ ）.问题1选项A.Google followed the rules of Wall Street.B.Goldman Sachs disobeyed Googles rules.C.Goldman Sachs followed Googles rules.D.Big firms in Wall Street are afraid of Google.问题2选项A.he is a famous banker in Wall StreetB.he failed by following Googles rulesC.he lost Googles deal by us

59、ing gamesmanshipD.he lost Googles deal to his rivals问题3选项A.John Doerr was the best shot for PaulsonB.Goldman was wrong in Googles dealC.Google made a fuss about Paulsons actD.Google followed the rules perfectly问题4选项A.behaved with deliberate restraint or modestyB.purposely stayed out of the bidding p

60、rocessC.worked together with Doerr for yearsD.tipped the scale to their rivals问题5选项A.they should not unleash its CEO to pull some stringsB.they should always play by the rulesC.Paulson is not the right person to lead the hankD.its vital to have good perception in marketing【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题

61、:D【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】主旨大意题。定位到文章第一段“But with such a huge payday at stakean estimated $100 million in fees for handling the offeringwould you expect all the big firms to play by the Google rules? Of course not, just ask Goldman Sachs. 但是，考虑到如此巨额的发薪日估计有1亿美元用于处理股票发行的费用你还指望所有的大公司都遵守谷歌规则吗？当然不是，问问高盛公司就知道了

62、。”由此可得到B选项“高盛公司不服从谷歌的规定”符合题意。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第二段“But Newsweek has learned that Paulson tried to sidestep Googles orders by reaching out to one of Googles largest investors, Kleiner Perkins, the powerful venture-capital firm that was an early Google backer. The move helped doom Goldmans eff

63、orts to win the lead underwriting spot, which went instead to Credit Suisse First Boston and Morgan Stanley. 但新闻周刊获悉，保尔森试图绕过谷歌的指令，与谷歌最大的投资者之一、实力强大的风险投资公司凯鹏华盈接洽。这家公司是谷歌的早期支持者。这一举动使高盛赢得主承销席位的努力陷入了失败，最终被瑞士信贷第一波士顿（CSFB）和摩根士丹利（Morgan Stanley）取代。”由此可知保尔森虽然用了些手段，但是没有赢得谷歌的生意，因此选项C正确。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文